1
|
Mastrangelo R, Resta C, Carretti E, Fratini E, Baglioni P. Sponge-like Cryogels from Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Structure, Porosity, and Diffusional Gel Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46428-46439. [PMID: 37515546 PMCID: PMC10561144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous gels find application in several scientific fields, ranging from art restoration to wastewater filtration or cell entrapment. In this work, two-component sponge-like cryogels are challenged to assess their cleaning performances and to investigate how pores size and connectivity affect physico-chemical properties. The gels were obtained through a freeze-thaw process, exploiting a spontaneous polymer-polymer phase-separation occurring in the pre-gel solution. During the freezing step, a highly hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (H-PVA) forms the hydrogel walls. The secondary components, namely a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (L-PVA) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), act as modular porogens, being partially extracted during gel washing. H-PVA/L-PVA and H-PVA/PVP mixtures were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy to unveil sols and gels morphology at the micron-scale, while small angle X-ray scattering was used to get insights about characteristic dimensions at the nanoscale. The gelation mechanism was investigated through rheology measurements, and the characteristic exponents were compared to De Gennes' scaling laws gathered from percolation. In the field of art conservation, these sponge-like gels are ideal systems for the cleaning of artistic painted surfaces. Their interconnected pores allow the diffusion of cleaning fluids at the painted interface, facilitating dirt uptake and/or detachment. This study uncovered a direct relationship linking a gel's cleaning performance to its apparent tortuosity. These findings can pave the way to fine-tuning systems with enhanced cleaning abilities, not restricted to the restoration of irreplaceable priceless works of art, but with possible application in diverse research fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Mastrangelo
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Resta
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Emiliano Carretti
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo Q, Yang W, Liu H, Wang W, Ge Z, Yuan Z. An aquatic biomimetic butterfly soft robot driven by deformable photo-responsive hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7370-7378. [PMID: 37740388 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from the locomotor behaviors of a butterfly, we have developed an underwater soft robot that imitates its movements. This biomimetic robot is constructed using a deformable photo-responsive material that exhibits high biological compatibility and impressive deformation capabilities in response to external stimuli. First, we investigate composite materials consisting of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Then, using photocuring printing technology, we successfully fabricate a biomimetic butterfly soft robot utilizing these composite materials. The robot is driven by visible light, enabling it to achieve periodic wing movement and fly upward at an average speed of 3.63 mm s-1. In addition, the robot achieves additional functionalities such as flying over obstacles and carrying small objects during the ascending flight. These outcomes have a significant impact on the advancement of flexible biomimetic robots and offer valuable insights for the research of biomimetic robots driven by visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Guo
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Huibin Liu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Zhixing Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yuan
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang S, Xu Z, Zhao T, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Emulsion-templated, hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic PVA aerogels with enhanced mechanical property. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Synergistic effect of type and concentration of surfactant and diluting solvent on the morphology of emulsion templated matrices developed as tissue engineering scaffolds. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Kovačič JM, Ciringer T, Ambrožič-Dolinšek J, Kovačič S. Use of Emulsion-Templated, Highly Porous Polyelectrolytes for In Vitro Germination of Chickpea Embryos: a New Substrate for Soilless Cultivation. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3452-3457. [PMID: 35801938 PMCID: PMC9364313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The application of highly porous and 3D interconnected
microcellular
polyelectrolyte polyHIPE (PE-PH) monoliths based on (3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium
chloride as soilless cultivation substrates for in vitro embryo culture
is discussed. The embryo axes isolated from chickpea seeds are inoculated
onto the surface of the monoliths and allowed to germinate. Germination
study show that the newly disclosed PE-PH substrate performs much
better than the conventionally used agar as the germination percentage,
shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight as well as the number
of leaves are enhanced. The PE-PHs exhibit a higher absorption capacity
of the plant growth medium, that is, 36 g·g–1 compared to agar, that is, 20 g·g–1, and
also survive autoclaving conditions without failing. The key advantage
over standard agar substrates is that they can be reused several times
and also without prior sterilization. These results suggest that PE-PHs
with exceptional absorption/retention properties and robustness have
