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Goodfellow BJ, Freire F, Carvalho AL, Aveiro SS, Charbonnier P, Moulis JM, Delgado L, Ferreira GC, Rodrigues JE, Poussin-Courmontagne P, Birck C, McEwen A, Macedo AL. The SOUL family of heme-binding proteins: Structure and function 15 years later. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sharma H, Bose A, Sachdeva R, Malik M, Kumar U, Pal R. Haemoglobin drives inflammation and initiates antigen spread and nephritis in lupus. Immunology 2021; 165:122-140. [PMID: 34549818 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemoglobin (Hb) has well-documented inflammatory effects and is normally efficiently scavenged; clearance mechanisms can be overwhelmed during erythrocyte lysis. Whether Hb is preferentially inflammatory in lupus and triggers broad anti-self responses was assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from SLE patients secreted higher levels of lupus-associated inflammatory cytokines when incubated with human Hb than did PBMCs derived from healthy donors, an effect negated by haptoglobin. Ferric murine Hb triggered the preferential release of lupus-associated cytokines from splenocytes, B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from ageing, lupus-prone NZM2410 mice, and also had mitogenic effects on B cells. Pull-downs, followed by mass spectrometry, revealed interactions of Hb with several lupus-associated autoantigens; co-incubation of ferric Hb with apoptotic blebs (structures that contain packaged autoantigens) revealed synergies-in terms of cytokine release and autoantibody production in vitro-that were also restricted to the lupus genotype. Murine ferric Hb activated multiple signalling pathways and, in combination with apoptotic blebs, preferentially triggered MAP kinase signalling specifically in splenocytes isolated from lupus-prone mice. Infusion of murine ferric Hb into lupus-prone mice led to enhanced release of lupus-associated cytokines, the generation of a spectrum of autoantibodies and enhanced-onset glomerulosclerosis. Given that the biased recognition of ferric Hb in a lupus milieu, possibly in concert with lupus-associated autoantigens, triggers inflammatory responses and the generation of lupus-associated cytokines, and also stimulates the generation of potentially pathogenic lupus-associated autoantibodies, neutralization of Hb could have beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritika Sharma
- Immunoendocrinology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bose
- Immunoendocrinology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Sachdeva
- Immunoendocrinology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Malik
- Immunoendocrinology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Pal
- Immunoendocrinology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Thermodynamic Characterization of the Ca 2+-Dependent Interaction Between SOUL and ALG-2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123802. [PMID: 30501057 PMCID: PMC6321638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SOUL, a heme-binding protein-2 (HEBP-2), interacts with apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein (ALG-2) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. To investigate the properties of the interaction of SOUL with ALG-2, we generated several mutants of SOUL and ALG-2 and analyzed the recombinant proteins using pulldown assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. The interaction between SOUL and ALG-2 (delta3-23ALG-2) was an exothermic reaction, with 1:1 stoichiometry and high affinity (Kd = 32.4 nM) in the presence of Ca2+. The heat capacity change (ΔCp) of the reaction showed a large negative value (−390 cal/K·mol), which suggested the burial of a significant nonpolar surface area or disruption of a hydrogen bond network that was induced by the interaction (or both). One-point mutation of SOUL Phe100 or ALG-2 Trp57 resulted in complete loss of heat change, supporting the essential roles of these residues for the interaction. Nevertheless, a truncated mutant of SOUL1-143 that deleted the domain required for the interaction with ALG-2 Trp57 still showed 1:1 binding to ALG-2 with an endothermic reaction. These results provide a better understanding of the target recognition mechanism and conformational change of SOUL in the interaction with ALG-2.
