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Kathiriya MR, Vekariya YV, Hati S. Understanding the Probiotic Bacterial Responses Against Various Stresses in Food Matrix and Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10104-3. [PMID: 37347421 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are known to have ability to tolerate inhospitable conditions experienced during food preparation, food storage, and gastrointestinal tract of consumer. As probiotics are living cells, they are adversely affected by the harsh environment of the carrier matrix as well as low pH, bile salts, oxidative stress, osmotic pressure, and commensal microflora of the host. To overcome the unfavorable environments, many probiotics switch on the cell-mediated protection mechanisms, which helps them to survive, acclimatize and remain operational in the harsh circumstances. In this review, we provide comprehensive understanding on the different stresses experienced by the probiotic when added in carrier food as well as during human gastrointestinal tract transit. Under such situation how these health beneficial bacteria protect themselves by activation of several defense systems and get adapted to the lethal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mital R Kathiriya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India
| | - Yogesh V Vekariya
- Department. of Dairy Engineering, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India.
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Padilla P, Estévez M, Andrade MJ, Peña FJ, Delgado J. Proteomics reveal the protective effects of chlorogenic acid on Enterococcus faecium Q233 in a simulated pro-oxidant colonic environment. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111464. [PMID: 35761697 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Certain phytochemicals have been found to promote the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria although the molecular mechanisms of such interactions are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the exposure to 0.5 mM chlorogenic acid (CA) on the redox status and proteome of Enterococcus faecium isolated from cheese and challenged with 2.5 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The bacterium was incubated in anaerobic conditions for 48 h at 37 °C. CA exposure led to a more intense oxidative stress and accretion of bacterial protein carbonyls than those induced by H2O2. The oxidative damage to bacterial proteins was even more severe in the bacterium treated with both CA and H2O2, yet, such combination led to a strengthening of the antioxidant defenses, namely, a catalase-like activity. The proteomic study indicated that H2O2 caused a decrease in energy supply and the bacterium responded by reinforcing the membrane and wall structures and counteracting the redox and pH imbalance. CA stimulated the accretion of proteins related to translation and transcription regulators, and hydrolases. This phytochemical was able to counteract certain proteomic changes induced by H2O2 (i.e. increase of ATP binding cassete (ABC) transporter complex) and cause the increase of Rex, a redox-sensitive protein implicated in controlling metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. Although this protection should be confirmed under in vivo conditions, such effects point to benefits in animals or humans affected by disorders in which oxidative stress plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padilla
- Food Technology and Quality (TECAL), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain; Food Hygiene and Safety (HISEALI), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Estévez
- Food Technology and Quality (TECAL), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - M J Andrade
- Food Hygiene and Safety (HISEALI), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - F J Peña
- Spermatology Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J Delgado
- Food Hygiene and Safety (HISEALI), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Proteomic perspectives on thermotolerant microbes: an updated review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:629-646. [PMID: 34671903 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thermotolerant microbes are a group of microorganisms that survive in elevated temperatures. The thermotolerant microbes, which are found in geothermal heat zones, grow at temperatures of or above 45°C. The proteins present in such microbes are optimally active at these elevated temperatures. Hence, therefore, serves as an advantage in various biotechnological applications. In the last few years, scientists have tried to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the maintenance of the structural integrity of the cell and to study the stability of various thermotolerant proteins at extreme temperatures. Proteomic analysis is the solution for this search. Applying novel proteomic tools determines the proteins involved in the thermostability of microbes at elevated temperatures. METHODS Advanced proteomic techniques like Mass spectrometry, nano-LC-MS, protein microarray, ICAT, iTRAQ, and SILAC could enable the screening and identification of novel thermostable proteins. RESULTS This review provides up-to-date details on the protein signature of various thermotolerant microbes analyzed through advanced proteomic tools concerning relevant research articles. The protein complex composition from various thermotolerant microbes cultured at different temperatures, their structural arrangement, and functional efficiency of the protein was reviewed and reported. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of thermotolerant microbes, their enzymes, and the proteomic tools implemented to characterize them. This article also reviewed a comprehensive view of the current proteomic approaches for protein profiling in thermotolerant microbes.
