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Zhang H, Wong CL, Shan SW, Li KK, Cheng AK, Lee KL, Ge J, To CH, Do CW. Characterisation of Cl‐ transporter and channels in experimentally induced myopic chick eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 94:528-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐Sen University, China
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
| | - Chun Lung Wong
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
| | - Sze Wan Shan
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
| | - King Kit Li
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
| | - Angela K Cheng
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
| | - Kam Len Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China, E‐mail:
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐Sen University, China
| | - Chi Ho To
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
| | - Chi Wai Do
- The Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and the
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2
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Hu L, Li K, Lin L, Qian F, Li P, Zhu L, Cai H, You L, Song J, Kok SHL, Lee KKH, Yang X, Cheng X. Reversine suppresses osteosarcoma cell growth through targeting BMP-Smad1/5/8-mediated angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2021; 135:104136. [PMID: 33450295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversine, or 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6cyclohexylaminopurine, is a 2,6-disubstituted purine derivative. This small molecule exhibits tumor-suppressive activities through different molecular mechanisms. In this study, in vitro and in vivo angiogenic models were used to elucidate the effect of Reversine on angiogenesis in the tumor suppression. Firstly, we grafted osteosarcoma-derived MNNG/HOS cell aggregates onto chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to examine the vascularization of these grafts following Reversine treatment. Following culture, it was determined that Reversine inhibited MNNG/HOS grafts growth, and decreased the density of blood vessels in the chick CAM. We then used CAM and chick embryonic yolk-sac membrane (YSM) to investigate the effects of Reversine on angiogenesis. The results revealed Reversine inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells, where cells were mainly arrested at G1/S phase of the cell cycle. Scratch-wound assay with HUVECs revealed that Reversine suppressed cell migration in vitro. Furthermore, endothelial cells tube formation assay and chick aortic arch sprouting assay demonstrated Reversine inhibited the sprouting, migration of endothelial cells. Lastly, qPCR and western blot analyses showed BMP-associated Smad1/5/8 signaling expressions were up-regulated by Reversine treatment. Our results showed that Reversine could suppress tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis through BMP signaling, and suggests a potential use of Reversine as an anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Hu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kanghu Li
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Qian
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lingsen You
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinhuan Song
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Stanton Hon Lung Kok
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Monasky MM, Cirillo F, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Reversine: A Synthetic Purine with a Dual Activity as a Cell Dedifferentiating Agent and a Selective Anticancer Drug. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3448-3462. [PMID: 30605049 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190103120725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic applications for adult and embryonic stem cells has dominated regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for several decades. However, since 2006, induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have taken center stage in the field, as they promised to overcome several limitations of the other stem cell types. Nonetheless, other promising approaches for adult cell reprogramming have been attempted over the years, even before the generation of iPSCs. In particular, two years before the discovery of iPSCs, the possibility of synthesizing libraries of large organic compounds, as well as the development of high-throughput screenings to quickly test their biological activity, enabled the identification of a 2,6-disubstituted purine, named reversine, which was shown to be able to reprogram adult cells to a progenitor-like state. Since its discovery, the effect of reversine has been confirmed on different cell types, and several studies on its mechanism of action have revealed its central role in inhibitory activity on several kinases implicated in cell cycle regulation and cytokinesis. These key features, together with its chemical nature, suggested a possible use of the molecule as an anti-cancer drug. Remarkably, reversine exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines in vitro and a significant effect in decreasing tumor progression and metastatization in vivo. Thus, 15 years since its discovery, this review aims at critically summarizing the current knowledge to clarify the dual role of reversine as a dedifferentiating agent and anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle M Monasky
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
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4
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Wu N, Gu T, Lu L, Cao Z, Song Q, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Chang G, Xu Q, Chen G. Roles of miRNA‐1 and miRNA‐133 in the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts in duck skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3490-3499. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Zhengfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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Park JG, Lee DH, Moon YS, Kim KH. Reversine increases the plasticity of lineage-committed preadipocytes to osteogenesis by inhibiting adipogenesis through induction of TGF-β pathway in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:30-6. [PMID: 24548409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reversine has been reported to reverse differentiation of lineage-committed cells to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which then enables them to be differentiated into other various lineages. Both adipocytes and osteoblasts are known to originate from common MSCs, and the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in MSCs is reported to modulate the progression of various human diseases, such as obesity and osteoporosis. However, the role of reversine in modulating the adipogenic potential of lineage-committed preadipocytes and their plasticity to osteogenesis is unclear. Here we report that reversine has an anti-adipogenic function in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro and alters cell morphology and viability. