1
|
Tang X, Pionteck J, Krause B, Pötschke P, Voit B. Highly Tunable Piezoresistive Behavior of Carbon Nanotube-Containing Conductive Polymer Blend Composites Prepared from Two Polymers Exhibiting Crystallization-Induced Phase Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43333-43347. [PMID: 34459584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are suitable as piezoresistive-sensing materials. When using CPCs for strain sensing, it is still a big challenge to simultaneously improve the piezoresistive sensitivity and linearity along with the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Here, highly tunable piezoresistive behavior is reported for multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT)-filled CPCs based on blends of two semicrystalline polymers poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), which are miscible in the melt. When cooling the homogeneous mixture of the blend components, successive crystallization of PVDF and PBS occurs, creating complex crystalline structures in a mixed amorphous phase. The morphology of the blend matrix, the crystallinity of the blend components, and the dispersion and location of the CNTs in the blend depend on the CNT content and the blend composition. Compared with PVDF/CNT composites, the substitution of 10 to 50 wt % PVDF by PBS in the composites shifts the electrical percolation concentration Φc from 0.79 wt % to filler contents as low as 0.50 wt % while improving the stretchability. The piezoresistive behavior is highly tunable by changing the PVDF/PBS ratio. The ternary composites with matrix compositions of PVDF (90 wt %)/PBS (10 wt %) and PVDF (50 wt %)/PBS (50 wt %) show either higher piezoresistive sensitivity or linearity, respectively, caused by the differences in the microstructure of the CPCs. For example, the crystallinity of PBS in the ternary composites increased from 19.8% to 52.0% as the PBS content increased from 10 wt % to 50 wt %, which is connected with altered CNT distribution and conductive network structure and substantial improvement of the linearity of the electrical response to strains up to >20%. Our findings highly contribute to the understanding of the piezoresistive properties of CPCs based on two semicrystalline polymers and are important for future studies to tune the piezoresistive behavior to achieve simultaneously improved sensitivity and linearity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Tang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Beate Krause
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rasheed M, Jawaid M, Parveez B. Bamboo Fiber Based Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1076. [PMID: 33805433 PMCID: PMC8038013 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 1 wt.%; however, their elongation at break decreases. Thus, CNC addition in PLA-PBS matrix improves structural and thermal properties of the composite. The composite, thus developed, using CNC (a natural fiber) and PLA-PBS (biodegradable polymers) could be of immense importance as they could allow complete degradation in soil, making it a potential alternative material to existing packaging materials in the market that could be environment friendly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masrat Rasheed
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Bisma Parveez
- Kulliyan of Engineering (KOE), Islamic International University Malaysia, Gombak 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mao HJ, Liu DF, Zhang N, Huang T, Kühnert I, Yang JH, Wang Y. Constructing a Microcapacitor Network of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Blends via Crystallization-Induced Phase Separation Toward High Dielectric Constant and Low Loss. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26444-26454. [PMID: 32425040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the distribution of nanoparticles and further constructing effective microcapacitors in polymer blends are important issues for developing high-performance polymer dielectric nanocomposites. The common method to control the selective localization of nanoparticles in an immiscible polymer blend is relatively difficult and it easily results in the accumulation of nanoparticles in one component, which usually leads to a dramatic increase of the dielectric loss in the nanocomposites. In this work, a novel strategy based on step-by-step crystallization has been proposed to tailor the refined distribution and dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a melt-miscible blend poly(butylene succinate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PBS/PVDF) through the crystallization-induced phase separation and the engineered interfacial affinity between CNTs and polymer components to acquire high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. The results reveal that PBS is excluded along the growth front of PVDF spherulites and locates in the margin areas of PVDF spherulites during the step-by-step crystallization process. Moreover, because of the higher interfacial interaction between CNTs and PBS, CNTs are located in the PBS-rich domain, resulting in a high concentration of CNTs in the interspherulites of PVDF. Thus, the dielectric constants of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by nearly 5-24 times compared with the nanocomposites achieved by quick cooling and, simultaneously, the dielectric loss of the nanocomposites is still maintained at a low level. This work shows that the step-by-step crystallization method can be used to fabricate the nanocomposites with a synergistic increase in the dielectric performance due to the formation of a refined microcapacitor assembly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that the dielectric constant of the nanocomposites can be greatly enhanced just through the crystallization-optimized distribution and dispersion of CNTs in immiscible polymer blends, and it possibly gives a new technical route for the fabrication of advanced dielectric composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Dan-Feng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ines Kühnert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Jing-Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Erhuan Road, North I, No. 111, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yong C, Mei C, Guan M, Wu Q, Sun X, Xu B, Wang K. Interfacial modification mechanism of nanocellulose as a compatibilizer for immiscible binary poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Changtong Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Mingjie Guan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803
| | - Xiuxuan Sun
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Shi J, Ye H, Dong Y, Zhou Q. Combined effect of cellulose nanocrystals and poly(butylene succinate) on poly(lactic acid) crystallization: The role of interfacial affinity. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:79-85. [PMID: 29111073 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/CNC and PLA/PBS/CNC composite films were prepared using a solution-casting technique. CNCs can be used to enhance the crystallization of PLA by offering more nucleation sites, and PBS can increase spherulite growth rate of PLA by providing flexible chains. However, CNCs and PBS together tend to interfere with each other and thus enhancement in the crystallization of PLA is lost. FTIR, contact-angle measurements, and dissolution experiments were used to characterize the materials. It was found that the interfacial affinity was greater in the CNC-PBS system than the CNC-PLA system. It was therefore concluded that the PBS chains occupy most of the CNC surfaces in the molten state before cooling. Consequently, PLA was mainly blocked from the CNCs and the nucleation effect was greatly weakened. The binary and ternary composite systems are discussed in terms of their crystallization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Jiafeng Shi
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; CNPC Research Institute of Engineering Technology, Tianjin 300451, China
| | - Haimu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuhua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rinaldi M, Puglia D, Dominici F, Cherubini V, Torre L, Nanni F. Melt processing and mechanical property characterization of high-performance poly(ether ether ketone)-carbon nanotube composite. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rinaldi
- Department of Enterprise Engineering; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Rome Italy
- INSTM, Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials; Florence Italy
| | - Debora Puglia
- INSTM, Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials; Florence Italy
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department; University of Perugia; Terni Italy
| | - Franco Dominici
- INSTM, Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials; Florence Italy
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department; University of Perugia; Terni Italy
| | - Valeria Cherubini
- Department of Enterprise Engineering; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Rome Italy
- INSTM, Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials; Florence Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- INSTM, Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials; Florence Italy
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department; University of Perugia; Terni Italy
| | - Francesca Nanni
- Department of Enterprise Engineering; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Rome Italy
- INSTM, Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials; Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu F, Xie S, Chen J, Chen S, Wu G, Wang Y. Regulating the crystallizing and rheological behaviors of poly(butylene succinate) by incorporating novel macromolecular ionomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064 China
| | - Si‐Yu Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064 China
| | - Jun‐Hong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064 China
| | - Si‐Chong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064 China
| | - Gang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064 China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064 China
| |
Collapse
|