1
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Hao D, Guo X, Zhu X, Wei C, Gao L, Wang X. Progress in synthesis, modification, characterization and applications of hyperbranched polyphosphate polyesters. Des Monomers Polym 2024; 27:62-86. [PMID: 39077753 PMCID: PMC11285245 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2024.2376842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polyphosphate polyesters (HPPs) as a special class of hyperbranched polymers have attracted increased interest and have been intensively studied, because of peculiar structures, excellent biocompatibility, flexibility in physicochemical properties, biodegradability, water soluble, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. HPPs can be divided into phosphates as monomers and phosphates as end groups. In this article, the classification, general synthesis, modifications, and applications of HPP are reviewed. In addition, recent developments in the application of HPP are described, such as modified or functionalized by end capping and hypergrafting to improve the performances in polymer blends, coatings, flame retardant, leather. Furthermore, the modifications and application of HPPs in biomedical materials, such as drug delivery and bone regeneration were discussed. In summary, the hyperbranched polymer enlarges its application range and improves its application performance compared with conventional polymer. In the future, more new HPPs composite materials will be developed through hyperbranched technique. This review of HPPs will provide useful theoretical basis and technical support for the development of new hyperbranched polymer material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- BioHong Corporation of Xi′an, Product development department, Xi′an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Material Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi′an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Wei
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Material Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi′an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanchang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Material Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi′an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Vogel W, Hegde M, Keith AN, Sheiko SS, Dingemans TJ. Chemistry and Properties of Cross-Linked All-Aromatic Hyperbranched Polyaryletherketones. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Vogel
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft 2629 HS, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Maruti Hegde
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 1113, 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3050, United States
| | - Andrew N. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft 2629 HS, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 1113, 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3050, United States
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3
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Ma M, Wang X, Liu K, Chen S, Shi Y, He H, Wang X. Simultaneously enhanced fracture toughness and flame‐retardant property of poly(
l
‐lactic acid) via reactive blending with ammonium polyphosphate and
in situ
formed polyurethane. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Xinpeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
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Mogheiseh M, Zohuri GH, Khoshsefat M. Study on single and binary catalytic systems of pyridine-imine catalysts based on nickel and iron in synthesis of reactor blends and low-density polyethylene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mogheiseh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; PO Box 91775-1436, Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Zohuri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; PO Box 91775-1436, Mashhad Iran
- Environmental Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; PO Box 91775-1436, Mashhad Iran
| | - Mostafa Khoshsefat
- Department of Catalyst; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); PO Box 14965/115, Tehran Iran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
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6
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Mogheiseh M, Zohuri GH, Khoshsefat M. Synthesis of LDPE Using Pyridineimine-Based Nickel (II) Bromide Complexes: Effect of Catalyst Bulkiness on Thermal, Structural, and Morphological Properties. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mogheiseh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad PO Box 91775-1436 Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Zohuri
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad PO Box 91775-1436 Iran
- Environmental Chemistry Research Centre; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad PO Box 91775-1436 Iran
| | - Mostafa Khoshsefat
- Department of Catalyst; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); Tehran PO Box 14965/115 Iran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
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7
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Liu G, Gao S. Synergistic effect between aluminum hypophosphite and a new intumescent flame retardant system in poly(lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gousheng Liu
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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Chen B, Shen X, Luo Z, Chen H, Cai D, Chen C, Zhang C, Qin P, Cao H, Tan T. Feasibility of polyethylene composites reinforced by distillers dried fibers with solubles (DDFS) after different generations of ethanol fermentation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25602-25610. [PMID: 35539782 PMCID: PMC9082614 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03906b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to effectively evaluate the distillers dried fibers with solubles (DDFS) obtained from biorefinery processes, sorghum distiller (SD), cassava distiller (CD) and corn cob distiller (CCD) residuals from different generation bioethanol plants were used as the reinforcing phase for polyethylene composites. The mechanical performances and the physical properties of the polyethylene/DDFS composites were evaluated. The results showed that the CCD reinforced specimen offered the best mechanical performances, with a flexural strength of 21.8 ± 2.2 MPa and a tensile strength of 39.7 ± 3.2 MPa. After multigelation, the retention ratios of the rupture modulus and the elasticity modulus of the CCD reinforced specimen reached 88.7 ± 6.7% and 84.1 ± 2.7%, while after 2000 h of xenon lamp weathering they reached 96.2 ± 4.7% and 82 ± 1.8%, respectively. Hybridizing the biorefinery process with the process of composites production was feasible. Flowchart of the process for prepares polyethylene/DDFS composites. Solid residuals after 1 G, 1.5 G and 2 G SSF bioethanol plants were used as the reinforcement.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Xiaotong Shen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Zhangfeng Luo
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Huidong Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
- Center for Process Simulation & Optimization
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
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9