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway appears to be required for the anti-adipogenic effect of reversine, due to reversine-induced expression of genes involved in TGF-β pathway and reversal of reversine-inhibited adipogenesis by inhibition of TGF-β pathway. We show that treatment with reversine transformed 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into MSC-like cells, as evidenced by the expression of MSCs marker genes. This, in turn, allowed differentiation of lineage-committed 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to osteoblasts under the osteogenic condition in vitro. Collectively, these findings reveal a new function of reversine in reversing lineage-committed preadipocytes to osteogenesis in vitro, and provide new insights into adipose tissue-based regeneration of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Geun Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center, Sempio Foods Company, 183 Osongsaengmyeong 4ro, Osongeup, Cheongwongun, Chungcheongbukdo 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Soo Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Bijian K, Lougheed C, Su J, Xu B, Yu H, Wu JH, Riccio K, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Targeting focal adhesion turnover in invasive breast cancer cells by the purine derivative reversine. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2810-8. [PMID: 24169345 PMCID: PMC3844920 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dynamics of focal adhesion (FA) turnover is a key determinant for the regulation of cancer cell migration. Here we investigated FA turnover in a panel of breast cancer models with distinct invasive properties and evaluated the impact of reversine on this turnover in relation to cancer cell invasion in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods: Live imaging and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate FA turnover in breast cancer cells. Biochemical studies were used to investigate the impact of reversine on FA signalling and turnover. In vivo activity was investigated using orthotopic breast cancer mouse models. Results: Accelerated FA disassembly from plasma membrane protrusions was observed in invasive compared with non-invasive breast cancer cells or non-immortalised mammary epithelial cells. Reversine significantly inhibited FA disassembly leading to stable FAs, which was associated with reduced cell motility and invasion. The inhibitory effect of reversine on FA turnover accounted for a large part on its capacity to interfere with FAK function on regulating its downstream targets. In orthotopic breast cancer mouse models, reversine revealed a potent inhibitory activity on tumour progression to metastasis. Conclusion: These results support the utility of targeting FA turnover as a therapeutic approach for invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bijian
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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7
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Chen E, Tang MK, Yao Y, Yau WWY, Lo LM, Yang X, Chui YL, Chan J, Lee KKH. Silencing BRE expression in human umbilical cord perivascular (HUCPV) progenitor cells accelerates osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67896. [PMID: 23935848 PMCID: PMC3720665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BRE is a multifunctional adapter protein involved in DNA repair, cell survival and stress response. To date, most studies of this protein have been focused in the tumor model. The role of BRE in stem cell biology has never been investigated. Therefore, we have used HUCPV progenitor cells to elucidate the function of BRE. HUCPV cells are multipotent fetal progenitor cells which possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of mesenchymal cell lineages when chemically induced and can be more easily amplified in culture. In this study, we have established that BRE expression was normally expressed in HUCPV cells but become down-regulated when the cells were induced to differentiate. In addition, silencing BRE expression, using BRE-siRNAs, in HUCPV cells could accelerate induced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Hence, we postulated that BRE played an important role in maintaining the stemness of HUCPV cells. We used microarray analysis to examine the transcriptome of BRE-silenced cells. BRE-silencing negatively regulated OCT4, FGF5 and FOXO1A. BRE-silencing also altered the expression of epigenetic genes and components of the TGF-β/BMP and FGF signaling pathways which are crucially involved in maintaining stem cell self-renewal. Comparative proteomic profiling also revealed that BRE-silencing resulted in decreased expressions of actin-binding proteins. In sum, we propose that BRE acts like an adaptor protein that promotes stemness and at the same time inhibits the differentiation of HUCPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elve Chen
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kuen Tang
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Winifred Wing Yiu Yau
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok Man Lo
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiu Loon Chui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - John Chan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Synergistic antitumor activity of reversine combined with aspirin in cervical carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:643-53. [PMID: 23475158 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent report showed that reversine treatment could induce murine myoblasts dedifferentiation into multipotent progenitor cells and inhibit proliferation of some tumors, and other reports showed that apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells could be induced by aspirin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic antitumor effects of reversine and aspirin on cervical cancer. The inhibition rate of reversine and aspirin on cervical cancer cell lines' (HeLa and U14) was determined by MTT method, cell cycle of HeLa and U14 cells was analyzed by FACS, mitochondrial membrane potential of HeLa and U14 was detected using a JC-1 kit. HeLa and U14 colony formation was analyzed by soft agar colony formation assay. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2/Bax, cyclin D1 and p21 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting. Moreover, tumor weight and tumor volume was assessed using a murine model of cervical cancer with U14 cells subcutaneously (s.c.) administered into the neck, separately or combined with drug administration via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The inhibition rate of cells in the combination group (10 μmol/L reversine, 10 mmol/L aspirin) increased significantly in comparison to that when the drugs were used alone (P < 0.05); moreover, this combination could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of five cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, U14, Siha, Caski and C33A). In the therapeutic mouse model, tumor weight and tumor volume of cervical cancer bearing mice was more reduced when compared with the control agents (P < 0.05) in tumor-bearing mice. The combination of reversine and aspirin exerts synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on cervical cancers cells.
