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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Bautista LS, Alnofaiy IA, De Vera MAT. Advancing Dimethacrylate Dental Composites by Synergy of Pre-Polymerized TEGDMA Co-Filler: A Physio-Mechanical Evaluation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:577. [PMID: 38132515 PMCID: PMC10741395 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) have gained immense popularity as filling material in direct dental restorations. They are highly valued for their ability to closely resemble natural teeth and withstand harsh oral conditions. To increase the clinical performance of dental restorations, various fillers are incorporated into DRCs. Herein, the effect of incorporating pre-polymerized triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (P-TEGDMA) as a co-filler in varying proportions (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight) into bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA)/TEGDMA/SiO2 resin composite was investigated. The obtained DRCs were examined for morphology, rheological properties, degree of crosslinking (DC), Vickers microhardness (VMH), thermal stability, and flexural strength (FS). The results revealed that SiO2 and P-TEGDMA particles were uniformly dispersed. The introduction of P-TEGDMA particles (2.5 wt.%) into the resin composite had a remarkable effect, leading to a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in complex viscosity, decreasing from 393.84 ± 21.65 Pa.s to 152.84 ± 23.94 Pa.s. As a result, the DC was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved from 61.76 ± 3.80% to 68.77 ± 2.31%. In addition, the composite mixture demonstrated a higher storage modulus (G') than loss modulus (G″), indicative of its predominantly elastic nature. Moreover, the thermal stability of the DRCs was improved with the addition of P-TEGDMA particles by increasing the degradation temperature from 410 °C to 440 °C. However, the VMH was negatively affected. The study suggests that P-TEGDMA particles have the potential to be used as co-fillers alongside other inorganic fillers, offering a means to fine-tune the properties of DRCs and optimize their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Leonel S. Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Ibraheem A. Alnofaiy
- Research Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.T.D.V.)
| | - Merry Angelyn Tan De Vera
- Research Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.T.D.V.)
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Glowacka-Sobotta A, Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Michalak M, Wysocki M, Güzel E, Sobotta L. Nanotechnology for Dentistry: Prospects and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2130. [PMID: 37513141 PMCID: PMC10383982 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries constitutes a great challenge. There are extensive studies on the implementation of nanomaterials to dental composites in order to improve their properties, e.g., their adhesive strength. Moreover, nanostructures are helpful in dental implant applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery for accelerated healing, promoting osseointegration, and others. Dental personal care products are an important part of oral medicine where nanomaterials are increasingly used, e.g., toothpaste for hypersensitivity. Nowadays, nanoparticles such as macrocycles are used in different formulations for early cancer diagnosis in the oral area. Cancer of the oral cavity-human squamous carcinoma-is the sixth leading cause of death. Detection in the early stage offers the best chance at total cure. Along with diagnosis, macrocycles are used for photodynamic mechanism-based treatments, which possess many advantages, such as protecting healthy tissues and producing good cosmetic results. Application of nanostructures in medicine carries potential risks, like long-term influence of toxicity on body, which need to be studied further. The introduction and development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials are no longer part of a hypothetical future, but an increasingly important element of today's medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Glowacka-Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Michalak
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emre Güzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Bautista LS, Haider S, De Vera MAT, Alshabib A. Fabrication of Novel Pre-Polymerized BisGMA/Silica Nanocomposites: Physio-Mechanical Considerations. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:323. [PMID: 37367287 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin composite mimics tooth tissues both in structure and properties, and thus, they can withstand high biting force and the harsh environmental conditions of the mouth. Various inorganic nano- and micro-fillers are commonly used to enhance these composites' properties. In this study, we adopted a novel approach by using pre-polymerized bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) ground particles (XL-BisGMA) as fillers in a BisGMA/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin system in combination with SiO2 nanoparticles. The BisGMA/TEGDMA/SiO2 mixture was filled with various concentrations of XL-BisGMA (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt.%). The XL-BisGMA added composites were evaluated for viscosity, degree of conversion (DC), microhardness, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that the addition of a lower concentration of XL-BisGMA particles (2.5 wt.%) significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the complex viscosity from 374.6 (Pa·s) to 170.84. (Pa·s). Similarly, DC was also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by the addition of 2.5 wt.