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Liu T, Jing J, Zhang Y, Fang Z. Synthesis of a novel polyphosphate and its application with APP in flame retardant PLA. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphorus-containing flame retardant was synthesized via an A2 + B3 type reaction of bisphenolic acid-based monomer and phosphorus oxychloride. Then, intumescent flame retardant systems were prepared by combining PFRS with ammonium polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jian Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lab of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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10
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Zhang Y, Han P, Fang Z. Synthesis of phospholipidated β-cyclodextrin and its application for flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) with ammonium polyphosphate. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Ningbo 315100 China
| | - Pengyu Han
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Ningbo 315100 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Ningbo 315100 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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11
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Koohi Fayegh A, Ahmadjo S, Mortazavi SMM. Effect of different additives and their mixtures on thermal stability of polyethylene synthesized using iron and titanocene hybrid catalysts. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Koohi Fayegh
- Catalyst group; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); P.O. Box 14965-115 Tehran Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadjo
- Catalyst group; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); P.O. Box 14965-115 Tehran Iran
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12
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Dusunceli N, Drozdov AD, Theilgaard N. Influence of temperature on viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior of poly(lactic acid) under loading-unloading. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Necmi Dusunceli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Aksaray University; Aksaray 68100 Turkey
| | - Aleksey D. Drozdov
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Aalborg University; Aalborg 9220 Denmark
| | - Naseem Theilgaard
- Center for Plastics Technology, Danish Technological Institute; Taastrup 2630 Denmark
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13
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Han B, Sun D, Li X, Gao C, Zhang S. Preparation and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ether sulfone) and its application as a coating additive for linear poly(ether sulfone). J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Li
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Gao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
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14
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Luan J, Lu C, Guo Y, Li F, Wang G. Influence of selective solvents on self-assembly behaviors of amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) rod–coil copolymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316639116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone)- graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (HPAEK- graft-PEG) rod–coil copolymer was synthesized by grafting linear PEG onto hydroxyl-terminated HPAEK (OH-HPAEK). The molecular structure, the number-average molecular weight and the thermal properties of HPAEK- graft-PEG were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The self-assembly behaviors of HPAEK- graft-PEG in the mixed solvents were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that the selective solvent in the used mixed solvents exerted remarkable influence on the morphology of the resulting micelles. When the mixed solvents were water/tetrahydrofuran (THF), trichloromethane/THF, and toluene/THF, that is, with the decrease of the selective solvents in polarity, HPAEK- graft-PEG could self-assemble into the regular microspheres with obvious core–shell structure, the similar quadrilateral-shaped micelles with the dimension of about 20 nm and the large complicated clew-shaped micelles, as well as the irregular large compound micelles, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the similar quadrilateral-shaped micelles were different from the toroidal micelles reported already, which had relatively obvious “angle”. The phenomenon may be ascribed that the rigid characteristic of rod HAPEK segment was conducive to the maintenance of the metastable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuang Luan
- College of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- College of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Liu T, Yan W, Su Y, Yu H, Zhao N, Yang Y, Jiang Z. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone) terminated with phthalonitrile group. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315577823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel cross-linkable hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone) (HPAEK) polymers (CN-HPAEK n) were synthesized using 2,4′,6-trifluoro-benzophenone as a BB′2 monomer, hydroquinone as an A2 monomer, and 4-nitrophthalonitrile as an endcapping reagent and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The average molecular weights of the prepared polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatographic analysis. Thermal cross-linking of CN-HPAEK n, catalyzed by p-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, was then performed via heating their films up to 350°C. The uncured synthesized polymers had good solubility, while the cured samples became insoluble in common organic solvents. Spectra measurement demonstrated trimerization reaction of terminal cyano groups to form triazine rings. The resulting cured samples had high glass transition temperatures and excellent thermal stability with high char yield. Gel content measurements demonstrated that the cured polymers had high cross-linking density, with significantly high gel content of over 95.0%. Thermal mechanical analysis indicated that the cured phthalonitrile resins possessed good thermal mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. These kinds of phthalonitrile resins may be used as a candidate for high-performance polymeric film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Su
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Filippov A, Amirova AI, Kirila T, Belyaeva EV, Sheremetyeva NA, Muzafarov AM. Influence of branching regularity on the behavior of hyperbranched polymers in solution. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Physics of Polymers; Bolshoy pr. 31 199004 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Alina I Amirova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Physics of Polymers; Bolshoy pr. 31 199004 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Kirila
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Physics of Polymers; Bolshoy pr. 31 199004 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Belyaeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Physics of Polymers; Bolshoy pr. 31 199004 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Sheremetyeva
- Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials; Laboratory of Organoelement Synthesis; Profsoyuznaya 70 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Aziz M Muzafarov
- Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials; Laboratory of Organoelement Synthesis; Profsoyuznaya 70 Moscow Russian Federation
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17