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Matte A, De Falco L, Federti E, Cozzi A, Iolascon A, Levi S, Mohandas N, Zamo A, Bruno M, Lebouef C, Janin A, Siciliano A, Ganz T, Federico G, Carlomagno F, Mueller S, Silva I, Carbone C, Melisi D, Kim DW, Choi SY, De Franceschi L. Peroxiredoxin-2: A Novel Regulator of Iron Homeostasis in Ineffective Erythropoiesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1-14. [PMID: 28793778 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Iron overload (IO) is a life-threatening complication of chronic hemolytic disorders such as β-thalassemia. IO results in severe cellular oxidative damage, leading to organ failure. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2), a typical 2-cysteine-(Cys)-peroxiredoxin, is an important component of the cytoprotective system, but its response to IO is still to be fully defined. RESULTS We studied the effects of IO on Prx2-knockout mice (Prx2-/-). The absence of Prx2 enhanced toxicity due to IO on erythropoiesis. We found that IO failed to induce the typical hepcidin (Hamp) upregulation in Prx2-/- mice due to its failure to activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) with intact Jak2 signaling. In Prx2-/- mice, the loss of Hamp response was also observed after administration of a single dose of oral iron. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to explore IL6-STAT3 activation in Prx2-/- mice, STAT3 activation and Hamp upregulation were once again defective. Treatment with PEP-fusion-recombinant-Prx2 (PEP Prx2) significantly increased STAT3 activation with upregulation of Hamp expression in both IO- and LPS-exposed Prx2-/- mice. We also confirmed the beneficial effects of PEP Prx2 on Hamp expression through STAT3 activation in β-thalassemic mice. INNOVATION We propose that Prx2 plays a key role in responding to cytotoxicity of IO, directly targeting STAT3-transcriptional factor in a Jak2-independent fashion and regulating Hamp in response to canonical stimuli. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data highlight a novel role of Prx2 in iron homeostasis. Prx2 is a key cytoprotector against IO that is induced either by iron supplementation or due to chronic hemolysis as in β-thalassemia. Prx2 is required to support STAT3 transcriptional activity and regulation of Hamp expression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Matte
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Luigia De Falco
- 2 CEINGE and Department of Biochemistry, Federico II University , Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Federti
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Cozzi
- 3 Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- 2 CEINGE and Department of Biochemistry, Federico II University , Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Levi
- 3 Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano, Italy .,4 Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Zamo
- 6 Department of Pathology and Diagnostic University of Verona-AOUI Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Mariasole Bruno
- 2 CEINGE and Department of Biochemistry, Federico II University , Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anne Janin
- 7 Inserm, U1165, Paris, France .,8 Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot , Paris, France .,9 AP-HP , Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Angela Siciliano
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Tom Ganz
- 10 Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Giorgia Federico
- 11 Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies Federico II University , Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Carlomagno
- 11 Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies Federico II University , Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- 12 Medical Department, Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Silva
- 12 Medical Department, Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmine Carbone
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Dae Won Kim
- 13 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chunchon, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- 13 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chunchon, Korea
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Evolution of the SOUL Heme-Binding Protein Superfamily Across Eukarya. J Mol Evol 2016; 82:279-90. [PMID: 27209522 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-016-9745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SOUL homologs constitute a heme-binding protein superfamily putatively involved in heme and tetrapyrrole metabolisms associated with a number of physiological processes. Despite their omnipresence across the tree of life and the biochemical characterization of many SOUL members, their functional role and the evolutionary events leading to such remarkable protein repertoire still remain cryptic. To explore SOUL evolution, we apply a computational phylogenetic approach, including a relevant number of SOUL homologs, to identify paralog forms and reconstruct their genealogy across the tree of life and within species. In animal lineages, multiple gene duplication or loss events and paralog functional specializations underlie SOUL evolution from the dawn of ancestral echinoderm and mollusc SOUL forms. In photosynthetic organisms, SOUL evolution is linked to the endosymbiosis events leading to plastid acquisition in eukaryotes. Derivative features, such as the F2L peptide and BH3 domain, evolved in vertebrates and provided innovative functionality to support immune response and apoptosis. The evolution of elements such as the N-terminal protein domain DUF2358, the His42 residue, or the tetrapyrrole heme-binding site is modern, and their functional implications still unresolved. This study represents the first in-depth analysis of SOUL protein evolution and provides novel insights in the understanding of their obscure physiological role.
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Litholdo CG, Parker BL, Eamens AL, Larsen MR, Cordwell SJ, Waterhouse PM. Proteomic Identification of Putative MicroRNA394 Target Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Identifies Major Latex Protein Family Members Critical for Normal Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2033-47. [PMID: 27067051 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the F-Box protein Leaf Curling Responsiveness (LCR) is regulated by microRNA, miR394, and alterations to this interplay in Arabidopsis thaliana produce defects in leaf polarity and shoot apical meristem organization. Although the miR394-LCR node has been documented in Arabidopsis, the identification of proteins targeted by LCR F-box itself has proven problematic. Here, a proteomic analysis of shoot apices from plants with altered LCR levels identified a member of the Latex Protein (MLP) family gene as a potential LCR F-box target. Bioinformatic and molecular analyses also suggested that other MLP family members are likely to be targets for this post-translational regulation. Direct interaction between LCR F-Box and MLP423 was validated. Additional MLP members had reduction in protein accumulation, in varying degrees, mediated by LCR F-Box. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines, in which MLP28 expression was reduced through an artificial miRNA technology, displayed severe developmental defects, including changes in leaf patterning and morphology, shoot apex defects, and eventual premature death. These phenotypic characteristics resemble those of Arabidopsis plants modified to over-express LCR Taken together, the results demonstrate that MLPs are driven to degradation by LCR, and indicate that MLP gene family is target of miR394-LCR regulatory node, representing potential targets for directly post-translational regulation mediated by LCR F-Box. In addition, MLP28 family member is associated with the LCR regulation that is critical for normal Arabidopsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso G Litholdo
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia; §Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- ¶Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Darlington NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew L Eamens
- ‖School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martin R Larsen