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Uriot O, Kebouchi M, Lorson E, Galia W, Denis S, Chalancon S, Hafeez Z, Roux E, Genay M, Blanquet-Diot S, Dary-Mourot A. Identification of Streptococcus thermophilus Genes Specifically Expressed under Simulated Human Digestive Conditions Using R-IVET Technology. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061113. [PMID: 34064045 PMCID: PMC8224003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising health effects, the probiotic status of Streptococcus thermophilus, a lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy industry, requires further documentation of its physiological status during human gastrointestinal passage. This study aimed to apply recombinant-based in vivo technology (R-IVET) to identify genes triggered in a S. thermophilus LMD-9 reference strain under simulated digestive conditions. First, the R-IVET chromosomal cassette and plasmid genomic library were designed to positively select activated genes. Second, recombinant clones were introduced into complementary models mimicking the human gut, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) gastrointestinal model imitating the human stomach and small intestine, the Caco-2 TC7 cell line as a model of intestinal epithelium, and anaerobic batch cultures of human feces as a colon model. All inserts of activated clones displayed a promoter activity that differed from one digestive condition to another. Our results also showed that S. thermophilus adapted its metabolism to stressful conditions found in the gastric and colonic competitive environment and modified its surface proteins during adhesion to Caco-2 TC7 cells. Activated genes were investigated in a collection of S. thermophilus strains showing various resistance levels to gastrointestinal stresses, a first stage in the identification of gut resistance markers and a key step in probiotic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Uriot
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
- UMR 454 MEDIS Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.D.); (S.C.); (S.B.-D.)
| | - Mounira Kebouchi
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Emilie Lorson
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Wessam Galia
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
- UMR 5557 Microbial Ecology, Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- UMR 454 MEDIS Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.D.); (S.C.); (S.B.-D.)
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- UMR 454 MEDIS Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.D.); (S.C.); (S.B.-D.)
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Emeline Roux
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
- INRIA/IRISA, GenScale Bioinformatics Team, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Magali Genay
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 MEDIS Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.D.); (S.C.); (S.B.-D.)
| | - Annie Dary-Mourot
- EA 7488 Calbinotox Composés Alimentaires Biofonctionnalités & Risque Neurotoxique, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (O.U.); (M.K.); (E.L.); (W.G.); (Z.H.); (E.R.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Giaretta S, Treu L, Vendramin V, da Silva Duarte V, Tarrah A, Campanaro S, Corich V, Giacomini A. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Streptococcus thermophilus TH1436 and TH1477 Showing Different Capability in the Use of Galactose. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1765. [PMID: 30131781 PMCID: PMC6090898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is a species widely used in the dairy industry for its capability to rapidly ferment lactose and lower the pH. The capability to use galactose produced from lactose hydrolysis is strain dependent and most of commercial S. thermophilus strains are galactose-negative (Gal−), although galactose-positive (Gal+) would be more technologically advantageous because this feature could provide additional metabolic products and prevent galactose accumulation in foods. In this study, a next generation sequencing transcriptome approach was used to compare for the first time a Gal+ and a Gal− strain to characterize their whole metabolism and shed light on their different properties, metabolic performance and gene regulation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that all genes of the gal operon were expressed very differently in Gal+ and in the Gal− strains. The expression of several genes involved in mixed acid fermentation, PTS sugars transporter and stress response were found enhanced in Gal+. Conversely, genes related to amino acids, proteins metabolism and CRISPR associated proteins were under-expressed. In addition, the strains showed a diverse series of predicted genes controlled by the transcriptional factor catabolite control protein A (CcpA). Overall, transcriptomic analysis suggests that the Gal+ strain underwent a metabolic remodeling to cope with the changed environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giaretta
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Veronica Vendramin
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Armin Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Wu H, Zhao Y, Du Y, Miao S, Liu J, Li Y, Caiyin Q, Qiao J. Quantitative proteomics of Lactococcus lactis F44 under cross-stress of low pH and lactate. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6872-6884. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Streptococcus thermophilus: From yogurt starter to a new promising probiotic candidate? J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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8
