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Kong Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li X, Yang H, Miao M, Guo L. Electrochemical aptasensor based on a dual signal amplification strategy of 1-AP-CNHs and ROP for highly sensitive detection of ERα. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108793. [PMID: 39128408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) serves as a crucial biomarker for early breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we proposed an electrochemical aptasensor with nanomaterial carbon nanohorns/gold nanoparticle composites (1-AP-CNHs/AuNPs) as the substrate, and the primary amine groups on the antibody initiated the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of monomer amino acid-ferrocene (NCA-Fc) on the electrode surface for ultrasensitive detection of ERα. The composite of 1-AP-CNHs/AuNPs not only possessed more active sites, but also increased the specific surface area of the electrode and allowed a large amount of ferrocene polymer long chains to be grafted onto the electrode surface to achieve signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit of the method was 11.995 fg mL-1 with a detection range of 100 fg mL-1-100 ng mL-1. In addition, the biotin-streptavidin system was used to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Importantly, this approach could be applied for the practical detection of ERα in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Kong
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Liang Guo
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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2
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Perréard C, d'Orlyé F, Griveau S, Liu B, Bedioui F, Varenne A. Aptamer entrapment in microfluidic channel using one-step sol-gel process, in view of the integration of a new selective extraction phase for lab-on-a-chip. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2456-2461. [PMID: 28370135 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a great demand for integrating sample treatment into μTASs. In this context, we developed a new sol-gel phase for extraction of trace compounds in complex matrices. For this purpose, the incorporation of aptamers in silica-based gel within PDMS/glass microfluidic channels was performed for the first time by a one-step sol-gel process. The effective gel attachment onto microchannel walls and aptamer incorporation in the polymerized gel were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. A good gel stability and aptamer incorporation inside the microchannel was demonstrated upon rinsing and over storage time. The ability of gel-encapsulated aptamers to interact with its specific target (either sulforhodamine B as model fluorescent target, or diclofenac, a pain killer drug) was assessed too. The binding capacity of entrapped aptamers was quantified (in the micromolar range) and the selectivity of the interaction was evidenced. Preservation of aptamers binding affinity to target molecules was therefore demonstrated. Dissociation constant of the aptamer-target complex and interaction selectivity were evaluated similar to those in bulk solution. This opens the way to new selective on-chip SPE techniques for sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Perréard
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Fanny d'Orlyé
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Griveau
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Anne Varenne
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (U 1022), Paris, France.,CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, France
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3
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Wang C, Ouyang J, Wang YY, Ye DK, Xia XH. Sensitive assay of protease activity on a micro/nanofluidics preconcentrator fused with the fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection technique. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3216-21. [PMID: 24568176 DOI: 10.1021/ac500196s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive assay of protease activity on a micro/nanofluidics preconcentrator combining with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection technique has been developed in a homogeneous real-time format. First, the functionalized nanoprobes are formed by loading dye labeled protein onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in which, the photoluminescence of donor dye was strongly quenched by AuNPs due to FRET mechanisms. For protease activity assay, the nanoprobes are enriched by a micro/nanofluidics preconcentrator. When the target protease is transported to the enriched nanoprobes, cleavage of protein occurs as a consequence of molecular recognition of enzyme to substrate. The release of cleavage fragments from AuNPs nanoprobes leads to the enhancement of fluorescence and enables the protease activity assay on the micro/nanofluidics chip. As a demonstration, digestion of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dog serum albumin (FITC-DSA) by trypsin was used as a model reaction. Because of the highly efficient preconcentration and space confinement effect, significantly increased protein cleavage rate and protease assay sensitivity can be achieved with enhanced enzyme activity. The present micro/nanofluidics platform fused with the FRET detection technique is promising for fast and sensitive bioanalysis such as immunoassay, DNA hybridization, drug discovery, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
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4
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Liu S, Bao H, Zhang L, Chen G. Efficient proteolysis strategies based on microchip bioreactors. J Proteomics 2013; 82:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Lee J, Soper SA, Murray KK. A solid-phase bioreactor with continuous sample deposition for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:693-699. [PMID: 21337630 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a solid-phase proteolytic digestion and continuous deposition microfluidic chip platform for low volume fraction collection and off-line matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Tryptic peptides were formed in an on-chip bioreactor and continuously deposited onto a MALDI target plate using a motor-driven xyz stage. The bioreactor consisted of a 4 cm × 200 µm × 50 µm microfluidic channel with covalently immobilized trypsin on an array of 50 µm diameter micropost structures with a 50 µm edge-to-edge inter-post spacing. A 50 µm i.d. capillary tube was directly attached to the end of the bioreactor for continuous sample deposition. The MALDI target plate was modified by spin-coating a nitrocellulose solution containing a MALDI matrix on the surface prior to effluent deposition. Protein molecular weight standards were used for evaluating the performance of the digestion and continuous deposition system. Serpentine sample traces 200 µm wide were obtained with a 30 fmol/mm quantity deposition rate and a 3.3 nL/mm volumetric deposition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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6