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- ¶Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Darlington NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia; ‡‡Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia
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Liou YF, Charoenkwan P, Srinivasulu Y, Vasylenko T, Lai SC, Lee HC, Chen YH, Huang HL, Ho SY. SCMHBP: prediction and analysis of heme binding proteins using propensity scores of dipeptides. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 16:S4. [PMID: 25522279 PMCID: PMC4290654 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s16-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heme binding proteins (HBPs) are metalloproteins that contain a heme ligand (an iron-porphyrin complex) as the prosthetic group. Several computational methods have been proposed to predict heme binding residues and thereby to understand the interactions between heme and its host proteins. However, few in silico methods for identifying HBPs have been proposed. Results This work proposes a scoring card method (SCM) based method (named SCMHBP) for predicting and analyzing HBPs from sequences. A balanced dataset of 747 HBPs (selected using a Gene Ontology term GO:0020037) and 747 non-HBPs (selected from 91,414 putative non-HBPs) with an identity of 25% was firstly established. Consequently, a set of scores that quantified the propensity of amino acids and dipeptides to be HBPs is estimated using SCM to maximize the predictive accuracy of SCMHBP. Finally, the informative physicochemical properties of 20 amino acids are identified by utilizing the estimated propensity scores to be used to categorize HBPs. The training and mean test accuracies of SCMHBP applied to three independent test datasets are 85.90% and 71.57%, respectively. SCMHBP performs well relative to comparison with such methods as support vector machine (SVM), decision tree J48, and Bayes classifiers. The putative non-HBPs with high sequence propensity scores are potential HBPs, which can be further validated by experimental confirmation. The propensity scores of individual amino acids and dipeptides are examined to elucidate the interactions between heme and its host proteins. The following characteristics of HBPs are derived from the propensity scores: 1) aromatic side chains are important to the effectiveness of specific HBP functions; 2) a hydrophobic environment is important in the interaction between heme and binding sites; and 3) the whole HBP has low flexibility whereas the heme binding residues are relatively flexible. Conclusions SCMHBP yields knowledge that improves our understanding of HBPs rather than merely improves the prediction accuracy in predicting HBPs.
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Nakasone K, Nagahama Y, Okubo K. hebp3, a novel member of the heme-binding protein gene family, is expressed in the medaka meninges with higher abundance in females due to a direct stimulating action of ovarian estrogens. Endocrinology 2013; 154:920-30. [PMID: 23284102 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The brains of teleost fish exhibit remarkable sexual plasticity throughout their life span. To dissect the molecular basis for the development and reversal of sex differences in the teleost brain, we screened for genes differentially expressed between sexes in the brain of medaka (Oryzias latipes). One of the genes identified in the screen as being preferentially expressed in females was found to be a new member of the heme-binding protein gene family that includes hebp1 and hebp2 and was designated here as hebp3. The medaka hebp3 is expressed in the meninges with higher abundance in females, whereas there is no expression within the brain parenchyma. This female-biased expression of hebp3 is not attributable to the direct action of sex chromosome genes but results from the transient and reversible action of estrogens derived from the ovary. Moreover, estrogens directly activate the transcription of hebp3 via a palindromic estrogen-responsive element in the hebp3 promoter. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that hebp3 is a novel transcriptional target of estrogens, with female-biased expression in the meninges. The definite but reversible sexual dimorphism of the meningeal hebp3 expression may contribute to the development and reversal of sex differences in the teleost brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Nakasone
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Lee HJ, Mochizuki N, Masuda T, Buckhout TJ. Disrupting the bimolecular binding of the haem-binding protein 5 (AtHBP5) to haem oxygenase 1 (HY1) leads to oxidative stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5967-78. [PMID: 22991161 PMCID: PMC3467301 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana L. SOUL/haem-binding proteins, AtHBPs belong to a family of five members. The Arabidopsis cytosolic AtHBP1 (At1g17100) and AtHBP2 (At2g37970) have been shown to bind porphyrins and metalloporphyrins including haem. In contrast to the cytosolic localization of these haem-binding proteins, AtHBP5 (At5g20140) encodes a protein with an N-terminal transit peptide that probably directs targeting to the chloroplast. In this report, it is shown that AtHBP5 binds haem and interacts with the haem oxygenase, HY1, in both yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays. The expression of HY1 is repressed in the athbp5 T-DNA knockdown mutant and the accumulation of H(2)O(2) is observed in athbp5 seedlings that are treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a ROS-producing stress hormone. In contrast, AtHBP5 over-expressing plants show a decreased accumulation of H(2)O(2) after MeJA treatment compared with the controls. It is proposed that the interaction between the HY1 and AtHBP5 proteins participate in an antioxidant pathway that might be mediated by reaction products of haem catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Applied Botany, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University
Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto
University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606–8502,
Japan
| | - Tatsuru Masuda
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences,
University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Tokyo,
153–8902, Japan
| | - Thomas J. Buckhout
- Applied Botany, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University
Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin,
Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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Murine macrophages response to iron. J Proteomics 2012; 76 Spec No.:10-27. [PMID: 22835775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role at the crossroad between iron metabolism and immunity, being able to store and recycle iron derived from the phagocytosis of senescent erythrocytes. The way by which macrophages manage non-heme iron at physiological concentration is still not fully understood. We investigated protein changes in mouse bone marrow macrophages incubated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC 10 μM iron). Differentially expressed spots were identified by nano RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Transcriptomic, metabolomics and western immunoblotting analyses complemented the proteomic approach. Pattern analysis was also used for identifying networks of proteins involved in iron homeostasis. FAC treatment resulted in higher abundance of several proteins including ferritins, cytoskeleton related proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) at the membrane level, vimentin, arginase, galectin-3 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Interestingly, GAPDH has been recently proposed to act as an alternative transferrin receptor for iron acquisition through internalization of the GAPDH-transferrin complex into the early endosomes. FAC treatment also induced the up-regulation of oxidative stress-related proteins (PRDX), which was further confirmed at the metabolic level (increase in GSSG, 8-isoprostane and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates) through mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics approaches. This study represents an example of the potential usefulness of "integarated omics" in the field of iron biology, especially for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling iron homeostasis in normal and disease conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Integrated omics.
