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Mostert AB. Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1670. [PMID: 34065580 PMCID: PMC8161012 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, western society is facing challenges to create new medical technologies to service an aging population as well as the ever-increasing e-waste of electronic devices and sensors. A key solution to these challenges will be the use of biomaterials and biomimetic systems. One material that has been receiving serious attention for its biomedical and device applications is eumelanin. Eumelanin, or commonly known as melanin, is nature's brown-black pigment and is a poly-indolequinone biopolymer, which possess unique physical and chemical properties for material applications. Presented here is a review, aimed at polymer and other materials scientists, to introduce eumelanin as a potential material for research. Covered here are the chemical and physical structures of melanin, an overview of its unique physical and chemical properties, as well as a wide array of applications, but with an emphasis on device and sensing applications. The review is then finished by introducing interested readers to novel synthetic protocols and post synthesis fabrication techniques to enable a starting point for polymer research in this intriguing and complex material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernardus Mostert
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
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2
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Galeb HA, Wilkinson EL, Stowell AF, Lin H, Murphy ST, Martin‐Hirsch PL, Mort RL, Taylor AM, Hardy JG. Melanins as Sustainable Resources for Advanced Biotechnological Applications. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000102. [PMID: 33552556 PMCID: PMC7857133 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a class of biopolymers that are widespread in nature and have diverse origins, chemical compositions, and functions. Their chemical, electrical, optical, and paramagnetic properties offer opportunities for applications in materials science, particularly for medical and technical uses. This review focuses on the application of analytical techniques to study melanins in multidisciplinary contexts with a view to their use as sustainable resources for advanced biotechnological applications, and how these may facilitate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Galeb
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Department of ChemistryScience and Arts CollegeRabigh CampusKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma L. Wilkinson
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Alison F. Stowell
- Department of Organisation, Work and TechnologyLancaster University Management SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YXUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Samuel T. Murphy
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Pierre L. Martin‐Hirsch
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustRoyal Preston HospitalSharoe Green LanePrestonPR2 9HTUK
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Adam M. Taylor
- Lancaster Medical SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
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4
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Xie W, Pakdel E, Liang Y, Kim YJ, Liu D, Sun L, Wang X. Natural Eumelanin and Its Derivatives as Multifunctional Materials for Bioinspired Applications: A Review. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4312-4331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Xie
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Australian Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Esfandiar Pakdel
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Australian Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Yujia Liang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Australian Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Young Jo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Kingsbury Hall W301, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Australian Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Lu Sun
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Australian Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Australian Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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5
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Lampel A, McPhee SA, Park HA, Scott GG, Humagain S, Hekstra DR, Yoo B, Frederix PWJM, Li TD, Abzalimov RR, Greenbaum SG, Tuttle T, Hu C, Bettinger CJ, Ulijn RV. Polymeric peptide pigments with sequence-encoded properties. Science 2018; 356:1064-1068. [PMID: 28596363 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanins are a family of heterogeneous polymeric pigments that provide ultraviolet (UV) light protection, structural support, coloration, and free radical scavenging. Formed by oxidative oligomerization of catecholic small molecules, the physical properties of melanins are influenced by covalent and noncovalent disorder. We report the use of tyrosine-containing tripeptides as tunable precursors for polymeric pigments. In these structures, phenols are presented in a (supra-)molecular context dictated by the positions of the amino acids in the peptide sequence. Oxidative polymerization can be tuned in a sequence-dependent manner, resulting in peptide sequence-encoded properties such as UV absorbance, morphology, coloration, and electrochemical properties over a considerable range. Short peptides have low barriers to application and can be easily scaled, suggesting near-term applications in cosmetics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Lampel
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Scott A McPhee
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Hang-Ah Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gary G Scott
- WestCHEM and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Sunita Humagain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ph.D. programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Doeke R Hekstra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pim W J M Frederix
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tai-De Li
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Rinat R Abzalimov
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Steven G Greenbaum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ph.D. programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Silver Center for Arts and Science, 100 Washington Square East, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Christopher J Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA. .,Ph.D. programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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6
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Klosterman L, Bettinger CJ. Calcium-Mediated Control of Polydopamine Film Oxidation and Iron Chelation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:E14. [PMID: 28025498 PMCID: PMC5297649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The facile preparation of conformal polydopamine (PDA) films on broad classes of materials has prompted extensive research into a wide variety of potential applications for PDA. The constituent molecular species in PDA exhibit diverse chemical moieties, and therefore highly variable properties of PDA-based devices may evolve with post-processing conditions. Here we report the use of redox-inactive cations for oxidative post-processing of deposited PDA films. PDA films incubated in alkaline CaCl₂ solutions exhibit accelerated oxidative evolution in a dose-dependent manner. PDA films incubated in CaCl₂ solutions exhibit 53% of the oxidative charge transfer compared to pristine PDA films. Carboxylic acid groups generated from the oxidation process lower the isoelectric point of PDA films from pH = 4.0 ± 0.2 to pH = 3.1 ± 0.3. PDA films exposed to CaCl₂ solutions during post-processing also enhance Fe2+/Fe3+ chelation compared to pristine PDA films. These data illustrate that the molecular heterogeneity and non-equilibrium character of as-deposited PDA films afford control over the final composition by choosing post-processing conditions, but also demands forethought into how the performance of PDA-incorporated devices may change over time in salt solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Klosterman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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