% XL-BisGMA, with the pristine composite showing a DC of (62.19 ± 3.2%) increased to (69.10 ± 3.4%). Moreover, the decomposition temperature has been increased from 410 °C for the pristine composite (BT-SB0) to 450 °C for the composite with 10 wt.% of XL-BisGMA (BT-SB10). The microhardness has also been significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) from 47.44 HV for the pristine composite (BT-SB0) to 29.91 HV for the composite with 2.5 wt.% of XL-BisGMA (BT-SB2.5). These results suggest that a XL-BisGMA could be used to a certain percentage as a promising filler in combination with inorganic fillers to enhance the DC and flow properties of the corresponding resin-based dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonel S Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Ritto FP, da Silva EM, Borges ALS, Borges MAP, Sampaio-Filho HR. Fabrication and characterization of low-shrinkage dental composites containing montmorillonite nanoclay. Odontology 2021; 110:35-43. [PMID: 34156565 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dental composites are aesthetic materials widely used in Dentistry for replacing hard dental tissues lost due to caries or traumas. The aim of this study was to fabricate low-shrinkage dental composite charged with nanoclay fillers (montmorillonite Cloisite®-MMT) and evaluate their cytotoxicity and physicomechanical properties. Four dental composites were produced from the same organic matrix: Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (30 wt.%). The filler system was constituted of BaSi, SiO2, and MMT in the following concentrations (wt.%): 93.8/6.2/0, 89.1/5.9/5, 86.7/5.8/7.5, and 84.4/5.6/10 (E0: 0; E5: 5%; E7.5: 7.5%; E10: 10% of MMT nanoclays). The following properties were tested: in vitro cytotoxicity, flexural strength, elastic modulus, volumetric shrinkage, water sorption, water solubility, and hygroscopic expansion. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize composites' topography. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). MMT nanoclays did not affect the cytotoxicity. E5 and E7.5 groups showed a significant decrease in polymerization shrinkage while maintained the overall physicomechanical properties. The inclusion of 5 and 7.5 wt.% of MMT nanoclays allowed the fabrication of dental composites with low cytotoxicity and low polymerization shrinkage, without jeopardizing the overall behaviour of their physicomechanical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption, water solubility, and hygroscopic expansion). These aspects suggest that the usage of MMT nanoclays could be an effective strategy to formulate new dental composites with clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pitta Ritto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Antônio Paraizo Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, IOPUC, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 389-Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-047, Brazil.
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Kekevi B, Mert EH. Synthesis of
β
‐myrcene
‐based macroporous nanocomposite foams: Altering the morphological and mechanical properties by using
organo‐modified
nanoclay. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kekevi
- Yalova Community College, Material and Material Processing Department Yalova University Yalova Turkey
| | - Emine Hilal Mert
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Yalova University Yalova Turkey
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Encalada-Alayola JJ, Veranes-Pantoja Y, Uribe-Calderón JA, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Cervantes-Uc JM. Effect of Type and Concentration of Nanoclay on the Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Bis-GMA/TTEGDMA Dental Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E601. [PMID: 32155803 PMCID: PMC7182935 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis-GMA/TTEGDMA-based resin composites were prepared with two different types of nanoclays: an organically modified laminar clay (Cloisite® 30B, montmorillonite, MMT) and a microfibrous clay (palygorskite, PLG). Their physicochemical and mechanical properties were then determined. Both MMT and PLG nanoclays were added into monomer mixture (1:1 ratio) at different loading levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt.%), and the resulting composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and mechanical testing (bending and compressive properties). Thermal properties, depth of cure and water absorption were not greatly affected by the type of nanoclay, while the mechanical properties of dental resin composites depended on both the variety and concentration of nanoclay. In this regard, composites containing MMT displayed higher mechanical strength (both flexural and compression) than those resins prepared with PLG due to a poor nanoclay dispersion as revealed by SEM. Solubility of the composites was dependent not only on nanoclay-type but also the mineral concentration. Dental composites fulfilled the minimum depth cure and solubility criteria set by the ISO 4049 standard. In contrast, the minimum bending strength (50 MPa) established by the international standard was only satisfied by the dental resins containing MMT. Based on these results, composites containing either MMT or PLG (at low filler contents) are potentially suitable for use in dental restorative resins, although those prepared with MMT displayed better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Encalada-Alayola
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo C.P. Mérida 97205, Mexico; (J.J.E.-A.); (J.A.U.-C.); (J.V.C.-R.)