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Zhang D, Chen X, Liu H, Huang X. An theoretical investigation of reaction site of 2,4′,6-trifluorobenzophenone, 2,4′,6-trifluorophenylsulfone with hydroquinone. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314564198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical study for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 2,4′,6-trifluorobenzophenone (TF), 2,4′,6-trifluorophenylsulfone (TFS) with hydroquinone was performed at the density function theory level together with the polarizable continuum model. With detailed free energy profiles and transition state structures, our theoretical study confirms that TF or TFS with the para-position fluorine has more thermodynamic and kinetic advantages than that with the ortho-position fluorine. In addition, the calculations involving the local reactivity indices (Fukui function), the global reactivity indices (electronic chemical potential), and rate constants further corroborate the location of the preferred bonding site. The impacts of resonance effect, introductive effect, and steric effect were comprehensively considered to explain the reason why para-position is a good reaction site. Our computational results are in good agreement with experimental results and give the potential polymer materials TFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiankai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuri Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Lee DY, Lee SH, Cho MS, Nam JD, Lee Y. Facile fabrication of highly flexible poly(lactic acid) film using alternate multilayers of poly[(butylene adipate)-co-terephthalate]. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deuk-Young Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
- Advanced Technology R&D Center, SKC Co. Ltd; 440-301 Suwon Korea
| | - Sang Ha Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Mi Suk Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Jae Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Youngkwan Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
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19
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Self-assembly of amphiphilic hyperbranched poly (aryl ether ketone)- block-poly (ethylene glycol) copolymer into microspheres with excellent thermal property. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314526908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic hyperbranched rod-coil copolymer was synthesized by grafting linear poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) onto hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched poly (aryl ether ketone) (OH-HPAEK). The molecular structure, the number-average molecular weight and the thermal properties of HPAEK- block-PEG were confirmed and characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The microspheres of HPAEK- block-PEG were fabricated by the method of self-assembly, and the morphology and diameter of the obtained microspheres were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The heat-treated experimental results demonstrated that the polymer microspheres possessed excellent thermal property that could stably exist even if heated at 130°C for 10 h. In addition, the diameter of the microspheres can be easily controlled by just adjusting the concentration of the copolymer.
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20
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Ahmadjo S, Dehghani S, Zohuri GH, Nejabat GR, Jafarian H, Ahmadi M, Mortazavi SMM. Thermal Behavior of Polyethylene Reactor Alloys Polymerized by Ziegler-Natta/Late Transition Metal Hybrid Catalyst. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ahmadjo
- Polymerization Engineering Department; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); P.O. Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghani
- Polymerization Engineering Department; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); P.O. Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Zohuri
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Nejabat
- Polymerization Engineering Department; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); P.O. Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Jafarian
- Polymerization Engineering Department; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI); P.O. Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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Gao C, Li X, Jiang Z, Wei W, Wang G, Zhang S. Synthesis and gas transport properties of novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s with branched structure. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Gao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute; College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Li
- 529 Factory, Fifth Research Institute; Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute; College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute; College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute; College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute; College of Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
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22
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23
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Aromatic Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis and Application. POROUS CARBONS – HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS – POLYMER SOLVATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2014_294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Xiong JF, Wang QF, Peng P, Shi J, Wang ZY, Yang CL. Design, synthesis, and characterization of a potential flame retardant poly(lactic acid-co-pyrimidine-2,4,5,6-tetramine) via direct melt polycondensation. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-ling Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Guangdong Industry Technical College; Guangzhou 510300 People's Republic of China
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25
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Li Y, Chen C, Li J, Susan Sun X. Photoactivity of Poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites modulated by TiO2nanofillers. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Li
- Bio-materials and Technology Lab, Department of Grain Science and Industry; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas 66506
| | - Caihong Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas 66506
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas 66506
| | - Xiuzhi Susan Sun
- Bio-materials and Technology Lab, Department of Grain Science and Industry; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas 66506
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26
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Guo W, Li X, Wang H, Pang J, Wang G, Jiang Z, Zhang S. Synthesis of branched sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) copolymers and their proton exchange membrane properties. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Qian S, Mao H, Sheng K, Lu J, Luo Y, Hou C. Effect of low-concentration alkali solution pretreatment on the properties of bamboo particles reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Qian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Hailiang Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Kuichuan Sheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Yifan Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Congyu Hou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
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28
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Tang G, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang B, Song L, Hu Y, Gong X. Enhancement of Flame Retardant Performance of Bio-Based Polylactic Acid Composites with the Incorporation of Aluminum Hypophosphite and Expanded Graphite. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.742835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Xiong JF, Luo SH, Wang QF, Wang ZY, Qi J. Synthesis and characterization of a novel flame retardant, poly(lactic acid-co-3,3′-diaminobenzidine). Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2012.747156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Xiong
