1
|
Basak U, Chatterjee DP, Mahapatra G, Nandi AK. Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties of Polythiophene- g-Poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate)- b-Poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) Copolymers using " Grafting onto" Synthetic Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39231951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of polythiophene (PT) graft block copolymers are most important for fabricating optoelectronic devices, and recently, we reported a single-pot atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique for preparation of PT graft block copolymers between thermoresponsive poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMEM) and pH-responsive poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) from the PT backbone via the "grafting from" strategy with an 11 mol % contamination. A "grafting onto" strategy has been opted to eliminate the contamination from the block copolymer where we synthesized poly(thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA) followed by the coupling with PDEGMEM-b-PDMAEMA-Cl, PDMAEMA-b-PDEGMEM-Cl, and PDMAEMA-ran-PDEGMEM-Cl copolymers, produced separately by the ATRP technique. The polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, SEC, etc. TEM study exhibits mostly vesicular morphology and optical properties measured using UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy showing pH dependent behavior. dc conductivity values indicate semiconducting nature in the order P2 > P3 > P1. The abrupt hike of P2 (∼80 times) in conductivity at pH 3 from that of previously prepared P2 copolymers formed by the grafting from process is attributed to the absence of ∼11 mol % contamination. Conductivity decreases with increasing pH, due to coiling of the PT backbone in accordance with the blue shifts of λabs peaks. The current (I)-voltage (V) plots exhibit bimodal memory and organic mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. Higher current (3.3 mA for P2, pH 3) and electronic memory occur upon light irradiation than that of dark. Photoswitching property decreases with increase of pH, showing highest photocurrent gain of 8.05 for P2 at pH 3. Photocurrent gain follows the order P2 > P3 > P1 indicating P2 is the best to develop photoswitches in the P-series polymers. Fitting of growth and decay curves suggests that they are a two-stage process: photocurrent raises fast at the on state initially and then at a slower rate and similar at an off state. Impedance spectra suggest charge-transfer resistance and Warburg impedance values follow the order of P1 > P3 > P2, whereas capacitance value follows the opposite order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Basak
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Material Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Gouranga Mahapatra
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Material Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Material Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Gao W, Yang S, Chen Q, Ye C, Wang H, Zhang Q, Ren J, Ning Z, Chen X, Shao Z, Li J, Liu Y, Ling S. Humanoid Intelligent Display Platform for Audiovisual Interaction and Sound Identification. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:221. [PMID: 37812331 PMCID: PMC10562358 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a rational strategy for the design, fabrication and system integration of the humanoid intelligent display platform (HIDP) to meet the requirements of highly humanized mechanical properties and intelligence for human-machine interfaces. The platform's sandwich structure comprises a middle light-emitting layer and surface electrodes, which consists of silicon elastomer embedded with phosphor and silk fibroin ionoelastomer, respectively. Both materials are highly stretchable and resilient, endowing the HIDP with skin-like mechanical properties and applicability in various extreme environments and complex mechanical stimulations. Furthermore, by establishing the numerical correlation between the amplitude change of animal sounds and the brightness variation, the HIDP realizes audiovisual interaction and successful identification of animal species with the aid of Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning techniques. The accuracy of species identification reaches about 100% for 200 rounds of random testing. Additionally, the HIDP can recognize animal species and their corresponding frequencies by analyzing sound characteristics, displaying real-time results with an accuracy of approximately 99% and 93%, respectively. In sum, this study offers a rational route to designing intelligent display devices for audiovisual interaction, which can expedite the application of smart display devices in human-machine interaction, soft robotics, wearable sound-vision system and medical devices for hearing-impaired patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, 201210, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, 201210, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, 201210, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong MW, Ma JH, Shin JS, Kim JS, Ma G, Nam TU, Gu X, Kang SJ, Oh JY. Intrinsically stretchable three primary light-emitting films enabled by elastomer blend for polymer light-emitting diodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1504. [PMID: 37343088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable