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Whba R, Su'ait MS, Whba F, Sahinbay S, Altin S, Ahmad A. Intrinsic challenges and strategic approaches for enhancing the potential of natural rubber and its derivatives: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133796. [PMID: 39004255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) and its derivatives play indispensable roles in various industries due to their unique properties and versatile applications. However, the widespread utilization of NR faces intrinsic challenges such as limited mechanical strength, poor resistance to heat and organic solvent, poor electrical conductivity, and low compatibility with other materials, prompting researchers to explore enhancing its performance. Modified NRs (MNRs) like cyclization, deproteinization, chlorination, epoxidation, or grafting NR demonstrated a few enhanced merits compared to NR. However, various strategies, such as blending, vulcanization, crosslinking, grafting, plasticization, reinforcement, and nanostructuring, overcame most drawbacks. This review comprehensively examines these challenges and delves into the modification strategies employed to enhance the properties and expand the applications of NR and its derivatives. Furthermore, the review explores future visions for the NR industry, emphasizing integrating advanced modification techniques, adopting sustainable practices, and promoting circular economy principles. By elucidating the inherent challenges, outlining effective modification strategies, and envisioning future trajectories, this review provides valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate and contribute to the sustainable development of the NR sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawdah Whba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen; Department of Engineering Physics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Mohd Sukor Su'ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fathyah Whba
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen
| | - Sevda Sahinbay
- Istanbul Technical University, Physics Department, Bebek, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serdar Altin
- Physics Department, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University (Campus C), Mulyorejo Road, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
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Lipatova IM, Losev NV. The influence of the combined impact of shear stress and cavitation on the structure and properties of starch-natural rubber composite. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121852. [PMID: 38368078 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we examined a high-performance, environmentally friendly method for producing composite films based on starch and natural rubber latex (NR). To increase the compatibility of the components, the casting dispersions were subjected to short-term (10 s) mechanical activation in a rotor-stator device. Using the rotational viscosimetry method, it was found that mechanical activation reduces the structuring degree and the effective viscosity of the casting dispersions. The composite films with the NR content of 0-30 % were characterized using optical and SEM microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile, and moisture resistance testing data. When the NR content increases from 0 to 30 %, the elongation at break increased by 570 % and 950 % for films obtained using mechanical activation and without it, respectively. The extremely high increase in film tensile strength (on average by 155 %) and the decrease in the NR extractability with toluene due to the use of mechanical activation indicate the possibility of mechanically induced formation of an in situ copolymer at the starch-NR interface. The developed method can be recommended for large-scale production of composite starch-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Lipatova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russia.
| | - N V Losev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russia
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Abstract
The food packaging sector generates large volumes of plastic waste due to the high demand for packaged products with a short shelf-life. Biopolymers such as starch-based materials are a promising alternative to non-renewable resins, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly food packaging alternative for single-use products. This article provides a chronology of the development of starch-based materials for food packaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the challenges faced in processing these materials using conventional processing techniques for thermoplastics and other emerging techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. The improvement of the performance of starch-based materials by blending with other biopolymers, use of micro- and nano-sized reinforcements, and chemical modification of starch is discussed. Finally, an overview of recent developments of these materials in smart food packaging is given.
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Aldas M, Ferri JM, Lopez‐Martinez J, Samper MD, Arrieta MP. Effect of pine resin derivatives on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Mater‐Bi type bioplastic. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aldas
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y AgroindustriaEscuela Politécnica Nacional 170517 Quito Ecuador
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València 03801 Alcoy‐Alicante Spain
| | - J. M. Ferri
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València 03801 Alcoy‐Alicante Spain
| | - J. Lopez‐Martinez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València 03801 Alcoy‐Alicante Spain
| | - M. D. Samper
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València 03801 Alcoy‐Alicante Spain
| | - M. P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid Spain
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Prochoń M, Marzec A, Szadkowski B. Preparation and Characterization of New Environmentally Friendly Starch-Cellulose Materials Modified with Casein or Gelatin for Agricultural Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101684. [PMID: 31126141 PMCID: PMC6567287 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to prepare new biodegradable starch-cellulose composites, with starch, using casein and gelatin as natural nutrients. The physico-chemical properties of the starch films and cellulose fabrics with starch coatings were studied by Fourier transformation infrared analysis, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, swelling tests, mechanical tests, thermal analysis thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The susceptibility of the starch films to biodegradation was investigated, together with their resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. As a result of the formation of the starch films, both the casein and gelatin macromolecules were able to interact directly with the starch matrix and the fractions of unbranched amylose and branched amylopectin it contained. This interaction was visible as changes in the absorption bands of the polar groups, as revealed by infrared analysis. Spectral analysis of the cellulose fabrics coated with starch films suggests that hydrogen bridges formed between the micelles of long cellulose filaments and the micro and macro-fibers of the starch pectins. An applicative test revealed that when used as a covering for bean cultivation the cellulose-starch composites act as a fertilizing component, contributing to significantly improved growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in comparison to the use of unmodified cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Prochoń
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Marzec
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bolesław Szadkowski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Kargarzadeh H, Mariano M, Huang J, Lin N, Ahmad I, Dufresne A, Thomas S. Recent developments on nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites: A review. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ramírez-Hernández A, Aparicio-Saguilán A, Reynoso-Meza G, Carrillo-Ahumada J. Multi-objective optimization of process conditions in the manufacturing of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) starch/natural rubber films. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1125-1133. [PMID: 27987814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-objective optimization was used to evaluate the effect of adding banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) starch and natural rubber (cis-1,4-poliisopreno) at different ratios (1-13w/w) to the manufacturing process of biodegradable films, specifically the effect on the biodegradability, crystallinity and moisture of the films. A structural characterization of the films was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and SEM, moisture and biodegradability properties were studied. The models obtained showed that degradability vs. moisture tend to be inversely proportional and crystallinity vs. degradability tend to be directly proportional. With respect to crystallinity vs. moisture behavior, it is observed that crystallinity remains constant when moisture values remain between 27 and 41%. Beyond this value there is an exponential increase in crystallinity. These results allow for predictions on the mechanical behavior that can occur in starch/rubber films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramírez-Hernández
- Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Colonia Parque Industrial, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca 68301, Mexico
| | - A Aparicio-Saguilán
- Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Colonia Parque Industrial, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca 68301, Mexico
| | - G Reynoso-Meza
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEPS), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J Carrillo-Ahumada
- Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Colonia Parque Industrial, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca 68301, Mexico.
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Novel ternary blends of natural rubber/linear low-density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch: influence of epoxide level of epoxidized natural rubber on blend properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-016-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mariano M, El Kissi N, Dufresne A. Cellulose nanocrystal reinforced oxidized natural rubber nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gandini A, Lacerda TM, Carvalho AJF, Trovatti E. Progress of Polymers from Renewable Resources: Furans, Vegetable Oils, and Polysaccharides. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1637-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gandini
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, CEP 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita M. Lacerda
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, CEP 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J. F. Carvalho
- Department
of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, CEP 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Trovatti
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, CEP 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Geckeler KE. In Memoriam: Professor François Schué, 1938-2014. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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