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D'Angelo L, Cicotello J, Zago M, Guglielmotti D, Quiberoni A, Suárez V. Leuconostoc strains isolated from dairy products: Response against food stress conditions. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:28-39. [PMID: 28576370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study about the intrinsic resistance of 29 strains (26 autochthonous and 3 commercial ones), belonging to Leuconostoc genus, against diverse stress factors (thermal, acidic, alkaline, osmotic and oxidative) commonly present at industrial or conservation processes were evaluated. Exhaustive result processing was made by applying one-way ANOVA, Student's test (t), multivariate analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Matrix Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. In addition, heat adaptation on 4 strains carefully selected based on previous data analysis was assayed. The strains revealed wide diversity of resistance to stress factors and, in general, a clear relationship between resistance and Leuconostoc species was established. In this sense, the highest resistance was shown by Leuconostoc lactis followed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains, while Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum strains revealed the lowest resistance to the stress factors applied. Heat adaptation improved thermal cell survival and resulted in a cross-resistance against the acidic factor. However, all adapted cells showed diminished their oxidative resistance. According to our knowledge, this is the first study regarding response of Leuconostoc strains against technological stress factors and could establish the basis for the selection of "more robust" strains and propose the possibility of improving their performance during industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa D'Angelo
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Cicotello
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miriam Zago
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Daniela Guglielmotti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Quiberoni
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Viviana Suárez
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important starter, commensal, or pathogenic microorganisms. The stress physiology of LAB has been studied in depth for over 2 decades, fueled mostly by the technological implications of LAB robustness in the food industry. Survival of probiotic LAB in the host and the potential relatedness of LAB virulence to their stress resilience have intensified interest in the field. Thus, a wealth of information concerning stress responses exists today for strains as diverse as starter (e.g., Lactococcus lactis), probiotic (e.g., several Lactobacillus spp.), and pathogenic (e.g., Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp.) LAB. Here we present the state of the art for LAB stress behavior. We describe the multitude of stresses that LAB are confronted with, and we present the experimental context used to study the stress responses of LAB, focusing on adaptation, habituation, and cross-protection as well as on self-induced multistress resistance in stationary phase, biofilms, and dormancy. We also consider stress responses at the population and single-cell levels. Subsequently, we concentrate on the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope. Stress-induced responses of probiotic LAB and commensal/pathogenic LAB are highlighted separately due to the complexity of the peculiar multistress conditions to which these bacteria are subjected in their hosts. Induction of prophages under environmental stresses is then discussed. Finally, we present systems-based strategies to characterize the "stressome" of LAB and to engineer new food-related and probiotic LAB with improved stress tolerance.
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10
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Functional properties of Lactobacillus plantarum strains: A study in vitro of heat stress influence. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Cafaro C, Bonomo MG, Rossano R, Larocca M, Salzano G. Efficient recovery of whole cell proteins in Oenococcus oeni—a comparison of different extraction protocols for high-throughput malolactic starter applications. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 59:399-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Salzano AM, Novi G, Arioli S, Corona S, Mora D, Scaloni A. Mono-dimensional blue native-PAGE and bi-dimensional blue native/urea-PAGE or/SDS-PAGE combined with nLC–ESI-LIT-MS/MS unveil membrane protein heteromeric and homomeric complexes in Streptococcus thermophilus. J Proteomics 2013; 94:240-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Cole JN, Henningham A, Gillen CM, Ramachandran V, Walker MJ. Human pathogenic streptococcal proteomics and vaccine development. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:387-410. [PMID: 21136841 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive streptococci are non-motile, chain-forming bacteria commonly found in the normal oral and bowel flora of warm-blooded animals. Over the past decade, a proteomic approach combining 2-DE and MS has been used to systematically map the cellular, surface-associated and secreted proteins of human pathogenic streptococcal species. The public availability of complete streptococcal genomic sequences and the amalgamation of proteomic, genomic and bioinformatic technologies have recently facilitated the identification of novel streptococcal vaccine candidate antigens and therapeutic agents. The objective of this review is to examine the constituents of the streptococcal cell wall and secreted proteome, the mechanisms of transport of surface and secreted proteins, and describe the current methodologies employed for the identification of novel surface-displayed proteins and potential vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Cole
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Koponen J, Laakso K, Koskenniemi K, Kankainen M, Savijoki K, Nyman TA, de Vos WM, Tynkkynen S, Kalkkinen N, Varmanen P. Effect of acid stress on protein expression and phosphorylation in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. J Proteomics 2012; 75:1357-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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15
