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Tokunaga S, Endo Y, Kawata T. [Pharmacological and clinical profiles of a novel calcimimetic, evocalcet (ORKEDIA ®)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:35-43. [PMID: 31308348 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcimimetics allosterically activate the calcium receptor (CaR) and inhibit the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Cinacalcet hydrochloride (cinacalcet) has been approved as the first calcimimetic drug for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with hemodialysis. Cinacalcet improved the achievement of target serum PTH and Ca levels and helped drastically reduce the number of parathyroidectomies. However, cinacalcet has side effects involving the gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea and vomiting, which makes it difficult to increase the dose and may result in reduced compliance. Evocalcet has been developed to improve defects of cinacalcet for management of SHPT. Evocalcet acts as an allosteric modulator of CaR, just like cinacalcet. However, its metabolic pathway is different from that of cinacalcet. The metabolism of evocalcet by cytochrome P450 is very low, so evocalcet has higher bioavailability. As a result, its pharmacologically effective dose for the inhibition of PTH secretion is lower than that of cinacalcet. Evocalcet had less of an effect on the gastrointestinal tract than cinacalcet because of the reduced dose required. In a clinical trial with a randomized, double-blind, head-to-head comparison study, it was also confirmed that the incidence of gastrointestinal-related adverse events was lower in the evocalcet group than in the cinacalcet group. Evocalcet may thus be a potent option for the management of SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Tokunaga
- Nephrology Research Laboratories, Nephrology R&D Unit, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Clinical Development Center, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Takehisa Kawata
- Nephrology Research Laboratories, Nephrology R&D Unit, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
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Diepenhorst NA, Leach K, Keller AN, Rueda P, Cook AE, Pierce TL, Nowell C, Pastoureau P, Sabatini M, Summers RJ, Charman WN, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ. Divergent effects of strontium and calcium-sensing receptor positive allosteric modulators (calcimimetics) on human osteoclast activity. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4095-4108. [PMID: 29714810 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Strontium ranelate, a drug approved and until recently used for the treatment of osteoporosis, mediates its effects on bone at least in part via the calcium-sensing (CaS) receptor. However, it is not known whether bone-targeted CaS receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs; calcimimetics) represent an alternative (or adjunctive) therapy to strontium (Sr2+ o ). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed three structurally distinct calcimimetics [cinacalcet, AC-265347 and a benzothiazole tri-substituted urea (BTU-compound 13)], alone and in combination with extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o ) or Sr2+ o , in G protein-dependent signalling assays and trafficking experiments in HEK293 cells and their effects on cell differentiation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and hydroxyapatite resorption assays in human blood-derived osteoclasts. KEY RESULTS Sr2+ o activated CaS receptor-dependent signalling in HEK293 cells in a similar manner to Ca2+ o , and inhibited the maturation, TRAP expression and hydroxyapatite resorption capacity of human osteoclasts. Calcimimetics potentiated Ca2+ o - and Sr2+ o -mediated CaS receptor signalling in HEK293 cells with distinct biased profiles, and only cinacalcet chaperoned an endoplasmic reticulum-retained CaS mutant receptor to the cell surface in HEK293 cells, indicative of a conformational state different from that engendered by AC-265347 and BTU-compound 13. Intriguingly, only cinacalcet modulated human osteoclast function, reducing TRAP activity and profoundly inhibiting resorption. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Although AC-265347 and BTU-compound 13 potentiated Ca2+ o - and Sr2+ o -induced CaS receptor activation, they neither replicated nor potentiated the ability of Sr2+ o to inhibit human osteoclast function. In contrast, the FDA-approved calcimimetic, cinacalcet, inhibited osteoclast TRAP activity and hydroxyapatite resorption, which may contribute to its clinical effects on bone mineral density LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Diepenhorst
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia Rueda
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracie L Pierce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Milovanovic DR, Stanojevic Pirkovic M, Zivancevic Simonovic S, Matovic M, Djukic Dejanovic S, Jankovic SM, Ravanic D, Petronijevic M, Ignjatovic Ristic D, Mladenovic V, Jovanovic M, Nikolic Labovic S, Pajovic M, Djokovic D, Petrovic D, Janjic V. Parameters of Calcium Metabolism Fluctuated during Initiation or Changing of Antipsychotic Drugs. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:89-101. [PMID: 26766951 PMCID: PMC4701691 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum parameters of calcium homeostasis were measured based on previously published evidence linking osteoporotic fractures and/or bone/mineral loss with antipsychotics. METHODS Prospective, four-week, time-series trial was conducted and study population consisted of patients of both genders, aged 35-85 years, admitted within the routine practice, with acute psychotic symptoms, to whom an antipsychotic drug was either introduced or substituted. Serial measurements of serum calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, osteocalcin and C-telopeptide were made from patient venous blood samples. RESULTS Calcium serum concentrations significantly decreased from baseline to the fourth week (2.42±0.12 vs. 2.33±0.16 mmol/L, p=0.022, n=25). The mean of all calcemia changes from the baseline was -2.6±5.7% (-24.1 to 7.7) with more decreases than increases (78 vs. 49, p=0.010) and more patents having negative sum of calcemia changes from baseline (n=28) than positive ones (n=10) (p=0.004). There were simultaneous falls of calcium and magnesium from baseline (63/15 vs. 23/26, p<0.001; OR=4.75, 95% CI 2.14-10.51), phosphorous (45/33 vs. 9/40, p<0.001; 6.06, 2.59-14.20) and 25(OH)D concentrations (57/21 vs. 13/35, p<0.001; 7.31, 3.25-16.42), respectively. Calcemia positively correlated with magnesemia, phosphatemia and 25(OH)D values. Parathyroid hormone and C-telopeptide showed only subtle oscillations of their absolute concentrations or changes from baseline; calcitonin and osteocalcin did not change. Adjustment of final calcemia trend (depletion/accumulation) for relevant risk factors, generally, did not change the results. CONCLUSION In patients with psychotic disorders and several risks for bone metabolism disturbances antipsychotic treatment was associated with the decrease of calcemia and changes in levels of the associated ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan R. Milovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Stanojevic Pirkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Zivancevic Simonovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milovan Matovic
- Deparment of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavica Djukic Dejanovic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan M. Jankovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragan Ravanic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Petronijevic
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Military Medical Academy University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Violeta Mladenovic
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Jovanovic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sandra Nikolic Labovic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Pajovic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djokovic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dusan Petrovic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Janjic
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
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