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Goljanek-Whysall K, Pais H, Rathjen T, Sweetman D, Dalmay T, Münsterberg A. Regulation of multiple target genes by miR-1 and miR-206 is pivotal for C2C12 myoblast differentiation. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3590-600. [PMID: 22595520 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of multiple messenger RNA targets. The miR-1/miR-206 family is expressed during skeletal muscle differentiation and is an integral component of myogenesis. To better understand miR-1/miR-206 function during myoblast differentiation we identified novel target mRNAs by microarray and characterized their function in C2C12 myoblasts. Candidate targets from the screen were experimentally validated together with target genes that were predicted by three different algorithms. Some targets characterised have a known function in skeletal muscle development and/or differentiation and include Meox2, RARB, Fzd7, MAP4K3, CLCN3 and NFAT5, others are potentially novel regulators of myogenesis, such as the chromatin remodelling factors Smarcd2 and Smarcb1 or the anti-apoptotic protein SH3BGRL3. The expression profiles of confirmed target genes were examined during C2C12 cell myogenesis. We found that inhibition of endogenous miR-1 and miR-206 by antimiRs blocked the downregulation of most targets in differentiating cells, thus indicating that microRNA activity and target interaction is required for muscle differentiation. Finally, we show that sustained expression of validated miR-1 and/or miR-206 targets resulted in increased proliferation and inhibition of C2C12 cell myogenesis. In many cases the expression of genes related to non-muscle cell fates, such as chondrogenesis, was activated. This indicates that the concerted downregulation of multiple microRNA targets is not only crucial to the skeletal muscle differentiation program but also serves to prevent alternative cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Su Y, Liu R, Sheng J, Liu H, Wang Y, Pan E, Guo W, Pu Y, Zhang J, Liang G, Tang D, Yin L. Malignant progression in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-deficient esophageal cancer cells is associated with Ezrin protein. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 31:856-66. [PMID: 22196440 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal function of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is reported to be associated with the occurrence of various tumors and malignant tumor progression. However, little evidence is available to describe its role in esophageal carcinogenesis. To address this issue, we constructed a stable MGMT-silenced esophageal cancer cell line by RNA interference, and exposed the cells to N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to investigate the role that MGMT plays in toxicity. During this time, we also observed the malignant behavior of cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to detect and confirm the proteins that were differentially expressed in the MGMT-deficient and MGMT-proficient cells, which might be responsible for the malignant alteration of cells. Results showed that the IC(50) of MGMT-deficient and MGMT-proficient cells exposed to MNNG was 30 μM and 65 μM, respectively, and MGMT-deficient cells had more aggressive motility and invasive abilities compared with MGMT-proficient cells. Nineteen differentially expressed proteins were detected between the MGMT-deficient and MGMT-proficient cells, 14 of which were identified, including the membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein, Ezrin, which was confirmed by both mass spectrometry and western blot analysis. The correlation between MGMT, Ezrin expression, and the malignant behavior of one normal epithelial esophageal cell line and seven esophageal cancer lines is discussed. In conclusion, loss of MGMT expression leads EC109 esophageal cancer cells to have increased malignant behavior, which may correlate with its high Ezrin protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Distinct regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activities is coupled with enhanced cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2011; 7:198-209. [PMID: 21907163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells is mandatory to provide functional heart muscle cells for novel therapies. Here, we have investigated the enhancing effect of the small molecule SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, on cardiomyogenesis in hESC by monitoring the phosphorylation patterns of the major MAPK pathway components p38, JNK and ERK by western immunoblotting. A remarkable drop in phosphorylation levels of all three MAPK pathways was induced after overnight embryoid body (EB) formation. Upon further differentiation, phosphorylation dynamics in EBs were specifically altered by distinct inhibitor concentrations. At 5μM of SB203580, cardiomyogenesis was most efficient and associated with the expected p38 pathway inhibition. In parallel, JNK activation was observed suggesting a regulatory interlink between these pathways in hESC ultimately supporting cardiac differentiation. In contrast, moderately elevated SB203580 concentrations (15-30μM) resulted in complete disruption of cardiomyogenesis which was associated with prominent inhibition of ERK and further elevated JNK activity. We propose that a tightly-balanced pattern in MAPK phosphorylation is important for early mesoderm and subsequent cardiomyocyte formation. Our data provide novel insights into molecular consequences of small molecule supplementation in hESC differentiation, emphasizing the role of MAPK-signaling.
