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Yu CF, Rwei SP, Yang SJ, Tsen WC, Lin LH. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(DL-lactide) Containing Fluorene Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112555. [PMID: 37299353 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPF) hydroxyl groups (-OH) were used as initiators in the ring-opening polymerization reaction with DL-lactide monomers at different molar ratios to synthesize a Poly(DL-lactide) polymer containing bisphenol fluorene structure and acrylate functional groups (DL-BPF). The polymer's structure and molecular weight range were analyzed using NMR (1H, 13C) and gel permeation chromatography. DL-BPF was then subjected to photocrosslinking using the photoinitiator Omnirad 1173, resulting in the formation of an optically transparent crosslinked polymer. Characterization of the crosslinked polymer involved analyzing its gel content, refractive index, thermal stability (via differential scanning thermometry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), as well as conducting cytotoxicity tests. The crosslinked copolymer exhibited a maximum refractive index of 1.5276, a maximum glass transition temperature of 61.1 °C, and cell survival rates higher than 83% in the cytotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fu Yu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Jim Yang
- Department of Aeronautical and Opto-Mechatronic Engineering, Vanung University, Taoyuan 320313, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Tsen
- Graduate School of Fabric Technology Management, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 243083, Taiwan
| | - Li-Huei Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Taoyuan 320313, Taiwan
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Effects of Charge Density on Photophysics and Aggregation Behavior of Anionic Fluorene-Arylene Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030258. [PMID: 30966293 PMCID: PMC6414976 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three anionic fluorene-based alternating conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been synthesized that have 9,9-bis(4-phenoxy-butylsulfonate) fluorene-2,7-diyl and 1,4-phenylene (PBS-PFP), 4,4′-biphenylene (PBS-PFP2), or 4,4″-p-terphenylene (PBS-PFP3) groups, and the effect of the length of the oligophenylene spacer on their aggregation and photophysics has been studied. All form metastable dispersions in water, but can be solubilized using methanol, acetonitrile, or dioxane as cosolvents. This leads to increases in their emission intensities and blue shifts in fluorescence maxima due to break-up of aggregates. In addition, the emission maximum shifts to the blue and the loss of vibronic structure are observed when the number of phenylene rings is increased. Debsity Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this is due to increasing conformational flexibility as the number of phenylene rings increases. This is supported by increasing amplitude in the fast component in the fluorescence decay. The nonionic surfactant n-dodecylpentaoxyethylene glycol ether (C12E5) also breaks up aggregates, as seen by changes in fluorescence intensity and maximum. However, the loss in vibrational structure is less pronounced in this case, possibly due to a more rigid environment in the mixed surfactant-CPE aggregates. Further information on the aggregates formed with C12E5 was obtained by electrical conductivity measurements, which showed an initial increase in specific conductivity upon addition of surfactants, while at higher surfactant/CPE molar ratios a plateau was observed. The specific conductance in the plateau region decreased in the order PBS-PFP3 < PBS-PFP2 < PBS-PFP, in agreement with the change in charge density on the CPE. The reverse process of aggregate formation has been studied by injecting small volumes of solutions of CPEs dissolved at the molecular level in a good solvent system (50% methanol-water) into the poor solvent, water. Aggregation was monitored by changes in both fluorescence and light scattering. The rate of aggregation increases with hydrophobicity and concentration of sodium chloride but is only weakly dependent on temperature.
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Singh P, Medronho B, Valente AJM, Miguel MG, Lindman B. Exploring the prebiotic effect of cyclodextrins on probiotic bacteria entrapped in carboxymetyl cellulose-chitosan particles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 168:156-162. [PMID: 29307721 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work the prebiotic effect of different cyclodextrins, CDs, on the viability of model probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) encapsulated in carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan (CMC-Cht) hybrid particles was studied. All the CDs tested were observed to considerably improve the viability (quantitatively like common prebiotics, such as corn starch) and encapsulation efficiency when compared to the CD-free particles, as inferred by plate counting method and fluorescence microscopy. The SEM data suggests that the morphology of the particles, the roughness of the surface and porosity, are dependent on the type of CD and may reflect different interactions between the CDs and the matrix components. The aging and stability of the samples with and without β-CD were further evaluated. Remarkably, the viability count of the CD-doped samples was still reasonably high after one month storage at room temperature with acceptable values for practical uses. Moreover, when the CMC-Cht particles were exposed to in vitro simulated digestion fluids, the cell survival was much enhanced when the particles contained β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- CQC, University of Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Medronho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (MeditBio), Ed. 8, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Artur J M Valente
- CQC, University of Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria G Miguel
- CQC, University of Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Björn Lindman
- FSCN, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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Martelo LM, das Neves TFP, Figueiredo J, Marques L, Fedorov A, Charas A, Berberan-Santos MN, Burrows HD. Towards the Development of a Low-Cost Device for the Detection of Explosives Vapors by Fluorescence Quenching of Conjugated Polymers in Solid Matrices. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112532. [PMID: 29099776 PMCID: PMC5712976 DOI: 10.3390/s17112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have proved to be promising chemosensory materials for detecting nitroaromatic explosives vapors, as they quickly convert a chemical interaction into an easily-measured high-sensitivity optical output. The nitroaromatic analytes are strongly electron-deficient, whereas the conjugated polymer sensing materials are electron-rich. As a result, the photoexcitation of the CP is followed by electron transfer to the nitroaromatic analyte, resulting in a quenching of the light-emission from the conjugated polymer. The best CP in our studies was found to be poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-bithiophene] (F8T2). It is photostable, has a good absorption between 400 and 450 nm, and a strong and structured fluorescence around 550 nm. Our studies indicate up to 96% quenching of light-emission, accompanied by a marked decrease in the fluorescence lifetime, upon exposure of the films of F8T2 in ethyl cellulose to nitrobenzene (NB) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) vapors at room temperature. The effects of the polymeric matrix, plasticizer, and temperature have been studied, and the morphology of films determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We have used ink jet printing to produce sensor films containing both sensor element and a fluorescence reference. In addition, a high dynamic range, intensity-based fluorometer, using a laser diode and a filtered photodiode was developed for use with this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Martelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - João Figueiredo
- Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lino Marques
- Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alexander Fedorov
- Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Charas
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mário N Berberan-Santos
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Koenen N, Scherf U. Chain Length Dependent Excited-State Decay Processes of Diluted PF2/6 Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7370-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4017163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra,
Portugal
| | | | - Niels Koenen
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußtraße
20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ulli Scherf
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußtraße
20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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