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Wang T, Chu Y, Li X, Liu Y, Luo H, Zhou D, Deng F, Song X, Lu G, Yu J. Zeolites as a Class of Semiconductors for High-Performance Electrically Transduced Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5342-5352. [PMID: 36812430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites are widely used as catalysts and adsorbents in the chemical industry, but their potential for electronic devices has been stunted to date, as they are commonly recognized as electronic insulators. Here, we have for the first time demonstrated that Na-type ZSM-5 zeolites are ultrawide-direct-band-gap semiconductors based on optical spectroscopy, variable-temperature current-voltage characteristics, and photoelectric effect as well as electronic structure theoretical calculations and further unraveled the band-like charge transport mechanism in electrically conductive zeolites. The increase in charge-compensating Na+ cations in Na-ZSM-5 decreases the band gap and affects its density of states, shifting the Fermi level close to the conduction band. Remarkably, the semiconducting Na-ZSM-5 zeolites have been first applied for constructing electrically transduced sensors that can sense trace-level (77 ppb) ammonia with unprecedentedly high sensitivity, negligible cross-sensitivity, and high stability under moisture ambient conditions compared with conventional semiconducting materials and conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The charge density difference shows that the massive electron transfer between NH3 molecules and Na+ cations ascribed to Lewis acid sites enables electrically transduced chemical sensing. This work opens a new era of zeolites in applications of sensing, optics, and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yueying Chu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yinghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neto
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Antonio Sousa
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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