great potential as soilless substrates for in vitro plant cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janja Majer Kovačič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Terezija Ciringer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška Cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Zhou C, Li C, Han Y, Bai Y, Xu K, Chi H, Liu Y, Huang X, Wang C, Zhang F, Wang X, Wang J, Wang P. Oil-in-water high-internal-phase poly(styrene-acrylate) Pickering emulsions and their applications as waterborne damping coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Polysaccharide-based, emulsion-templated, porous poly(urethane urea)s: Composition, catalysis, cell growth. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Israel S, Levin M, Oliel S, Mayer D, Lerner I, Silverstein MS. Hierarchical Porosity in Emulsion-Templated, Porogen-Containing Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: Hyper-Cross-Linking and Carbonization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michal Levin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sapir Oliel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dahiana Mayer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Idan Lerner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Zhang T, Lu J, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Emulsion-Templated, Magnetic, Hydrophilic-Oleophobic Composites for Controlled Water Removal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1422-1431. [PMID: 35034443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion-templated, hydrophilic-oleophobic porous materials are promising for the removal of a small amount of water from oil-water mixtures, but the maneuver and complete collection of these porous materials are challenging. Herein, we report the fabrication of magnetic, hydrophilic-oleophobic polyHIPE composites from reactive Fe3O4 nanoparticle-stabilized high internal phase emulsions through simultaneous bulk polymerization of water-soluble monomers and interface-catalyzed polycondensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane. The resulting composites were hydrophilic-oleophobic, with water droplets rapidly absorbed (within 20 s), and exhibited designable magnetic responsiveness. The hydrophilicity-oleophobicity enabled water to be removed through selective absorption from oil-water mixtures (including surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions), with a high separation rate over 99%. The magnetic-responsiveness enabled both the dry and the swollen composites to be maneuvered in a remote and contactless manner and to be fully collected. Therefore, the magnetic, hydrophilic-oleophobic polyHIPE composites are excellent candidates for the removal of water from water-oil mixtures with complete collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jintao Lu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang T, Cao H, Gui H, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Microphase-separated, magnetic macroporous polymers with amphiphilic swelling from emulsion templating. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PolyHIPEs are promising for various applications associated with liquid uptakes. PolyHIPEs from a reactive, monomeric block copolymer can exhibit amphiphilic swelling, but such swelling usually tends to disappear upon copolymerization...
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu J, Gao G, Liu R, Cheng C, Zhang T, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Emulsion-templated porous polymers: drying condition-dependent properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9653-9663. [PMID: 34633025 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous materials templated using high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are promising for various applications. To date, new strategies to create emulsion-templated porous materials and to tune their properties (especially wetting properties) are still highly required. Here, we report the fabrication of macroporous polymers from oil-in-water HIPEs, bereft of conventional monomers and crosslinking monomers, by simultaneous ring-opening polymerization and interface-catalyzed condensation, without heating or removal of oxygen. The resulting macroporous polymers showed drying condition-dependent wetting properties (e.g., hydrophilicity-oleophilicity from freezing drying, hydrophilicity-oleophobicity from vacuum drying, and amphiphobicity from heat drying), densities (from 0.019 to 0.350 g cc-1), and compressive properties. Hydrophilic-oleophilic and amphiphobic porous polymers turned hydrophilic-oleophobic simply by heating and protonation, respectively. The hydrophilic-oleophobic porous polymers could remove a small amount of water from oil-water mixtures (including surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions) by selective absorption and could remove water-soluble dyes from oil-water mixtures. Moreover, the transition in wetting properties enabled the removal of water and dyes in a controlled manner. The feature that combines simply preparation, tunable wetting properties and densities, robust compression, high absorption capacity (rate) and controllable absorption makes the porous polymers to be excellent candidates for the removal of water and water-soluble dyes from oil-water mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Lu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guohong Gao
- Jiangsu Guowang High-Technique Fiber Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215228, China
| | - Riping Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chen Cheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Jiangsu Guowang High-Technique Fiber Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215228, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Berezovska I, Sanguramath RA, Silverstein MS. β‐Cyclodextrin‐based macroporous monoliths: One‐pot oil‐in‐oil emulsion templating and adsorption. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Berezovska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | | | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Onder OC, Utroša P, Caserman S, Podobnik M, Žagar E, Pahovnik D. Preparation of Synthetic Polypeptide–PolyHIPE Hydrogels with Stimuli-Responsive Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Can Onder