light-emitting materials are crucial for skin-like wearable displays; however, their color range has been limited to green-like yellow lights owing to the restricted stretchable light-emitting materials (super yellow series materials). To develop skin-like full-color displays, three intrinsically stretchable primary light-emitting materials [red, green, and blue (RGB)] are essential. In this study, we report three highly stretchable primary light-emitting films made from a polymer blend of conventional RGB light-emitting polymers and a nonpolar elastomer. The blend films consist of multidimensional nanodomains of light-emitting polymers that are interconnected in an elastomer matrix for efficient light-emitting under strain. The RGB blend films exhibited over 1000 cd/m2 luminance with low turn-on voltage (<5 Von) and the selectively stretched blend films on rigid substrate maintained stable light-emitting performance up to 100% strain even after 1000 multiple stretching cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Ma
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
- Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
- Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Guorong Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
- Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Bao Z. High luminescent polymers for stretchable displays. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac093. [PMID: 36684509 PMCID: PMC9843124 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective summarizes the main approaches to realize stretchable displays with high performance as well as future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeon KH, Park JW. Light-Emitting Polymer Blended with Elastomers for Stretchable Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Zhu M, Sun J, Shi W, Zhao Z, Wei X, Huang X, Guo Y, Liu Y. A Self-Assembled 3D Penetrating Nanonetwork for High-Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201844. [PMID: 35488389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of wearable technology can significantly benefit from electronic displays fabricated using intrinsically stretchable (is-) materials. Typically, an improvement in the stretchability of conventional light-emitting polymers is accompanied by a decrease in charge transportability, thus resulting in a significant decrease in device efficiency. In this study, a self-assembled 3D penetrating nanonetwork is developed to achieve increased stretchability and mobility simultaneously, based on high-molecular-weight phenylenevinylene (L-SY-PPV) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The mobility of L-SY-PPV/PAN increases by 5-6 times and the stretchability increases from 20% (pristine L-SY-PPV film) to 100%. A high current efficiency (CE) of 8.13 cd A-1 is observed in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) fabricated using 40% stretched L-SY-PPV/PAN. Furthermore, using a polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE), an 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (pBphen), and a reduced Triton X-100 (TR) chelated Zn-based is- electron-injection layer of Zn-PEIE-pBphen-TR, an is-PLED is realized with a turn-on voltage of 6.5 V and a high CE of 2.35 cd A-1 . These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using the self-assembled 3D penetrating nanonetwork for the fabrication of is-PLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhe Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin H, Zhu Y, Youssef K, Yu Z, Pei Q. Structures and Materials in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106184. [PMID: 34647640 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are obtained by partitioning a large emission area into areas specifically for stretching and light-emission (island-bridge structure). Buckled and textile structures are also shown effective to combine the conventional light emitting diode fabrication with elastic substrates for structure-enabled stretchable EL devices. Meanwhile, intrinsically stretchable EL devices which are characterized with uniform stretchability down to microscopic scale are relatively less developed but promise simpler device structure and higher impact resistance. The challenges in fabricating intrinsically stretchable EL devices with high and robust performance are in many facets, including stretchable conductors, emissive materials, and compatible processes. For the stretchable transparent electrode, ionically conductive gel, conductive polymer coating, and conductor network in surface of elastomer are all proven useful. The stretchable EL materials are currently limited to conjugated polymers, conjugated polymers with surfactants and ionic conductors added to boost stretchability, and phosphor particles embedded in elastomer matrices. These emissive materials operate under different mechanisms, require different electrode materials and fabrication processes, and the corresponding EL devices face distinctive challenges. This review aims to provide a basic understanding of the materials meeting both the mechanical and electronic requirements and important techniques to fabricate the stretchable EL devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexing Yin
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Kareem Youssef