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De Franceschi L, Bertoldi M, De Falco L, Santos Franco S, Ronzoni L, Turrini F, Colancecco A, Camaschella C, Cappellini MD, Iolascon A. Oxidative stress modulates heme synthesis and induces peroxiredoxin-2 as a novel cytoprotective response in β-thalassemic erythropoiesis. Haematologica 2011; 96:1595-604. [PMID: 21750082 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.043612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-thalassemic syndromes are inherited red cell disorders characterized by severe ineffective erythropoiesis and increased levels of reactive oxygen species whose contribution to β-thalassemic anemia is only partially understood. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied erythroid precursors from normal and β-thalassemic peripheral CD34(+) cells in two-phase liquid culture by proteomic, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. We measured intracellular reactive oxygen species, heme levels and the activity of δ-aminolevulinate-synthase-2. We exposed normal cells and K562 cells with silenced peroxiredoxin-2 to H(2)O(2) and generated a recombinant peroxiredoxin-2 for kinetic measurements in the presence of H(2)O(2) or hemin. RESULTS In β-thalassemia the increased production of reactive oxygen species was associated with down-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase and up-regulation of peroxiredoxin-2. In agreement with these observations in β-thalassemic cells we found decreased heme levels related to significantly reduced activity of the first enzyme of the heme pathway, δ-aminolevulinate synthase-2 without differences in its expression. We demonstrated that the activity of recombinant δ-aminolevulinate synthase-2 is inhibited by both reactive oxygen species and hemin as a protective mechanism in β-thalassemic cells. We then addressed the question of the protective role of peroxiredoxin-2 in erythropoiesis by exposing normal cells to oxidative stress and silencing peroxiredoxin-2 in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. We found that peroxiredoxin-2 expression is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and required for K562 cells to survive oxidative stress. We then showed that peroxiredoxin-2 binds heme in erythroid precursors with high affinity, suggesting a possible multifunctional cytoprotective role of peroxiredoxin-2 in β-thalassemia. CONCLUSIONS In β-thalassemic erythroid cells the reduction of δ-aminolevulinate synthase-2 activity and the increased expression of peroxiredoxin-2 might represent two novel stress-response protective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy.