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Utroša
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Caserman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Horowitz A, Shaul G, Silverstein MS. One‐pot emulsion templating for simultaneous hydrothermal carbonization and hydrogel synthesis: porous structures, nitrogen contents and activation. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Horowitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Gil Shaul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Michael S Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Horowitz R, Lamson M, Cohen O, Fu TB, Cuthbert J, Matyjaszewski K, Silverstein MS. Highly efficient and tunable miktoarm stars for HIPE stabilization and polyHIPE synthesis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
16
|
Emulsion-templated macroporous ammonium based polymers: Synthesis and dye adsorption study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
17
|
RAFT polymerization within high internal phase emulsions: Porous structures, mechanical behaviors, and uptakes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Kapilov-Buchman K, Bialystocki T, Niezni D, Perry L, Levenberg S, Silverstein MS. Porous polycaprolactone and polycarbonate poly(urethane urea)s via emulsion templating: structures, properties, cell growth. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous, emulsion-templated, linear poly(urethane urea) elastomers were synthesized from polyols (poly(ε-caprolactone)s or polycarbonates) and a diisocyanate. Growing cells adhered to the walls, spread, and penetrated into the porous structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katya Kapilov-Buchman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Tslil Bialystocki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Danna Niezni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Luba Perry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Highly porous polyelectrolyte beads through multiple-emulsion-templating: Synthesis and organic solvent drying efficiency. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Jurjevec S, Žagar E, Kovačič S. Functional macroporous amphoteric polyelectrolyte monoliths with tunable structures and properties through emulsion-templated synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:480-488. [PMID: 32413794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Macroporous polyampholyte hydrogels, simultaneously bearing both the anionic and cationic groups, demonstrate immense promise over the one-sign charged polyelectrolytes, owing to a unique phenomenon known as the ˝anti-polyelectrolyte˝ effect. Thus, they are extremely promising materials, since they remain solvated and functional even in harsh conditions. Furthermore, macroporous morphology significantly enhances polyampholyte response to external stimuli, since it accelerates the solvent transport through the hydrogel. EXPERIMENTS A new templated-synthesis through "HIPE mixtures" is reported, where the two pre-formed high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) containing the oppositely charged monomers (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) were combined in the same mould, which after polymerization result in the formation of macroporous monoliths of different structures. The resulting frameworks were either copolymer or dual homopolymers in the form of bilayered or mixed porous structures. FINDINGS The co- and mixed-amphoteric polyelectrolytes exhibit 'anti-polyelectrolyte' behaviour typical of polyampholytes, while the bilayered-structure behaves like a typical polyelectrolyte. Complete and simultaneous removal of both dyes from a dye mixture was observed for the bilayered- and mixed-amphoteric polyelectrolyte, while copoly-ampholyte showed only partial dye adsorption. These results clearly reveal the benefits of a mutual combination of the HIPE-templated structure and the oppositely charged amphoteric nature in one-piece material as a promising avenue toward advanced materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jurjevec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Polymer crystallization under dual confinement of High internal phase emulsion templated crosslinked polymer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
23
|
Aldemir Dikici B, Claeyssens F. Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:875. [PMID: 32903473 PMCID: PMC7435020 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate critical size defects, which cannot heal naturally, by using highly porous matrices called TE scaffolds made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. There are various manufacturing techniques commonly used to fabricate TE scaffolds. However, in most cases, they do not provide materials with a highly interconnected pore design. Thus, emulsion templating is a promising and convenient route for the fabrication of matrices with up to 99% porosity and high interconnectivity. These matrices have been used for various application areas for decades. Although this polymer structuring technique is older than TE itself, the use of polymerised internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs) in TE is relatively new compared to other scaffold manufacturing techniques. It is likely because it requires a multidisciplinary background including materials science, chemistry and TE although producing emulsion templated scaffolds is practically simple. To date, a number of excellent reviews on emulsion templating have been published by the pioneers in this field in order to explain the chemistry behind this technique and potential areas of use of the emulsion templated structures. This particular review focusses on the key points of how emulsion templated scaffolds can be fabricated for different TE applications. Accordingly, we first explain the basics of emulsion templating and characteristics of PolyHIPE scaffolds. Then, we discuss the role of each ingredient in the emulsion and the impact of the compositional changes and process conditions on the characteristics of PolyHIPEs. Afterward, current fabrication methods of biocompatible PolyHIPE scaffolds and polymerisation routes are detailed, and the functionalisation strategies that can be used to improve the biological activity of PolyHIPE scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the applications of PolyHIPEs on soft and hard TE as well as in vitro models and drug delivery in the literature are summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Golub D, Krajnc P. Emulsion templated hydrophilic polymethacrylates. Morphological features, water and dye absorption. