1
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SAXS-based study of crosslinking homogeneity in bio-based complexes prepared via the Maillard reaction between cationic polyelectrolytes and fructose. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Ou ZR, Peng WL, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Controllable Depolymerization and Recovery of Interlocked Covalent Adaptable Networks via Cascading Reactions of the Built-In Reversible Bonds. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Rong Ou
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li Peng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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3
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Gao G, Wang X, Chen M, Bowman CN, Stansbury JW. Functional Nanogels as a Route to Interpenetrating Polymer Networks with Improved Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiance Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mingtao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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4
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Fernández-Francos X, Konuray O, Ramis X, Serra À, De la Flor S. Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 14:E107. [PMID: 33383800 PMCID: PMC7795871 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-curing thermosetting systems are recently being developed as an alternative to conventional curing systems due to their processing flexibility and the possibility of enhancing the properties of cured parts in single- or multi-stage processing scenarios. Most dual-curing systems currently employed in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are aimed at improving the quality and properties of the printed parts. However, further benefit can be obtained from control in the curing sequence, making it possible to obtain partially reacted 3D-printed parts with tailored structure and properties, and to complete the reaction by activation of a second polymerization reaction in a subsequent processing stage. This paves the way for a range of novel applications based on the controlled reactivity and functionality of this intermediate material and the final consolidation of the 3D-printed part after this second processing stage. In this review, different strategies and the latest developments based on the concept of dual-curing are analyzed, with a focus on the enhanced functionality and emerging applications of the processed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fernández-Francos
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.R.)
| | - Osman Konuray
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.R.)
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.R.)
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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5
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The Organic Matrix of Restorative Composites and Adhesives. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Mohammad Raei Nayini M, Bastani S, Moradian S, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X. Manipulating the Surface Structure of Hybrid UV Curable Coatings through Photopolymerization-Induced Phase Separation: Influence of Inorganic Portion and Photoinitiator Content. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammad Raei Nayini
- Department of Printing Science and Technology; Institute for Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Bastani
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion; Institute for Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
- Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology; Institute of Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology; Institute of Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
| | - Céline Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; ENSCMu; 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; ENSCMu; 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
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7
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Lungu A, Florea NM, Manea M, Vasile E, Iovu H. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanoreinforced methacrylate/epoxy hybrids. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lungu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University Politehnica of Bucharest; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street Bucharest 011061 Romania
| | - Nicoleta Mihaela Florea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University Politehnica of Bucharest; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street Bucharest 011061 Romania
- Horia Hulubei - National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH); 30 Reactorului Street Magurele 077125 Romania
| | - Mihaela Manea
- Horia Hulubei - National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH); 30 Reactorului Street Magurele 077125 Romania
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University Politehnica of Bucharest; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street Bucharest 011061 Romania
| | - Horia Iovu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; University Politehnica of Bucharest; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street Bucharest 011061 Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists; 54 Splaiul Independentei Bucharest 050094 Romania
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8
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Rohde BJ, Robertson ML, Krishnamoorti R. Concurrent curing kinetics of an anhydride-cured epoxy resin and polydicyclopentadiene. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Ge X, Ye Q, Song L, Misra A, Spencer P. Visible-Light Initiated Free-Radical/Cationic Ring-Opening Hybrid Photopolymerization of Methacrylate/Epoxy: Polymerization Kinetics, Crosslinking Structure, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015; 216:856-872. [PMID: 28713208 PMCID: PMC5507371 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of polymerization kinetics and chemical miscibility on the crosslinking structure and mechanical properties of polymers cured by visible-light initiated free-radical/cationic ring-opening hybrid photopolymerization are determined. A three-component initiator system is used and the monomer system contains methacrylates and epoxides. The photopolymerization kinetics is monitored in situ by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance. The crosslinking structure is studied by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. X-ray microcomputed tomography is used to evaluate microphase separation. The mechanical properties of polymers formed by hybrid formed by free-radical polymerization. These investigations mark the first time that the benefits of the chain transfer reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl groups of methacrylate, on the crosslinking network and microphase separation during hybrid visible-light initiated photopolymerization, have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ge
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Linyong Song
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, KS, USA
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11
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A new approach to network heterogeneity: Polymerization Induced Phase Separation in photo-initiated, free-radical methacrylic systems. POLYMER 2012; 53:4694-4701. [PMID: 23109733 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-reactive, thermoplastic prepolymers (poly- methyl, ethyl and butyl methacrylate) were added to a model homopolymer matrix composed of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to form heterogeneous networks via polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS). PIPS creates networks with distinct phase structure that can partially compensate for volumetric shrinkage during polymerization through localized internal volume expansion. This investigation utilizes purely photo-initiated, free-radical systems, broadening the scope of applications for PIPS since these processing conditions have not been studied previously.The introduction of prepolymer into TEGDMA monomer resulted in stable, homogeneous monomer formulations, most of which underwent PIPS upon photo-irradiation, creating heterogeneous networks. During polymerization the presence of prepolymer enhanced autoacceleration, allowing for a more extensive ambient cure of the material. Phase separation, as characterized by dynamic changes in sample turbidity, was monitored simultaneously with monomer conversion and either preceded or was coincident with network gelation. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows a broadening of the tan delta peak and secondary peak formation, characteristic of phase-separated materials, indicating one phase rich in prepolymer and another depleted form upon phase separation. In certain cases, PIPS leads to an enhanced physical reduction of volumetric shrinkage, which is attractive for many applications including dental composite materials.
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12
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Lungu A, Florea NM, Iovu H. Dimethacrylic/epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks including octafunctional POSS. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Cai Y, Jessop JL. Effect of water concentration on photopolymerized acrylate/epoxide hybrid polymer coatings as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Lee T, Cramer N, Hoyle C, Stansbury J, Bowman C. (Meth)Acrylate Vinyl Ester Hybrid Polymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 47:2509-2517. [PMID: 19855853 DOI: 10.1002/pola.23327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study vinyl ester monomers were synthesized by an amine catalyzed Michael addition reaction between a multifunctional thiol and the acrylate double bond of vinyl acrylate. The copolymerization behavior of both methacrylate/vinyl ester and acrylate/vinyl ester systems was studied with near-infrared spectroscopy. In acrylate/vinyl ester systems, the acrylate groups polymerize faster than the vinyl ester groups resulting in an overall conversion of 80% for acrylate double bonds in the acrylate/vinyl ester system relative to only 50% in the bulk acrylate system. In the methacrylate/vinyl ester systems, the difference in reactivity is even more pronounced resulting in two distinguishable polymerization regimes, one dominated by methacrylate polymerization and a second dominated by vinyl ester polymerization. A faster polymerization rate and higher overall conversion of the methacrylate double bonds is thus achieved relative to polymerization of the pure methacrylate system. The methacrylate conversion in the methacrylate/vinyl ester system is near 100% compared to only ~60% in the pure methacrylate system. Utilizing hydrophilic vinyl ester and hydrophobic methacrylate monomers, polymerization-induced phase separation is observed. The phase separated domain size is on the order of ~1 μm under the polymerization conditions. The phase separated domains become larger and more distinct with slower polymerization and correspondingly increased time for diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyeon Lee
- University of Colorado, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Boulder, CO 80309
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Chen F, Cook WD. Curing kinetics and morphology of IPNs from a flexible dimethacrylate and a rigid epoxy via sequential photo and thermal polymerization. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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