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A proteome reference map and virulence factors analysis of Yersinia pestis 91001. J Proteomics 2012; 75:894-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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SDS–PAGE patterns of whole cell proteins of Streptococcus thermophilus: impact of strain, growth phase and adaptation and relationship with stress response. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Roger P, Delettre J, Bouix M, Béal C. Characterization of Streptococcus salivarius growth and maintenance in artificial saliva. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:631-41. [PMID: 21672100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To help gain a better understanding of factors influencing the establishment within the oral cavity of Streptococcus salivarius K12, a commensal oral bacterium, we characterized its behaviour in artificial saliva. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptococcus salivarius K12 was grown in artificial saliva complemented with a representative meal, under oral pH and temperature conditions. Exponential growth phase was characterized by a high specific growth rate (2.8 h(-1)). During maintenance phase, an uncoupling between growth and lactic acid production occurred, which allowed maintaining viability (95%), intracellular pH (6.6) and membrane polarisation (95%), and thus proton motive force. However, in late stationary phase, viability (64%) and vitality were degraded as a result of lower synthesis of energetic and glycogen-related proteins as compared to a richer medium. CONCLUSIONS Streptococcus salivarius was able to rapidly grow in complemented artificial saliva. Nevertheless, a degradation of its physiological state was observed in late-stationary phase. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work demonstrates, for the first time, that artificial saliva was a convenient medium that permitted Strep. salivarius to grow in oral conditions (physico-chemical environment, addition of meals) but not to maintain cellular viability and vitality in starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roger
- AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR782, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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18
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Arioli S, Roncada P, Salzano AM, Deriu F, Corona S, Guglielmetti S, Bonizzi L, Scaloni A, Mora D. The relevance of carbon dioxide metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:1953-1965. [PMID: 19372152 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.024737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is a major component of dairy starter cultures used for the manufacture of yoghurt and cheese. In this study, the CO(2) metabolism of S. thermophilus DSM 20617(T), grown in either a N(2) atmosphere or an enriched CO(2) atmosphere, was analysed using both genetic and proteomic approaches. Growth experiments performed in a chemically defined medium revealed that CO(2) depletion resulted in bacterial arginine, aspartate and uracil auxotrophy. Moreover, CO(2) depletion governed a significant change in cell morphology, and a high reduction in biomass production. A comparative proteomic analysis revealed that cells of S. thermophilus showed a different degree of energy status depending on the CO(2) availability. In agreement with proteomic data, cells grown under N(2) showed a significantly higher milk acidification rate compared with those grown in an enriched CO(2) atmosphere. Experiments carried out on S. thermophilus wild-type and its derivative mutant, which was inactivated in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activities responsible for fixing CO(2) to organic molecules, suggested that the anaplerotic reactions governed by these enzymes have a central role in bacterial metabolism. Our results reveal the capnophilic nature of this micro-organism, underlining the essential role of CO(2) in S. thermophilus physiology, and suggesting potential applications in dairy fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, sezione di Proteomica, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Deriu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Bonizzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Milan, Italy
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Herve-Jimenez L, Guillouard I, Guedon E, Boudebbouze S, Hols P, Monnet V, Maguin E, Rul F. Postgenomic analysis of streptococcus thermophilus cocultivated in milk with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: involvement of nitrogen, purine, and iron metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2062-73. [PMID: 19114510 PMCID: PMC2663229 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01984-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most widely used lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, in particular in yoghurt manufacture, where it is associated with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. This bacterial association, known as a proto-cooperation, is poorly documented at the molecular and regulatory levels. We thus investigate the kinetics of the transcriptomic and proteomic modifications of S. thermophilus LMG 18311 in response to the presence of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 during growth in milk at two growth stages. Seventy-seven different genes or proteins (4.1% of total coding sequences), implicated mainly in the metabolism of nitrogen (24%), nucleotide base (21%), and iron (20%), varied specifically in coculture. One of the most unpredicted results was a significant decrease of most of the transcripts and enzymes involved in purine biosynthesis. Interestingly, the expression of nearly all genes potentially encoding iron transporters of S. thermophilus decreased, whereas that of iron-chelating dpr as well as that of the fur (perR) regulator genes increased, suggesting a reduction in the intracellular iron concentration, probably in response to H(2)O(2) production by L. bulgaricus. The present study reveals undocumented nutritional exchanges and regulatory relationships between the two yoghurt bacteria, which provide new molecular clues for the understanding of their associative behavior.
