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Xia R, Xi J, Zhang Z, He Y, Yu Z. Curing Behavior of UV-Initiated Surface-Modified Nano-TiO2/Epoxy Resin Prepolymers and the Properties of Cured Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071756. [PMID: 37050368 PMCID: PMC10096795 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-titanium dioxides (nano-TiO2) surface modified with isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate (NDZ-201), a titanate coupling agent, and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560), a silane coupling agent, were separately mixed with bisphenol A epoxy resin (DEGBA) prepolymer and then cured using a UV-normal temperature synergistic curing process. Then, the isothermal curing process of the system was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The relationship between the organization structures, mechanical properties, and heat resistance properties of the cured composites and material formulation was studied, and the DSC results showed that the addition of nano-TiO2 reduced the curing reaction rate constant k1 and increased the k2 of the prepolymer, while the activation energy of the curing reaction after UV irradiation Ea1 decreased, and the activation energy in the middle and later periods Ea2 increased. The characterization results of the composite material showed that nano-TiO2 as a scattering agent reduced the photoinitiation efficiency of UV light, and due to its obvious agglomeration tendency in the epoxy resin, the mechanical properties of the composite material were poor. The dispersibility of the coupling-agent-modified nano-TiO2 in the epoxy resin was greatly enhanced, and the mechanical and heat resistance properties of the composite material improved remarkably. The comparison results of the two coupling agents showed that NDZ-201 had better performance in increasing the impact strength by 6.8% (minimum value, the same below) and the maximum thermal decomposition rate temperature by 4.88 °C of the composite, while KH-560 improved the tensile strength by 7.3% and the glass transition temperature (Tg) by 3.34 °C of the composite.
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Sound Insulation Properties of Hollow Polystyrene Spheres/Polyethylene Glycol/Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071388. [PMID: 35406260 PMCID: PMC9003463 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of noise requires a noise source, transmission path, and passive acceptance target of noise, all of which are indispensable. Blocking the propagation path of noise is one of the available means when the existence of the noise source and passive receiving target cannot be addressed. This is an effective way to prevent noise pollution, often using sound insulation materials to block the path of noise transmission. In this work, composites with excellent sound insulation properties were designed and prepared. These composites, using epoxy resin (EP) as the matrix, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and hollow polystyrene spheres (HPS), were added to epoxy resin as a toughening agent and functional filler to prepare the ternary HPS/PEG/EP composites. The soundproofing results showed that when the thickness of the sample was 3 mm, the average sound transmission loss (STL) value of the neat EP and the HPS/PEG/EP composites with an HPS 32 vol% was up to 19.0 dB and 42.1 dB, and the STL values of the composites were increased by approximately 120% compared to the pure epoxy. When the sample was 10 mm thick, the average STL value of the HPS/PEG/EP composites with HPS 32 vol% contents was enhanced to 55.7 dB.
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Luo X, Liu XF, Ding XM, Chen L, Chen SC, Wang YZ. Effects of curing temperature on the structure and properties of epoxy resin-poly(ε-caprolactam) blends. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Attard TL. Bulk Energy Transferability Linked to Critical N–H Modes of an Interfacial Nanoscale Surface Modification via Unique Isophorone Diisocyanate Amine Exchange Reaction. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Attard
- PowerPolymer LLC 8888 E. Quail Cove Ln. Gold Canyon AZ 85118 USA
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Wang R, Kuan HC, Qiu A, Su X, Ma J. A facile approach to the scalable preparation of thermoplastic/carbon nanotube composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195706. [PMID: 31751961 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5a28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling and dispersing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in thermoplastics by the existing melt compounding facilities where neither solvent nor liquid chemicals are allowed remains a great challenge. This challenge is addressed herein by combining ball milling with melt compounding. Specifically, ball milling is applied to disentangle MWCNTs and to eventually liberate each tube from agglomeration, and then the tubes are melt compounded with SSFs (PA6). A uniformly distributed MWCNT network is observed; obvious load transfer from the matrix to the tubes is evidenced by the presence of many firmly embedded tubes on the fracture surface. The electrical conductivity percolation threshold of PA6/MWCNT composites is found to be 2.5-3.0 wt%, in comparison with 5.0-8.0 wt% for PA6/stainless steel fiber composites. The PA6/MWCNT composite at 10.0 wt% shows a 76% increase in flexural modulus and 58% in flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- School of Engineering and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia. Department of Energy Application Engineering, Far East University, Tainan County 744, Taiwan
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Meng Q, Kenelak V, Chand A, Kang H, Han S, Liu T. A highly flexible, electrically conductive, and mechanically robust graphene/epoxy composite film for its self‐damage detection. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Meng
- College of Aerospace EngineeringShenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
- Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute Shenyang China
| | - Vincent Kenelak
- College of Aerospace EngineeringShenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Aron Chand
- College of Aerospace EngineeringShenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Hailan Kang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Sensen Han