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Fortunato AE, Langellotto F, Sordino P. Identification and expression of soul/p22HBP genes in zebrafish. Gene Expr Patterns 2011; 11:360-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xiao Q, Jiang X, Moore KJ, Shao Y, Pi H, Dubail I, Charbit A, Newton SM, Klebba PE. Sortase independent and dependent systems for acquisition of haem and haemoglobin in Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2011; 80:1581-97. [PMID: 21545655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied three Fur-regulated systems of Listeria monocytogenes: the srtB region, that encodes sortase-anchored proteins and a putative ABC transporter, and the fhu and hup operons, that produce putative ABC transporters for ferric hydroxamates and haemin (Hn)/haemoglobin (Hb) respectively. Deletion of lmo2185 in the srtB region reduced listerial [(59) Fe]-Hn transport, and purified Lmo2185 bound [(59) Fe]-Hn (K(D) = 12 nM), leading to its designation as a Hn/Hb binding protein (hbp2). Purified Hbp2 also acted as a haemophore, capturing and supplying Hn from the environment. Nevertheless, Hbp2 only functioned in [(59) Fe]-Hn transport at external concentrations less than 50 nM: at higher Hn levels its uptake occurred with equivalent affinity and rate without Hbp2. Similarly, deletion of sortase A had no effect on ferric siderophore or Hn/Hb transport at any concentration, and the srtA-independence of listerial Hn/Hb uptake distinguished it from comparable systems of Staphylococcus aureus. In the cytoplasmic membrane, the Hup transporter was specific for Hn: its lipoprotein (HupD) only showed high affinity for the iron porphyrin (K(D) = 26 nM). Conversely, the FhuD lipoprotein encoded by the fhu operon had broad specificity: it bound both ferric siderophores and Hn, with the highest affinity for ferrioxamine B (K(D) = 123 nM). Deletions of Hup permease components hupD, hupG or hupDGC reduced Hn/Hb uptake, and complementation of ΔhupC and ΔhupG by chromosomal integration of hupC(+) and hupG(+) alleles on pPL2 restored growth promotion by Hn/Hb. However, ΔhupDGC did not completely eliminate [(59) Fe]-Hn transport, implying the existence of another cytoplasmic membrane Hn transporter. The overall K(M) of Hn uptake by wild-type strain EGD-e was 1 nM, and it occurred at similar rates (V(max) = 23 pmol 10(9) cells(-1) min(-1)) to those of ferric siderophore transporters. In the ΔhupDGC strain uptake occurred at a threefold lower rate (V(max) = 7 pmol 10(9) cells(-1) min(-1)). The results show that at low (< 50 nM) levels of Hn, SrtB-dependent peptidoglycan-anchored proteins (e.g. Hbp2) bind the porphyrin, and HupDGC or another transporter completes its uptake into the cytoplasm. However, at higher concentrations Hn uptake is SrtB-independent: peptidoglycan-anchored binding proteins are dispensable because HupDGC directly absorbs and internalizes Hn. Finally, ΔhupDGC increased the LD(50) of L. monocytogenes 100-fold in the mouse infection model, reiterating the importance of this system in listerial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Zheng J, Wei C, Zhao L, Liu L, Leng W, Li W, Jin Q. Combining blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as an effective strategy for analyzing potential membrane protein complexes of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:40. [PMID: 21241518 PMCID: PMC3032701 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease in humans caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and infects one-third of the world's total population. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been widely used to prevent tuberculosis worldwide since 1921. Membrane proteins play important roles in various cellular processes, and the protein-protein interactions involved in these processes may provide further information about molecular organization and cellular pathways. However, membrane proteins are notoriously under-represented by traditional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and little is known about mycobacterial membrane and membrane-associated protein complexes. Here we investigated M. bovis BCG by an alternative proteomic strategy coupling blue native PAGE to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to characterize potential protein-protein interactions in membrane fractions. RESULTS Using this approach, we analyzed native molecular composition of protein complexes in BCG membrane fractions. As a result, 40 proteins (including 12 integral membrane proteins), which were organized in 9 different gel bands, were unambiguous identified. The proteins identified have been experimentally confirmed using 2-D SDS PAGE. We identified MmpL8 and four neighboring proteins that were involved in lipid transport complexes, and all subunits of ATP synthase complex in their monomeric states. Two phenolpthiocerol synthases and three arabinosyltransferases belonging to individual operons were obtained in different gel bands. Furthermore, two giant multifunctional enzymes, Pks7 and Pks8, and four mycobacterial Hsp family members were determined. Additionally, seven ribosomal proteins involved in polyribosome complex and two subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase complex were also found. Notablely, some proteins with high hydrophobicity or multiple transmembrane helixes were identified well in our work. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we utilized LC-MS/MS in combination with blue native PAGE to characterize modular components of multiprotein complexes in BCG membrane fractions. The results demonstrated that the proteomic strategy was a reliable and reproducible tool for analysis of BCG multiprotein complexes. The identification in our study may provide some evidence for further study of BCG protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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15
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Lasserre JP, Sylvius L, Joubert-Caron R, Caron M, Hardouin J. Organellar Protein Complexes of Caco-2 Human Cells Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5093-107. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100381m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lasserre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UMR CNRS 7033, 74 rue Marcel Cachin F-93017 Bobigny cedex, France, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR CNRS 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Equipe BRICS, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6270, Boulevard Maurice de Broglie F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