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Marcellin E, Gruber CW, Archer C, Craik DJ, Nielsen LK. Proteome analysis of the hyaluronic acid-producing bacterium, Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Proteome Sci 2009; 7:13. [PMID: 19327162 PMCID: PMC2670282 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a commensal of horses and an opportunistic pathogen in many animals and humans. Some strains produce copious amounts of hyaluronic acid, making S. zooepidemicus an important industrial microorganism for the production of this valuable biopolymer used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Encapsulation by hyaluronic acid is considered an important virulence factor in other streptococci, though the importance in S. zooepidemicus remains poorly understood. Proteomics may provide a better understanding of virulence factors in S. zooepidemicus, facilitate the design of better diagnostics and treatments, and guide engineering of superior production strains. RESULTS Using hyaluronidase to remove the capsule and by optimising cellular lysis, a reference map for S. zooepidemicus was completed. This protocol significantly increased protein recovery, allowing for visualisation of 682 spots and the identification of 86 proteins using mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF); of which 16 were membrane proteins. CONCLUSION The data presented constitute the first reference map for S. zooepidemicus and provide new information on the identity and characteristics of the more abundantly expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Australia.
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21
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Gagnaire V, Jardin J, Jan G, Lortal S. Invited review: Proteomics of milk and bacteria used in fermented dairy products: From qualitative to quantitative advances. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:811-25. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Down-regulation of SM22/transgelin gene expression during H9c2 cells differentiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 327:145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Di Carli M, Villani ME, Renzone G, Nardi L, Pasquo A, Franconi R, Scaloni A, Benvenuto E, Desiderio A. Leaf proteome analysis of transgenic plants expressing antiviral antibodies. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:838-48. [PMID: 19099506 DOI: 10.1021/pr800359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of exogenous antibodies in plant is an effective strategy to confer protection against viral infection or to produce molecules with pharmaceutical interest. However, the acceptance of the transgenic technology to obtain self-protecting plants depends on the assessment of their substantial equivalence compared to non-modified crops with an established history of safe use. In fact, the possibility exists that the introduction of transgenes in plants may alter expression of endogenous genes and/or normal production of metabolites. In this study, we investigated whether the expression in plant of recombinant antibodies directed against viral proteins may influence the host leaf proteome. Two transgenic plant models, generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, were analyzed for this purpose, namely, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. MicroTom and Nicotiana benthamiana, expressing recombinant antibodies against cucumber mosaic virus and tomato spotted wilt virus, respectively. To obtain a significant representation of plant proteomes, optimized extraction procedures have been devised for each plant species. The proteome repertoire of antibody-expressing and control plants was compared by 2-DE associated to DIGE technology. Among the 2000 spots detected within the gels, about 10 resulted differentially expressed in each transgenic model and were identified by MALDI-TOF PMF and muLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS procedures. Protein variations were restricted to a limited number of defined differences with an average ratio below 2.4. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were related to photosynthesis or defense function. The overall results suggest that the expression of recombinant antibodies in both systems does not significantly alter the leaf proteomic profile, contributing to assess the biosafety of resistant plants expressing antiviral antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariasole Di Carli