- College of Aerospace EngineeringShenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Manoj Kumar Shukla, Kamal Sharma. Effect of Carbon Nanofillers on the Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Epoxy Based Nanocomposites: A Review. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yang Y, Zhao YF, Wang JY, Zhao C, Tong L, Liu XY, Zhan MS. Acrylic-based epoxy resin damping systems: Synthesis, characterization, and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhao
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Jian-Yue Wang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Liu Tong
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Mao-Sheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
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Yang Y, Zhao YF, Wang JY, Zhao C, Tong L, Liu XY, Zhang JH, Zhan MS. Structure and properties of a low viscosity acrylate based flexible epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhao
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Jian-Yue Wang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Liu Tong
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Mao-Sheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
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Meng Q, Jin J, Wang R, Kuan HC, Ma J, Kawashima N, Michelmore A, Zhu S, Wang CH. Processable 3-nm thick graphene platelets of high electrical conductivity and their epoxy composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:125707. [PMID: 24577240 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/12/125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene platelets (GnPs) are a class of novel 2D nanomaterials owing to their very small thickness (∼3 nm), high mechanical strength and electric conductivity (1460 S cm(-1)), and good compatibility with most polymers as well as cost-effectiveness. In this paper we present a low-cost processing technique for producing modified GnPs and an investigation of the electrical and mechanical properties of the resulting composites. After dispersing GnPs in solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a long-chain surfactant (Jeffamine D 2000, denoted J2000) was added to covalently modify GnPs, yielding J2000-GnPs. By adjusting the ratio of GnPs to the solvent, the modified GnPs show different average thickness and thus electrical conductivity ranging from 694 to 1200 S cm(-1). To promote the exfoliation and dispersion of J2000-GnPs in a polymeric matrix, they were dispersed in the solvent again and further modified using diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) producing m-GnPs, which were then compounded with an epoxy resin for the development of epoxy/m-GnP composites. A percolation threshold of electrical volume resistivity for the resulting composites was observed at 0.31 vol%. It was found that epoxy/m-GnP composites demonstrated far better mechanical properties than those of unmodified GnPs of the same volume fraction. For example, m-GnPs at 0.25 vol% increased the fracture energy release rate G1c from 0.204 ± 0.03 to 1.422 ± 0.24 kJ m(-2), while the same fraction of unmodified GnPs increased G1c to 1.01 ± 0.24 kJ m(-2). The interface modification also enhanced the glass transition temperature of neat epoxy from 58.9 to 73.8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Meng
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia. Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia
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Zavareh S, Samandari G. Polyethylene glycol as an epoxy modifier with extremely high toughening effect: Formation of nanoblend morphology. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Zavareh
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Basic Sciences; University of Maragheh; Maragheh Iran
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Zaman I, Kuan HC, Dai J, Kawashima N, Michelmore A, Sovi A, Dong S, Luong L, Ma J. From carbon nanotubes and silicate layers to graphene platelets for polymer nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4578-86. [PMID: 22706725 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive studies conducted on carbon nanotubes and silicate layers for their polymer-based nanocomposites, the rise of graphene now provides a more promising candidate due to its exceptionally high mechanical performance and electrical and thermal conductivities. The present study developed a facile approach to fabricate epoxy-graphene nanocomposites by thermally expanding a commercial product followed by ultrasonication and solution-compounding with epoxy, and investigated their morphologies, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and thermal mechanical behaviour. Graphene platelets (GnPs) of 3.57 ± 0.50 nm in thickness were created after the expanded product was dispersed in tetrahydrofuran using 60 min ultrasonication. Since epoxy resins cured by various hardeners are widely used in industries, we chose two common hardeners: polyoxypropylene (J230) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). DDS-cured nanocomposites showed a better dispersion and exfoliation of GnPs, a higher improvement (573%) in fracture energy release rate and a lower percolation threshold (0.612 vol%) for electrical conductivity, because DDS contains benzene groups which create π-π interactions with GnPs promoting a higher degree of dispersion and exfoliation of GnPs during curing. This research pointed out a potential trend where GnPs would replace carbon nanotubes and silicate layers for many applications of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzuddin Zaman
- School of Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia
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Ray D, Ghorui S, Bandyopadhyay NR, Sengupta S, Kar T. New Materials from Maleated Castor Oil/Epoxy Resin Blend Reinforced with Fly Ash. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201472u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipa Ray
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Subhankar Ghorui
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - N. R. Bandyopadhyay
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Calcutta Institute of Engineering and Management, Tollygunge, Kolkata 700040,
India
| | - Tanusree Kar
- Department of Materials
Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,
2A and B Raja S.C Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Studies on heterocyclic polyurea–epoxy resin condensation products. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sánchez-Ferrer A, Rogez D, Martinoty P. Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyurea Elastomers by Sol/Gel Chemistry. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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