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Jung DW, Williams DR. Novel chemically defined approach to produce multipotent cells from terminally differentiated tissue syncytia. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:553-62. [PMID: 21322636 DOI: 10.1021/cb2000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In urodele amphibians, a critical step in limb regeneration is the cellularization and dedifferentiation of skeletal muscle. In contrast, mammalian skeletal muscle does not undergo this response to injury. We have developed a novel simple, stepwise chemical method to induce dedifferentiation and multipotency in mammalian skeletal muscle. Optimal muscle fiber cellularization was induced by the trisubstituted purine small molecule, myoseverin, compared to colchicine, nocodazole, or myoseverin B. The induction of a proliferative response in the cellulate was found to be a crucial step in the dedifferentiation process. This was achieved by down-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 (CDKN 1A, CIP1). p21 was found to be a key regulator of this process, because down-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 (CDKN1B/KIP1) or p57 (CDKN1C/KIP2) or the tumor suppressor p53 (TP53/LFS1) failed to induce proliferation and subsequent dedifferentiation. Treatment with the small molecule reversine (2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine) during this proliferative "window" induced the muscle cellulate to differentiate into non-muscle cell types. This lineage switching was assessed using a relatively stringent approach, based on comparative functional and phenotypic assays of cell-type specific properties. This showed that our chemical method allowed the derivation of adipogenic and osteogenic cells that possessed a degree of functionality. This is the first demonstration that mammalian muscle culture can be induced to undergo cellularization, proliferation, and dedifferentiation, which is grossly similar to the key early steps in urodele limb regeneration. These results, based solely on the use of simple chemical approaches, have implications for both regenerative medicine and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- Small Molecule Regulators and Biosystems Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R. Williams
- Small Molecule Regulators and Biosystems Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yau WW, Tang MK, Chen E, Yaoyao, Wong IW, Lee HS, Lee KK. Cardiogenol C can induce Mouse Hair Bulge Progenitor Cells to Transdifferentiate into Cardiomyocyte-like Cells. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:3. [PMID: 21247432 PMCID: PMC3033794 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair bulge progenitor cells (HBPCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from the bulge region of mice vibrissal hairs. The purified HBPCs express CD34, K15 and K14 surface markers. It has been reported that HBPCs could be readily induced to transdifferentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes. However, the ability of HBPCs to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes has not yet been investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings The cardiomyogenic potential of HBPCs was investigated using a small cell-permeable molecule called Cardiogenol C. We established that Cardiogenol C could induce HBPCs to express transcription factors GATA4, Nkx2.5 and Tbx5, which are early specific markers for pre-cardiomyogenic cells. In prolonged cultures, the Cardiogenol C-treated HBPCs can also express muscle proteins, cardiac-specific troponin I and sarcomeric myosin heavy chain. However, we did not observe the ability of these cells to functionally contract. Hence, we called these cells cardiomyocyte-like cells rather than cardiomyocytes. We tried to remedy this deficiency by pre-treating HBPCs with Valproic acid first before exposing them to Cardiogenol C. This pretreatment inhibited, rather than improved, the effectiveness of Cardiogenol C in reprogramming the HBPCs. We used comparative proteomics to determine how Cardiogenol C worked by identifying proteins that were differentially expressed. We identified proteins that were involved in promoting cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte development and for the normal function of striated muscles. From those differentially expressed proteins, we further propose that Cardiogenol C might exert its effect by activating the Wnt signaling pathway through the suppression of Kremen1. In addition, by up-regulating the expression of chromatin remodeling proteins, SIK1 and Smarce1 would initiate cardiac differentiation. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, our CD34+/K15+ HBPCs could be induced to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells using a small molecule called Cardiogenol C. The process involves activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and altered expression of several key chromatin remodeling proteins. The finding is clinically significant as HBPCs offer a readily accessible and autologous source of progenitor cells for cell-based therapy of heart disease, which is one of major killers in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Wy Yau