- Sezione Genetica e Genomica Vegetale, Dipartimento BAS-BIOTEC, ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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Zotta T, Asterinou K, Rossano R, Ricciardi A, Varcamonti M, Parente E. Effect of inactivation of stress response regulators on the growth and survival of Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi39. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 129:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Streit F, Delettre J, Corrieu G, Béal C. Acid adaptation ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusinduces physiological responses at membrane and cytosolic levels that improves cryotolerance. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1071-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Herve-Jimenez L, Guillouard I, Guedon E, Gautier C, Boudebbouze S, Hols P, Monnet V, Rul F, Maguin E. Physiology ofStreptococcus thermophilusduring the late stage of milk fermentation with special regard to sulfur amino-acid metabolism. Proteomics 2008; 8:4273-86. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Rocco M, Corrado G, Arena S, D'Ambrosio C, Tortiglione C, Sellaroli S, Marra M, Rao R, Scaloni A. The expression of tomato prosystemin gene in tobacco plants highly affects host proteomic repertoire. J Proteomics 2008; 71:176-85. [PMID: 18617145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemin, an octadecapeptide isolated from tomato, is a primary signal molecule involved in the local and systemic responses to pest attack, elicited by activation of a set of defence genes. It derives from processing of prosystemin, a prohormone of almost 200 amino acids. Prosystemin orthologues have been found in other Solanaceae species but not in tobacco, where are present hydroxyproline-rich peptides functionally but not structurally related to tomato systemin. Molecular events leading to the release of signalling peptides from protein precursors are unknown in plants; the occurrence of a family of signal molecules suggests that initiation of wound response may involve different processing mechanisms. It has been previously shown that the protein product from an engineered tomato prosystemin gene is processed in tobacco, thus suggesting that the components responsible for its post-translational modifications are present in this species. By analyzing analysing the proteome repertoire of transformed tobacco plant leaves with 2-DE, here we demonstrate that the constitutive expression of the tomato prosystemin gene highly affected host protein synthesis. In particular, engineered plants showed a number of differentially synthesized proteins that were identified by PMF MALDI-TOF and microLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS experiments as polypeptide species involved in protection from pathogens and oxidative stress, or in carbon/energy metabolism. Significant differences in over-produced proteins were observed with respect to previous data reported on systemin-engineered tomato plants. Our results strongly support the need of using proteomic approaches during systematic analysis of plant tissues to investigate the principle of substantial equivalence in transgenic plants expressing a transgene coding for a signalling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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28
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Diversity of stress responses in dairy thermophilic streptococci. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 124:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Lee K, Lee HG, Pi K, Choi YJ. The effect of low pH on protein expression by the probiotic bacteriumLactobacillus reuteri. Proteomics 2008; 8:1624-30. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Bernardini G, Arena S, Braconi D, Scaloni A, Santucci A. Novel identification of expressed genes and functional classification of hypothetical proteins from
Neisseria meningitidis
serogroup A. Proteomics 2007; 7:3342-7. [PMID: 17849410 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To implement the 2-DE database of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenA) and improve its potential of investigation in bacterial biology, cell extracts were separated by tricine-SDS-PAGE and 131 novel proteins were identified by microLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS. These identifications extended to 404, the number of MenA gene expression products characterized at the proteome level, approximately covering 20% of the total ORFs predicted from genome sequence. This technical approach was particularly useful in ascertaining expression of ribosomal as well as hypothetical proteins. Particular attention was paid to functional characterization of hypothetical proteins by means of software analyses and database searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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31