| | - Y. Veranes-Pantoja
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida Universidad, s/n, e/G y Ronda, C.P. La Habana 10600, Cuba;
| | - J. A. Uribe-Calderón
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo C.P. Mérida 97205, Mexico; (J.J.E.-A.); (J.A.U.-C.); (J.V.C.-R.)
| | - J. V. Cauich-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo C.P. Mérida 97205, Mexico; (J.J.E.-A.); (J.A.U.-C.); (J.V.C.-R.)
| | - J. M. Cervantes-Uc
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo C.P. Mérida 97205, Mexico; (J.J.E.-A.); (J.A.U.-C.); (J.V.C.-R.)
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Nikolaidis A, Vouzara T, Koulaouzidou E. Pit and fissure nanocomposite sealants reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite: A study of their mechanical properties, surface roughness and color stability. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:773-783. [PMID: 31932550 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of the different organically modified nanoclays on clinically significant properties of new synthesized dental pit and fissure nanocomposite sealants. Their morphological characteristics were examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A universal testing machine was used to conduct the flexural and compression tests. Surface roughness measurements were taken by using a 3D-optical profilometer. Color changes after aging in black tea were determined by recording UV-visible spectra. XRD plots depicted possible structures governed by intercalated regions along with some "tactoids" nanoparticles. SEM images revealed a better dispersion for the methacrylated clay nanofiller. Flexural modulus and microhardness were found to be higher for sealants reinforced with such polymerizable nanoclays. These specific nanocomposites yielded smoother surfaces, as well as clinically accepted color changes even after 1 week aging in black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues' Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki
| | - Triantafyllia Vouzara
- Division of Dental Tissues' Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki
| | - Elisabeth Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues' Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki
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Synthesis and Characterization of Dental Nanocomposite Resins Filled with Different Clay Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040730. [PMID: 31013632 PMCID: PMC6524204 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology comprises a promising approach towards the update of dental materials.The present study focuses on the reinforcement ofdental nanocomposite resins with diverse organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanofillers. The aim is to investigate whether the presence of functional groups in the chemical structure of the nanoclay organic modifier may virtually influence the physicochemical and/or the mechanical attitude of the dental resin nanocomposites. The structure and morphology of the prepared materials were investigated by means of wide angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the variation of the degree of conversion over time. Measurements of polymerization shrinkage and mechanical properties were conducted with a linear variable displacement transducer apparatus and a dynamometer, respectively. All the obtained nanocomposites revealed intercalated structures and most of them had an extensive filler distribution into the polymer matrix. Polymerization kinetics werefound to be influenced by the variance of the clay organomodifier, whilenanoclays with vinyl groups considerably increased the degree of conversion. Polymerization shrinkage was almost limited up to 50% by incorporating nanoclays. The absence of reactive groups in the OMMT structure may retain setting contraction atlow levels. An enhancement of the flexural modulus was observed, mainly by using clay nanoparticles decorated with methacrylated groups, along with a decrease in the flexural strength at a high filler loading. The overall best performance was found for the nanocomposites with OMMTs containing double bonds. The significance of the current work relies on providing novel information about chemical interactions phenomena between nanofillers and the organic matrix towards the improvement of dental restorative materials.
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Effect of nanoclay addition on physical, chemical, optical and biological properties of experimental dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2017; 33:271-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Evaluation of polymerization shrinkage in dental restorative experimental composites based: BisGMA/TEGDMA, filled with MMT. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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