- a School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education , Guangzhou , 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- a School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education , Guangzhou , 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Qun-Fang Wang
- a School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education , Guangzhou , 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- a School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education , Guangzhou , 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- a School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education , Guangzhou , 510006 , P.R. China
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30
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Chang CJ, Hsieh SR, Wang CC, Hung TW, Hsieh CC. Surface-modified long-chain branching hyperbranched polymer for postsurgical anti-adhesion applications. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Feng Chia University; 100 Wenhwa Road; Seatwen, Taichung; 40724; Taiwan
| | | | | | - Tsung-Wei Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Feng Chia University; 100 Wenhwa Road; Seatwen, Taichung; 40724; Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiao Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Feng Chia University; 100 Wenhwa Road; Seatwen, Taichung; 40724; Taiwan
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31
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Zhang R, Xiao X, Tai Q, Huang H, Hu Y. Modification of lignin and its application as char agent in intumescent flame-retardant poly(lactic acid). POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Zhang R, Xiao X, Tai Q, Huang H, Yang J, Hu Y. The effect of different organic modified montmorillonites (OMMTs) on the thermal properties and flammability of PLA/MCAPP/lignin systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Xu D, Li X, Gao C, Jiang Z, Wang G, Zhang S. Development of an efficient route to hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone)s. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008311434562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A two-step route to an AB2 monomer that underwent polymerization via nucleophilic aromatic substitution to afford fluoro-terminated hyperbranched poly (aryl ether ketone)s (F-HPAEKs) was developed. The synthesis of 2,6-difluoro-4′-hydroxybenzophenone (AB2 monomer) was accomplished by the reaction of 2,6-difuorbenzoyl chloride with anisole, followed by deprotection of the phenolgroup with hydrobromide (HBr) in acetic acid. The polymerization of AB2 monomer in the presence of 4,4′-bis(2, 6-difluoro-benzoyl)diphenyl ether (B4 monomer) as a core molecule afforded F-HPAEKs with number-average molecular weights ranging from 5081 to 9964 Da and polydispersity index values ranging from 2.89 to 3.76. The presence of cyclic oligomeric species, formed by an intramolecular cyclization process, was a contributing factor to the relatively low molecular weights. The degree of branching (DB) of the HPAEK samples was estimated by a comparison of the 19F-NMR spectra of the polymer samples with those of a series of model compounds, and DB values ranging from 0.54 to 0.58 were determined. The glass transition temperatures for HPAEK samples were in the range of 157–176°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujie Li
- 529 Factory, Fifth Research Institute, Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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34
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Zhang R, Huang H, Yang W, Xiao X, Hu Y. Effect of zinc borate on the fire and thermal degradation behaviors of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)-containing intumescent flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Chang S, Zeng C, Yuan W, Ren J. Preparation and characterization of double-layered microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in poly(lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Kalita A, Kamrupi IR, Pokhrel B, Dolui SK. Polymer-supported heterogeneous titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst for ethylene polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Wang X, Xuan S, Song L, Yang H, Lu H, Hu Y. Synergistic Effect of POSS on Mechanical Properties, Flammability, and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polylactide Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.585334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- a State Key Lab of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
- b Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety , Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China , Suzhou , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Xuan
- a State Key Lab of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- a State Key Lab of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- a State Key Lab of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- a State Key Lab of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
- c Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , Key Laboratory of Powder and Energy Materials, Hefei University , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- a State Key Lab of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui , P.R. China
- b Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety , Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China , Suzhou , Jiangsu , P.R. China
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38
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Zhang C, Man C, Pan Y, Wang W, Jiang L, Dan Y. Toughening of polylactide with natural rubber grafted with poly(butyl acrylate). POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Study on flame-retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of intumescent flame-retardant polylactide systems. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Zou H, Wang L, Yi C, Gan H. Thermal properties and non-isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) blends. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Li Y, Chen C, Li J, Sun XS. Synthesis and characterization of bionanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and TiO2 nanowires by in situ polymerization. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Feng JX, Su SP, Zhu J. An intumescent flame retardant system using β
-cyclodextrin as a carbon source in polylactic acid (PLA). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Li Y, Susan Sun X. Mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposites from poly(lactic acid) and DDGS. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Li X, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhang C, Pang J, Mu J, Ma G, Wang G, Jiang Z. Study of blends of linear poly(ether ether ketone) of high melt viscosity and hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone). POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Chao TI, Xiang S, Lipstate JF, Wang C, Lu J. Poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted carbon nanotube scaffolds enhance differentiation of hESCs into neuronal cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3542-3547. [PMID: 20652898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-I Chao
- School of Engineering, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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