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Saraiya M, Nasser R, Zeng Y, Addya S, Ponnappan RK, Fortina P, Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Reversine enhances generation of progenitor-like cells by dedifferentiation of annulus fibrosus cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1443-55. [PMID: 19947906 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with reversine, a purine analog, promoted generation of skeletal progenitor cells from lineage-committed annulus fibrosus cells. Reversine modulated cell growth, morphology, and the actin cytoskeleton of annulus fibrosus cells. Microarray profiling coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that reversine treatment resulted in a significant expression change in many genes including those required for cell-cell interaction, cell movement, cell growth, and development. Further analysis revealed that there was involvement of gene networks concerned with cellular assembly and organization, DNA replication and repair, tissue morphology, and cell-to-cell signaling. The gene expression profile was dependent on reversine concentration. In osteogenic media, cells pretreated with 300 nM reversine exhibited an increased induction in alkaline phosphatase activity and enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and collagen type I mRNA. Maintained in adipogenic media, the reversine-pretreated annulus cells displayed evidence of adipogenic differentiation: accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets and increased expression of PPAR-gamma2, LPL, and Fabp mRNA. In chondrogenic media, cells pretreated with reversine exhibited marked increase in the induction of aggrecan, collagen types II, IX, and XI, and versican. It is concluded that reversine treatment induced annulus fibrosus cell plasticity and promoted their differentiation along mesenchymal lineages. This agent could be used to generate skeletal progenitor cells to orchestrate the repair of the intervertebral disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Saraiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Anastasia L, Pelissero G, Venerando B, Tettamanti G. Cell reprogramming: expectations and challenges for chemistry in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1230-7. [PMID: 20168332 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of reprogramming adult somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has generated a renewed interest into stem cell research and promises to overcome several key issues, including the ethical concerns of using human embryonic stem cells and the difficulty of obtaining large numbers of adult stem cells (Belmonte et al., Nat Rev Genet, 2009). This approach is also not free from challenges like the mechanism of the reprogramming process, which has yet to be elucidated, and the warranties for safety of generated pluripotent cells, especially in view of their possible therapeutic use. Very recently, several new reprogramming methods have surfaced, which seem to be more appropriate than genetic reprogramming. Particularly, chemically induced pluripotent cells (CiPSs), obtained with recombinant proteins or small synthetic molecules, may represent a valid approach, simpler and possibly safer than the other ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anastasia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Li W, Ding S. Small molecules that modulate embryonic stem cell fate and somatic cell reprogramming. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 31:36-45. [PMID: 19896224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in stem cell biology, especially the development of induced pluripotent stem cell technique, have generated tremendous enthusiasm and efforts to explore the therapeutic potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Improved understanding of stem cell biology, in addition to better control of stem cell fate, is critical to realize this potential. Small molecules, targeting specific signaling pathways and/or mechanisms, have been shown to be useful chemical tools in manipulating cell fate, state and function. These small molecules are starting to play increasingly important roles in both elucidating the fundamental biology of stem cells and facilitating the development of therapeutic approaches toward regenerative medicine. Such approaches could involve cell replacement therapies using homogenous functional cells produced under chemically defined conditions in vitro and the development of small-molecule drugs that can stimulate patients' endogenous cells to repair and regenerate. Here, we review recent progress in using small molecules to sustain pluripotency, or induce differentiation of embryonic stem cells. We also highlight small molecules that can replace transcription factors and/or enhance efficiency during somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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17
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Fania C, Anastasia L, Vasso M, Papini N, Capitanio D, Venerando B, Gelfi C. Proteomic signature of reversine-treated murine fibroblasts by 2-D difference gel electrophoresis and MS: Possible associations with cell signalling networks. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2193-206. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wu J, Wang F, Gong Y, Li D, Sha J, Huang X, Han X. Proteomic Analysis of Changes Induced By Nonylphenol in Sprague−Dawley Rat Sertoli Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:668-75. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800406z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China, and Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing at the rate of 6-8% per annum in the US alone. At present, dialysis and transplantation remain the only treatment options. However, there is hope that stem cells and regenerative medicine may provide additional regenerative options for kidney disease. Such new treatments might involve induction of repair using endogenous or exogenous stem cells or the reprogramming of the organ to reinitiate development. This review addresses the current state of understanding with respect to the ability of non-renal stem cell sources to influence renal repair, the existence of endogenous renal stem cells and the biology of normal renal repair in response to damage. It also examines the remaining challenges and asks the question of whether there is one solution for all forms of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hopkins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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