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Zhai K, Zhang F, Wang C, Pei X, Tan Y, Bai Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xu K, Wang P. Synthesis of millimeter‐sized hydrogel beads by inverse Pickering polymerization using starch‐based nanoparticles as emulsifier. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaopeng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yungang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Baichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yinchuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Pixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Di-block copolymer stabilized methyl methacrylate based polyHIPEs: Influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic co-monomers on morphology, wettability and thermal properties. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang T, Li X, Wang W, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Interface-Initiated Polymerization Enables One-Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900288. [PMID: 31517417 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Unlike oil-absorbing hydrophobic and oleophilic materials, porous materials that simultaneously display hydrophilicity and oleophobicity in air are rare, but they are unique in selectively removing water from bulk oil. Preparation of such porous materials is limited to the surface coating of raw porous materials, which faces problems such as pore clogging and uneven coating on inner surfaces. Herein, a one-pot approach to fabricating hydrophilic and oleophobic foams from oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions through a facile interface-initiated polymerization strategy is reported. The foams have interconnected macroporous structure. They can absorb water drops quickly while repelling oils in air. Such foams may find applications not only in oil-water separation (e.g., fuel purification), but also for efficient removal of contaminants (e.g., dyes) from oil-containing wastewater, where the oleophobicity helps foams to eliminate the oil fouling issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang T, Sanguramath RA, Israel S, Silverstein MS. Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Sima Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Walter G, Toledo L, Urbano BF. Porous, bicontinuous, and cationic polyelectrolyte obtained by high internal phase emulsion polymerization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Walter
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de PolímerosUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Leandro Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de PolímerosUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Bruno F. Urbano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de PolímerosUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shin H, Kim S, Han Y, Kim K, Choi SQ. Preparation of a monolithic and macroporous superabsorbent polymer via a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heewoong Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINCKAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Subeen Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINCKAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - YoungKyu Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINCKAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - KyuHan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSeoulTech Seoul 01811 Korea
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINCKAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aldemir Dikici B, Sherborne C, Reilly GC, Claeyssens F. Emulsion templated scaffolds manufactured from photocurable polycaprolactone. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Zhang T, Gui H, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Hydrophobic polyurethane polyHIPEs templated from mannitol within nonaqueous high internal phase emulsions for oil spill recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Haoguan Gui
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Locked Bag 20000, Geelong Victoria, 3220 Australia
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China‐Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou, 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Robust, highly porous hydrogels templated within emulsions stabilized using a reactive, crosslinking triblock copolymer. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
35
|