| | - Loïk Sylvius
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UMR CNRS 7033, 74 rue Marcel Cachin F-93017 Bobigny cedex, France, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR CNRS 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Equipe BRICS, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6270, Boulevard Maurice de Broglie F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
| | - Raymonde Joubert-Caron
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UMR CNRS 7033, 74 rue Marcel Cachin F-93017 Bobigny cedex, France, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR CNRS 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Equipe BRICS, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6270, Boulevard Maurice de Broglie F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
| | - Michel Caron
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UMR CNRS 7033, 74 rue Marcel Cachin F-93017 Bobigny cedex, France, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR CNRS 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Equipe BRICS, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6270, Boulevard Maurice de Broglie F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UMR CNRS 7033, 74 rue Marcel Cachin F-93017 Bobigny cedex, France, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR CNRS 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Equipe BRICS, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6270, Boulevard Maurice de Broglie F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
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Micaelo NM, Macedo AL, Goodfellow BJ, Félix V. Tetrapyrrole binding affinity of the murine and human p22HBP heme-binding proteins. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:396-405. [PMID: 20800521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the first systematic molecular modeling study of the binding properties of murine (mHBP) and human (hHBP) p22HBP protein (heme-binding protein) with four tetrapyrrole ring systems belonging to the heme biosynthetic pathway: iron protoporphyrin IX (HEMIN), protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), coproporphyrin III (CPIII), coproporphyrin I (CPI). The relative binding affinities predicted by our computational study were found to be similar to those observed experimentally, providing a first rational structural analysis of the molecular recognition mechanism, by p22HBP, toward a number of different tetrapyrrole ligands. To probe the structure of these p22HBP protein complexes, docking, molecular dynamics and MM-PBSA methodologies supported by experimental NMR ring current shift data have been employed. The tetrapyrroles studied were found to bind murine p22HBP with the following binding affinity order: HEMIN> PPIX> CPIII> CPI, which ranged from -22.2 to -6.1 kcal/mol. In general, the protein-tetrapyrrole complexes are stabilized by non-bonded interactions between the tetrapyrrole propionate groups and basic residues of the protein, and by the preferential solvation of the complex compared to the unbound components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M Micaelo
- Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Red blood cells release factors with growth and survival bioactivities for normal and leukemic T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:111-21. [PMID: 20440295 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human red blood cells are emerging as a cell type capable to regulate biological processes of neighboring cells. Hereby, we show that human red blood cell conditioned media contains bioactive factors that favor proliferation of normal activated T cells and leukemic Jurkat T cells, and therefore called erythrocyte-derived growth and survival factors. Flow cytometry and electron microscopy in parallel with bioactivity assays revealed that the erythrocyte factors are present in the vesicle-free supernatant, which contains up to 20 different proteins. The erythrocyte factors are thermosensitive and do not contain lipids. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by passive elution and mass spectrometry identification reduced the potential erythrocyte factors to hemoglobin and peroxiredoxin II. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis of the erythrocyte factors revealed the presence of multiple hemoglobin oxy-deoxy states and peroxiredoxin II isoforms differing in their isoelectric point akin to the presence of β-globin chains. Our results show that red blood cells release protein factors with the capacity to sustain T-cell growth and survival. These factors may have an unforeseen role in sustaining malignant cell growth and survival in vivo.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Severance
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Hepcidin, the hormone of iron metabolism, is bound specifically to alpha-2-macroglobulin in blood. Blood 2009; 113:6225-36. [PMID: 19380872 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-201590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a major regulator of iron metabolism. Hepcidin-based therapeutics/diagnostics could play roles in hematology in the future, and thus, hepcidin transport is crucial to understand. In this study, we identify alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2-M) as the specific hepcidin-binding molecule in blood. Interaction of 125I-hepcidin with alpha2-M was identified using fractionation of plasma proteins followed by native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Hepcidin binding to nonactivated alpha2-M displays high affinity (Kd 177 +/- 27 nM), whereas hepcidin binding to albumin was nonspecific and displayed nonsaturable kinetics. Surprisingly, the interaction of hepcidin with activated alpha2-M exhibited a classical sigmoidal binding curve demonstrating cooperative binding of 4 high-affinity (Kd 0.3 microM) hepcidin-binding sites. This property probably enables efficient sequestration of hepcidin and its subsequent release or inactivation that may be important for its effector functions. Because alpha2-M rapidly targets ligands to cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, the binding of hepcidin to alpha2-M may influence its functions. In fact, the alpha2-M-hepcidin complex decreased ferroportin expression in J774 cells more effectively than hepcidin alone. The demonstration that alpha2-M is the hepcidin transporter could lead to better understanding of hepcidin physiology, methods for its sensitive measurement and the development of novel drugs for the treatment of iron-related diseases.