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Salzano AM, Arena S, Renzone G, D'Ambrosio C, Rullo R, Bruschi M, Ledda L, Maglione G, Candiano G, Ferrara L, Scaloni A. A widespread picture of theStreptococcus thermophilus proteome by cell lysate fractionation and gel-based/gel-free approaches. Proteomics 2007; 7:1420-33. [PMID: 17407180 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200601030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the group of lactic acid bacteria, Streptococcus thermophilus has found a wide application in industrial processes used for the manufacture of dairy products. Taking advantage of different proteome extraction and subfractionation protocols, bacterial cytosolic and membrane proteins were isolated and resolved by independent gel-free and gel-based separation procedures. Whole cytosolic fraction and its acid, basic and low molecular mass protein components were separated by different resolutive 2-DE and tricine 1-DE gels and identified by MALDI-TOF PMF and/or microLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS. Membrane proteins were resolved by 2-DE and SDS-PAGE gels and similarly identified by PMF and TMS analysis. In parallel, whole extract was trypsinized and resulting peptides were identified by shotgun 2-D LC-ESI-IT-MS/MS analysis. Using this combined approach, expression products corresponding to 458 different genes were identified, which cover almost a third of the predicted vegetative proteome. Relative protein concentration and hydrophobicity affected protein detection. Broad recognition was obtained for enzymes involved in carbohydrate, fatty acid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, replication, transcription, translation, cell wall synthesis, as well as for proteins affecting bacterial functions important for industrial applications, i.e. milk sugar import and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. By providing detailed reference electrophoretic/chromatographic maps to be used in future comparative proteomic investigations on bacteria grown under various experimental conditions or on different bacterial strains, our results will favour dedicated studies on S. thermophilus metabolism and its regulation or on detection of biomarkers for selection of optimal strains for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Renzone G, Salzano AM, Arena S, D'Ambrosio C, Scaloni A. Selective ion tracing and MSn analysis of peptide digests from FSBA-treated kinases for the analysis of protein ATP-binding sites. J Proteome Res 2007; 5:2019-24. [PMID: 16889425 DOI: 10.1021/pr0601234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinases play a key role in many cellular processes by catalyzing the transfer of phosphoryl groups from ATP to a broad number of substrates, including amino acids on target proteins. The reagent 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl-5'-adenosine (FSBA) has been widely used to identify ATP-binding sites in kinases since it reacts with nucleophilic amino acids occurring within these motifs, determining a mass increase of 433 Da. In this study, we present a versatile MS approach that has been developed to recognize labeled peptides generated after enzymatic digestion of FSBA-treated kinases. Using selective ion tracing and MS(2)/MS(3) experiments, we were able to easily identify peptides occurring at protein ATP-binding sites, also affording a complete characterization of the modified amino acids. This methodology may be used in the development of future parent ion scanning-based applications directed to large scale analysis of kinases within complex protein mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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BURITI F, CARDARELLI H, FILISETTI T, SAAD S. Synbiotic potential of fresh cream cheese supplemented with inulin and Lactobacillus paracasei in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Rocco M, D'Ambrosio C, Arena S, Faurobert M, Scaloni A, Marra M. Proteomic analysis of tomato fruits from two ecotypes during ripening. Proteomics 2006; 6:3781-91. [PMID: 16739135 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ripening of climacteric fruits is a complex physiological phenomenon, which makes berries attractive/palatable and also determines their nutritional characteristics. We report here a comparative proteomic investigation on tomato fruits from a regional and commercial elite ecotype during maturation. Several hundreds of protein components were resolved on 2-DE gels (pH range 4-7) stained with colloidal Coomassie; almost 57% presented overlapping gel coordinates between the two compared varieties. Specific proteins were recognized in each ecotype as differentially expressed during ripening. Constant and variable components were excised, in-gel digested and analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS and microLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS approaches. Peptide MS and MS/MS data were searched against publicly available protein and EST databases, and 83 protein spots were unambiguously identified by MS. Gel matching procedures allowed further identification of proteins between ecotypes. In general, common variably expressed proteins in both ecotypes during maturation were associated to important physiological processes such as redox status control, defence, stress, carbon metabolism, energy production and cellular signalling. Protein components differentially expressed in each variety were also identified. The role of some of the identified proteins in the berries is discussed in relation to tomato fruit ripening. Accordingly, this investigation provides the first characterization of the tomato fruit proteome and description of its variation during maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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