Kovačič S, Drašinac N, Pintar A, Žagar E. Highly Porous Cationic Polyelectrolytes via Oil-in-Water Concentrated Emulsions: Synthesis and Adsorption Kinetic Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10353-10362. [PMID: 30080054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work merges the fields of highly porous polymers (polymerized high internal phase emulsions, polyHIPEs) and synthetic cationic polyelectrolytes and introduces a new approach toward the synthesis of highly porous cationic polyelectrolytes. Cationic polyelectrolytes based on (3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (AMPTMA) were synthesized directly through the oil-in-water HIPEs. The resulting polyelectrolyte-based polyHIPEs are distinguished by the highly porous morphology as well as high concentration and accessibility of the cationic N-quaternized functional groups. The most efficient AMPTMA-based polyelectrolyte polyHIPE exhibits the total ion-exchange capacity of 3.53 mmol of AgNO3 per gram of dry resin and the water uptake of up to 95 g·g-1, which is a great improvement as compared to the state-of-the-art of polyHIPE absorbents bearing cationic moieties. Results of erythrosine dye adsorption show that chemisorption is a rate-determining step because adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Multilinearity of the Weber and Morris plots assumes that more than one regime is involved in the diffusion of the erythrosine dye molecules into the polyHIPE structure with the diffusion in between the swollen polymer chains as a rate-limiting step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Kovačič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Maribor , Smetanova 17 , SI-2000 Maribor , Slovenia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang T, Silverstein MS. Microphase-Separated Macroporous Polymers from an Emulsion-Templated Reactive Triblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
De France KJ, Xu F, Hoare T. Structured Macroporous Hydrogels: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29195022 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structured macroporous hydrogels that have controllable porosities on both the nanoscale and the microscale offer both the swelling and interfacial properties of bulk hydrogels as well as the transport properties of "hard" macroporous materials. While a variety of techniques such as solvent casting, freeze drying, gas foaming, and phase separation have been developed to fabricate structured macroporous hydrogels, the typically weak mechanics and isotropic pore structures achieved as well as the required use of solvent/additives in the preparation process all limit the potential applications of these materials, particularly in biomedical contexts. This review highlights recent developments in the field of structured macroporous hydrogels aiming to increase network strength, create anisotropy and directionality within the networks, and utilize solvent-free or additive-free fabrication methods. Such functional materials are well suited for not only biomedical applications like tissue engineering and drug delivery but also selective filtration, environmental sorption, and the physical templating of secondary networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. De France
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang T, Silverstein MS. Highly porous, emulsion-templated, zwitterionic hydrogels: amplified and accelerated uptakes with enhanced environmental sensitivity. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous, emulsion-templated, zwitterionic hydrogels exhibited amplified and accelerated uptakes, enhanced environmental sensitivity, anti-polyelectrolyte behavior, and dual-pH sensitive uptakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barbara I, Dourges MA, Deleuze H. Preparation of porous polyurethanes by emulsion-templated step growth polymerization. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Trupej N, Novak Z, Knez Ž, Slugovc C, Kovačič S. Supercritical CO2 mediated functionalization of highly porous emulsion-derived foams: ScCO2 absorption and epoxidation. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Zhang T, Silverstein MS. Doubly-crosslinked, emulsion-templated hydrogels through reversible metal coordination. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
43
|
Kovačič S, Silverstein MS. Hydrogels through emulsion templating: sequential polymerization and double networks. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Robust, high-porosity, emulsion-templated double-network hydrogels: the polymerization sequence and the polyelectrolyte and neutral-polymer contents determine the structures and the properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Kovačič
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
- Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry and Technology
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kovačič S, Silverstein MS. Superabsorbent, High Porosity, PAMPS-Based Hydrogels through Emulsion Templating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1814-1819. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Kovačič
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Toledo L, Urbano BF. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based porous hydrogel: Influence of surfactant and SiO 2 nanoparticles on the morphology, swelling and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Warwar Damouny C, Silverstein MS. Hydrogel-filled, semi-crystalline, nanoparticle-crosslinked, porous polymers from emulsion templating: Structure, properties, and shape memory. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Pahovnik D, Majer J, Žagar E, Kovačič S. Synthesis of hydrogel polyHIPEs from functionalized glycidyl methacrylate. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous hydrogels based on functionalized glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) have been successfully prepared through the high internal phase oil-in-water emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Janja Majer
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Brusotti G, Calleri E, Milanese C, Catenacci L, Marrubini G, Sorrenti M, Girella A, Massolini G, Tripodo G. Rational design of functionalized polyacrylate-based high internal phase emulsion materials for analytical and biomedical uses. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional polyacrylate-based materials rationally designed by high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry
- Physical-Chemistry Section
- University of Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Girella
- C.S.G.I. - Department of Chemistry
- Physical-Chemistry Section
- University of Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|