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20
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Whitnall M, Rahmanto YS, Sutak R, Xu X, Becker EM, Mikhael MR, Ponka P, Richardson DR. The MCK mouse heart model of Friedreich's ataxia: Alterations in iron-regulated proteins and cardiac hypertrophy are limited by iron chelation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9757-62. [PMID: 18621680 PMCID: PMC2474513 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804261105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for the cardiomyopathy of the most common autosomal recessive ataxia, Friedreich's ataxia (FA). The identification of potentially toxic mitochondrial (MIT) iron (Fe) deposits in FA suggests that Fe plays a role in its pathogenesis. This study used the muscle creatine kinase conditional frataxin (Fxn) knockout (mutant) mouse model that reproduces the classical traits associated with cardiomyopathy in FA. We examined the mechanisms responsible for the increased cardiac MIT Fe loading in mutants. Moreover, we explored the effect of Fe chelation on the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy. Our investigation showed that increased MIT Fe in the myocardium of mutants was due to marked transferrin Fe uptake, which was the result of enhanced transferrin receptor 1 expression. In contrast to the mitochondrion, cytosolic ferritin expression and the proportion of cytosolic Fe were decreased in mutant mice, indicating cytosolic Fe deprivation and markedly increased MIT Fe targeting. These studies demonstrated that loss of Fxn alters cardiac Fe metabolism due to pronounced changes in Fe trafficking away from the cytosol to the mitochondrion. Further work showed that combining the MIT-permeable ligand pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone with the hydrophilic chelator desferrioxamine prevented cardiac Fe loading and limited cardiac hypertrophy in mutants but did not lead to overt cardiac Fe depletion or toxicity. Fe chelation did not prevent decreased succinate dehydrogenase expression in the mutants or loss of cardiac function. In summary, we show that loss of Fxn markedly alters cellular Fe trafficking and that Fe chelation limits myocardial hypertrophy in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Whitnall
- *Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- *Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Robert Sutak
- *Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xiangcong Xu
- *Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Erika M. Becker
- *Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marc R. Mikhael
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Prem Ponka
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Des R. Richardson
- *Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Tang J, Gao M, Deng C, Zhang X. Recent development of multi-dimensional chromatography strategies in proteome research. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:123-32. [PMID: 18289947 PMCID: PMC7185551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a complementary approach to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), multi-dimensional chromatography separation methods have been widely applied in all kinds of biological sample investigations. Multi-dimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC) coupled with bio-mass spectrometry (MS) is playing important roles in proteome research due to its high speed, high resolution and high sensitivity. Proteome analysis strategies mainly include bottom-up and top-down approaches which carry out biological sample separation based on peptide and protein levels, respectively. Electrophoretic methods combined with liquid chromatography like IEF-HPLC and HPLC-SDS-PAGE have been successful applied for protein separations. As for MDLC strategy, ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) together with reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is still a most widely used chromatography in proteome analysis, other chromatographic methods are also frequently used in protein pre-fractionations, while affinity chromatography is usually adopted for specific functional protein analysis. Recent MDLC technologies and applications to variety of proteome analysis have been achieved great development. A digest peptide-based approach as so-called "bottom-up" and intact protein-based approach "top-down" analysis of proteome samples were briefly reviewed in this paper. The diversity of combinations of different chromatography modes to set up MDLC systems was demonstrated and discussed. Novel developments of MDLC techniques such as high-abundance protein depletion and chromatography array were also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Petrak J, Myslivcova D, Man P, Cmejlova J, Cmejla R, Vyoral D. Proteomic analysis of erythroid differentiation induced by hexamethylene bisacetamide in murine erythroleukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:193-202. [PMID: 17258068 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells are transformed erythroid precursors that are arrested in an immature and proliferating state. These leukemic cells can be grown in cell cultures and induced to terminal erythroid differentiation by a treatment with a specific chemical inducer such as N,N'-hexamethylene bisacetamide. MEL cells then re-enter their original erythroid program and differentiate along the erythroid pathway into non-dividing hemoglobin-rich cells resembling orthochromatophilic normoblasts. To deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying and erythroid differentiation and leukemia we monitored changes in protein expression in differentiating MEL cells. METHODS In our effort to find new candidate proteins involved in the differentiation of MEL cells, we embraced a proteomic approach. Employing two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry, we compared protein expression in non-induced MEL cells with MEL cells exposed to N,N'-hexamethylene bisacetamide for 48 h. RESULTS From 700 proteins spots observed, 31 proteins were differentially expressed. We successfully identified 27 of the differentially expressed molecules by mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). CONCLUSION In addition to proteins involved in heme biosynthesis, protein metabolism, stress defense and cytoskeletal organization, we identified 3 proteins engaged in regulation of cellular trafficking and 7 proteins important for regulation of gene expression and cell cycle progression including 3 components of chromatin remodeling complexes. Many of the identified molecules are associated with erythroid differentiation or leukemia for the first time. To our knowledge, this is the first study applying a modern proteomic approach to the direct analysis of erythroid differentiation of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Petrak
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
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23
