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Ni HQ, Karunananda MK, Zeng T, Yang S, Liu Z, Houk KN, Liu P, Engle KM. Redox-Paired Alkene Difunctionalization Enables Skeletally Divergent Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37220422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multistep organic synthesis enables conversion of simple chemical feedstocks into a more structurally complex product that serves a particular function. The target compound is forged over several steps, with concomitant generation of byproducts in each step to account for underlying mechanistic features of the reactions (e.g., redox processes). To map structure-function relationships, libraries of molecules are often needed, and these are typically prepared by iterating an established multistep synthetic sequence. An underdeveloped approach is designing organic reactions that generate multiple valuable products with different carbogenic skeletons in a single synthetic operation. Taking inspiration from paired electrosynthesis processes that are widely used in commodity chemical production (e.g., conversion of glucose to sorbitol and gluconic acid), we report a palladium-catalyzed reaction that converts a single alkene starting material into two skeletally distinct products in a single operation through a series of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming events enabled by mutual oxidation and reduction, a process that we term redox-paired alkene difunctionalization. We demonstrate the scope of the method in enabling simultaneous access to reductively 1,2-diarylated and oxidatively [3 + 2]-annulated products, and we explore the mechanistic details of this unique catalytic system using a combination of experimental techniques and density functional theory (DFT). The results described herein establish a distinct approach to small-molecule library synthesis that can increase the rate of compound production. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate how a single transition-metal catalyst can mediate a sophisticated redox-paired process through multiple pathway-selective events along the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Malkanthi K Karunananda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shenghua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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2
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Wang FS, Lin SH, Zheng GH, Li MH, Cheng YC, Peng CH. Coordination of Azobisisobutyronitrile with Cobalt Complexes in Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization Disclosed by Linear Correlation between the Equilibrium Constant and Half-Wave Potential. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Li
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Abdollahi M, Akbari Hajiataloo M. Radical polymerization of butadiene mediated by molecular iodine: a kinetic study of solution homopolymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Abdollahi M, Akbari Hajiataloo M. Radical polymerization of butadiene mediated by molecular iodine: A comprehensive kinetic study on solution copolymerization with acrylonitrile. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Moad G. A Critical Assessment of the Kinetics and Mechanism of Initiation of Radical Polymerization with Commercially Available Dialkyldiazene Initiators. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pietrasik J, Budzałek K, Zhang Y, Hałagan K, Kozanecki M. Macromolecular Templates for Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pietrasik
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Budzałek
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Hałagan
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozanecki
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
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Preparation, morphology and gas permeation properties of carbon dioxide-selective vinyl acetate-based Polymer/Poly(ethylene oxide-b-amide 6) blend membranes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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ω-Iodinated poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a chain transfer agent in iodine transfer radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and dibutyl maleate: synthesis and structural characterization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Reverse iodine transfer radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and dibutyl maleate: synthesis and characterization of alternating and block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Hui J, Shi Y, Li T, Wu J, Fu Z. Reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) of chloroprene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that the polymerization of CP was well-controlled at a low temperature (50 °C) in benzene in the presence of ABVN as initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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Farrokhi M, Abdollahi M. Preparation of poly(vinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate)/ sodium-montmorillonite nanocomposite via in situ reverse iodine transfer radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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