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Liu Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Qu H, Liu B, Yang P. Improvement of proteolytic efficiency towards low-level proteins by an antifouling surface of alumina gel in a microchannel. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2887-2893. [PMID: 20927474 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic reactor has been developed for rapid enhancement of protein digestion by constructing an alumina network within a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) microchannel. Trypsin is stably immobilized in a sol-gel network on the PET channel surface after pretreatment, which produces a protein-resistant interface to reduce memory effects, as characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and electroosmotic flow. The gel-derived network within a microchannel provides a large surface-to-volume ratio stationary phase for highly efficient proteolysis of proteins existing both at a low level and in complex extracts. The maximum reaction rate of the encapsulated trypsin reactor, measured by kinetic analysis, is much faster than in bulk solution. Due to the microscopic confinement effect, high levels of enzyme entrapment and the biocompatible microenvironment provided by the alumina gel network, the low-level proteins can be efficiently digested using such a microreactor within a very short residence time of a few seconds. The on-chip microreactor is further applied to the identification of a mixture of proteins extracted from normal mouse liver cytoplasm sample via integration with 2D-LC-ESI-MS/MS to show its potential application for large-scale protein identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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7
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Zhang X, Liu B, Zhang L, Zou H, Cao J, Gao M, Tang J, Liu Y, Yang P, Zhang Y. Recent advances in proteolysis and peptide/protein separation by chromatographic strategies. Sci China Chem 2010; 53:685-694. [PMID: 32214996 PMCID: PMC7089403 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a broad glance on the progress of recent advances on proteolysis and peptide/protein separation by chromatographic strategies in the past ten years, covering the main research in these areas especially in China. The reviewed research focused on enzymatic micro-reactors and peptide separation in bottom-up approaches, and protein and peptide separation in top-down approaches. The new enzymatic micro-reactor is able to accelerate proteolytic reaction rate from conventionally a couple of hours to a few seconds, and the multiple dimensional chromatographic-separation with various models or arrays could sufficiently separate the proteomic mixture. These advances have significantly promoted the research of protein/peptide separation and identification in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangMin Zhang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - BaoHong Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - LiHua Zhang
- 2Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - HanFa Zou
- 2Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Jing Cao
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - MingXia Gao
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jia Tang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yun Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - PengYuan Yang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - YuKui Zhang
- 2Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
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8
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Liuni P, Rob T, Wilson DJ. A microfluidic reactor for rapid, low-pressure proteolysis with on-chip electrospray ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:315-320. [PMID: 20049884 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic reactor that enables rapid digestion of proteins prior to on-line analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is introduced. The device incorporates a wide (1.5 cm), shallow (10 microm) reactor 'well' that is functionalized with pepsin-agarose, a design that facilitates low-pressure operation and high clogging resistance. Electrospray ionization is carried out directly from a short metal capillary integrated into the chip outlet. Fabrication, involving laser ablation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is exceedingly straightforward and inexpensive. High sequence coverage spectra of myoglobin (Mb), ubiquitin (Ub) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) digests were obtained after <4 s of residence time in the reactor. Stress testing showed little loss of performance over approximately 2 h continuous use at high flow rates (30 microL/min). The device provides a convenient platform for a range of applications in proteomics and structural biology, i.e. to enable high-throughput workflows or to limit back-exchange in spatially resolved hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Liuni
- York University Chemistry Department, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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9
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Microfluidic chip: Next-generation platform for systems biology. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Bi H, Qiao L, Busnel JM, Liu B, Girault HH. Kinetics of Proteolytic Reactions in Nanoporous Materials. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4685-92. [DOI: 10.1021/pr9003954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Bi
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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11
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Qian K, Wan J, Qiao L, Huang X, Tang J, Wang Y, Kong J, Yang P, Yu C, Liu B. Macroporous Materials as Novel Catalysts for Efficient and Controllable Proteolysis. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5749-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900550q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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12
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West J, Becker M, Tombrink S, Manz A. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Latest Achievements. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4403-19. [PMID: 18498178 DOI: 10.1021/ac800680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan West
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marco Becker
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Tombrink
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Manz
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Xu X, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu B, Wu H, Yang P. Trypsin entrapped in poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) silica sol-gel microreactor coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1257-1264. [PMID: 18383213 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme-immobilized capillary microreactor for rapid protein digestion and proteomics analysis is reported. The inner surface of the fused-silica capillary was coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-entrapped silica sol-gel matrix, followed by assembly of trypsin onto the PDDA-modified surface via electrostatic adsorption. The immobilization parameters such as PDDA content in the sol-gel matrix, trypsin concentration and pH were investigated in detail. Protein samples including beta-casein, myoglobin and cytochrome c could be effectively digested and electrophoretically separated simultaneously in such a modified capillary. Just 2.26 ng (corresponding to 0.10-0.14 picomole) of sample was sufficient for on-line capillary electrophoresis peptide mapping. The efficiency of the digestion was further demonstrated by digestion of a human liver cytoplasm sample and 253 proteins were identified in one unique run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Wang H, Meng S, Guo K, Liu Y, Yang P, Zhong W, Liu B. Microfluidic immunosensor based on stable antibody-patterned surface in PMMA microchip. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Liu Y, Liu B, Yang P, Girault HH. Microfluidic enzymatic reactors for proteome research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:227-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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