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Xu X, Sutak R, Richardson DR. Iron chelation by clinically relevant anthracyclines: alteration in expression of iron-regulated genes and atypical changes in intracellular iron distribution and trafficking. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 73:833-44. [PMID: 18029550 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.041335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are effective anticancer agents. However, their use is limited by cardiotoxicity, an effect linked to their ability to chelate iron and to perturb iron metabolism (Mol Pharmacol 68:261-271, 2005). These effects on iron-trafficking remain poorly understood, but they are important to decipher because treatment for anthracycline cardiotoxicity uses the chelator, dexrazoxane. Incubation of cells with doxorubicin (DOX) up-regulated mRNA levels of the iron-regulated genes transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) and N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (Ndrg1). This effect was mediated by iron depletion, because it was reversed by adding iron and it was prevented by saturating the anthracycline metal binding site with iron. However, DOX did not act like a typical chelator, because it did not induce cellular iron mobilization. In the presence of DOX and (59)Fe-transferrin, iron-trafficking studies demonstrated ferritin-(59)Fe accumulation and decreased cytosolic-(59)Fe incorporation. This could induce cytosolic iron deficiency and increase TfR1 and Ndrg1 mRNA. Up-regulation of TfR1 and Ndrg1 by DOX was independent of anthracycline-mediated radical generation and occurred via hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha-independent mechanisms. Despite increased TfR1 and Ndrg1 mRNA after DOX treatment, this agent decreased TfR1 and Ndrg1 protein expression. Hence, the effects of DOX on iron metabolism were complex because of its multiple effector mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia
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Dias JS, Macedo AL, Ferreira GC, Peterson FC, Volkman BF, Goodfellow BJ. The First Structure from the SOUL/HBP Family of Heme-binding Proteins, Murine P22HBP. J Biol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dias JS, Macedo AL, Ferreira GC, Peterson FC, Volkman BF, Goodfellow BJ. The First Structure from the SOUL/HBP Family of Heme-binding Proteins, Murine P22HBP. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:31553-61. [PMID: 16905545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605988200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine p22HBP, a 22-kDa monomer originally identified as a cytosolic heme-binding protein ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, has 27% sequence identity to murine SOUL, a heme-binding hexamer specifically expressed in the retina. In contrast to murine SOUL, which binds one heme per subunit via coordination of the Fe(III)-heme to a histidine, murine p22HBP binds one heme molecule per subunit with no specific axial ligand coordination of the Fe(III)-heme. Using intrinsic protein fluorescence quenching, the values for the dissociation constants of p22HBP for hemin and protoporphyrin-IX were determined to be in the low nanomolar range. The three-dimensional structure of murine p22HBP, the first for a protein from the SOUL/HBP family, was determined by NMR methods to consist of a 9-stranded distorted beta-barrel flanked by two long alpha-helices. Although homologous domains have been found in three bacterial proteins, two of which are transcription factors, the fold determined for p22HBP corresponds to a novel alpha plus beta fold in a eukaryotic protein. Chemical shift mapping localized the tetrapyrrole binding site to a hydrophobic cleft formed by residues from helix alphaA and an extended loop. In an attempt to assess the structural basis for tetrapyrrole binding in the SOUL/HBP family, models for the p22HBP-protoporphyrin-IX complex and the SOUL protein were generated by manual docking and automated methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Dias
- Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Nováková Z, Man P, Novák P, Hozák P, Hodný Z. Separation of nuclear protein complexes by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1277-87. [PMID: 16502463 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus is a highly structured organelle with distinct compartmentalization of specific functions. To understand the functions of these nuclear compartments, detailed description of protein complexes which form these structures is of crucial importance. We explored therefore the potential of blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE) method for the separation of nuclear protein complexes. We focused on (i) solubility and stability of nuclear complexes under conditions prerequisite for the separation by BN-PAGE, (ii) improved separation of native nuclear protein complexes using 2-D colorless native/blue native PAGE (CN-/BN-PAGE), and (iii) mass spectrometric analysis of protein complexes which were isolated directly from native 1-D or from 2-D CN/BN-PAGE gels. The suitability of BN-PAGE for nuclear proteomic research is demonstrated by the successful separation of polymerase I and polymerase II complexes, and by mass spectrometric determination of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle composition. Moreover, practical advice for sample preparation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Nováková
- Department of Cell Ultrastructure and Molecular Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praque, Czech Republic
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27
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Tsiftsoglou AS, Tsamadou AI, Papadopoulou LC. Heme as key regulator of major mammalian cellular functions: molecular, cellular, and pharmacological aspects. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111:327-45. [PMID: 16513178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) exists as prosthetic group in several hemoproteins, which include respiration cytochromes, gas sensors, P450 enzymes (CYPs), catalases, peroxidases, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), guanyl cyclases, and even transcriptional factors. Hemin (the oxidized form of iron protoporphyrin IX) on the other hand is an essential regulator of gene expression and growth promoter of hematopoietic progenitor cells. This review is focused on the major developments occurred in this field of heme biosynthesis and catabolism and their implications in our understanding the pathogenesis of heme-related disorders like anemias, acute porphyrias, hematological malignancies (leukemias), and other disorders. Heme is transported into hematopoietic cells and enters the nucleus where it activates gene expression by removing transcriptional potential repressors, like Bach1, from enhancer DNA sequences. Evidence also exists to indicate that heme acts like a signaling ligand in cell respiration and metabolism, stress response adaptive processes, and even transcription of several genes. Impaired heme biosynthesis or heme deficiency lead to hematological disorders, tissue degeneration, and aging, while heme prevents cell damage via activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene. Therefore, heme, besides being a key regulator of mammalian functions, can be also a useful therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other drugs in several heme-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki GR54124, Macedonia, Greece.
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28
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447491 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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