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Z, Liu K, Liu Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. Intrinsically flexible displays: key materials and devices. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac090. [PMID: 35711242 PMCID: PMC9197576 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous progress in flexible electronics is bringing more convenience and comfort to human lives. In this field, interconnection and novel display applications are acknowledged as important future directions. However, it is a huge scientific and technical challenge to develop intrinsically flexible displays due to the limited size and shape of the display panel. To address this conundrum, it is crucial to develop intrinsically flexible electrode materials, semiconductor materials and dielectric materials, as well as the relevant flexible transistor drivers and display panels. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in this field from seven aspects: background and concept, intrinsically flexible electrode materials, intrinsically flexible organic semiconductors and dielectric materials for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), intrinsically flexible organic emissive semiconductors for electroluminescent devices, and OTFT-driven electroluminescent devices for intrinsically flexible displays. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of intrinsically flexible displays are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thermoplastic Starch with Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) Blends Foamed by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101952. [PMID: 35631835 PMCID: PMC9145724 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch-based biodegradable foams with a high starch content are developed using industrial starch as the base material and supercritical CO2 as blowing or foaming agents. The superior cushioning properties of these foams can lead to competitiveness in the market. Despite this, a weak melting strength property of starch is not sufficient to hold the foaming agents within it. Due to the rapid diffusion of foaming gas into the environment, it is difficult for starch to maintain pore structure in starch foams. Therefore, producing starch foam by using supercritical CO2 foaming gas faces severe challenges. To overcome this, we have synthesized thermoplastic starch (TPS) by dispersing starch into water or glycerin. Consecutively, the TPS surface was modified by compatibilizer silane A (SA) to improve the dispersion with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to become (TPS with SA)/PBAT composite foam. Furthermore, the foam-forming process was optimized by varying the ratios of TPS and PBAT under different forming temperatures of 85 °C to 105 °C, and two different pressures, 17 Mpa and 23 Mpa were studied in detail. The obtained results indicate that the SA surface modification on TPS can influence the great compatibility with PBAT blended foams (foam density: 0.16 g/cm3); whereas unmodified TPS and PBAT (foam density: 0.349 g/cm3) exhibit high foam density, rigid foam structure, and poor tensile properties. In addition, we have found that the 80% TPS/20% PBAT foam can be achieved with good flexible properties. Because of this flexibility, lightweight and environment-friendly nature, we have the opportunity to resolve the strong demands from the packing market.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tailor made synthesis of water-soluble polythiophene-graft-poly(caprolactone-block-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) copolymer and their pH tunable self-assembly and optoelectronic properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
11
|
Veeramuthu L, Venkatesan M, Benas JS, Cho CJ, Lee CC, Lieu FK, Lin JH, Lee RH, Kuo CC. Recent Progress in Conducting Polymer Composite/Nanofiber-Based Strain and Pressure Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4281. [PMID: 34960831 PMCID: PMC8705576 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Conducting of polymers belongs to the class of polymers exhibiting excellence in electrical performances because of their intrinsic delocalized π- electrons and their tunability ranges from semi-conductive to metallic conductive regime. Conducting polymers and their composites serve greater functionality in the application of strain and pressure sensors, especially in yielding a better figure of merits, such as improved sensitivity, sensing range, durability, and mechanical robustness. The electrospinning process allows the formation of micro to nano-dimensional fibers with solution-processing attributes and offers an exciting aspect ratio by forming ultra-long fibrous structures. This review comprehensively covers the fundamentals of conducting polymers, sensor fabrication, working modes, and recent trends in achieving the sensitivity, wide-sensing range, reduced hysteresis, and durability of thin film, porous, and nanofibrous sensors. Furthermore, nanofiber and textile-based sensory device importance and its growth towards futuristic wearable electronics in a technological era was systematically reviewed to overcome the existing challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jean-Sebastien Benas
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Chia-Chin Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Kong Lieu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ja-Hon Lin
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conjugated polymers for functional applications. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|