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Khoshbakht R, Panahi S, Neshani A, Ghavidel M, Ghazvini K. Novel approaches to overcome Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Exploring quorum quenching as a potential solution. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106264. [PMID: 37474078 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for a variety of infections, such as nosocomial infections. In recent years, this pathogen has gained resistance to many antibiotics, and thus, carbapenems were used to treat infections with MDR A. baumannii strains in clinical settings. However, as carbapenem-resistant isolates are becoming increasingly prevalent, Colistin is now used as the last line of defense against resistant A. baumannii strains. Unfortunately, reports are increasing on the presence of Colistin-resistant phenotypes in infections caused by A. baumannii, creating an urgent need to find a substitute way to combat these resistant isolates. Quorum sensing inhibition, also known as quorum quenching, is an efficient alternative way of reversing resistance in different Gram-negative bacteria. Quorum sensing is a mechanism used by bacteria to communicate with each other by secreting signal molecules. When the population of bacteria increases and the concentration of signal molecules reaches a certain threshold, bacteria can implement mechanisms to adapt to a hostile environment, such as biofilm formation. Biofilms have many advantages for pathogens, such as antibiotic resistance. Different studies have revealed that disrupting the biofilm of A. baumannii makes it more susceptible to antibiotics. Although very few studies have been conducted on the biofilm disruption through quorum quenching in Colistin-resistant A. baumannii, these studies and similar studies bring hope in finding an alternative way of treating the Colistin-resistant isolates. In conclusion, quorum quenching has the potential to be used against Colistin-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khoshbakht
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Susan Panahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Neshani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdis Ghavidel
- Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030516. [PMID: 36978383 PMCID: PMC10044110 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is recognized as a clinically significant pathogen causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections. Colistin was considered a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Since the reintroduction of colistin, a number of mechanisms of colistin resistance in A. baumannii have been reported, including complete loss of LPS by inactivation of the biosynthetic pathway, modifications of target LPS driven by the addition of phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) moieties to lipid A mediated by the chromosomal pmrCAB operon and eptA gene-encoded enzymes or plasmid-encoded mcr genes and efflux of colistin from the cell. In addition to resistance to colistin, widespread heteroresistance is another feature of A. baumannii that leads to colistin treatment failure. This review aims to present a critical assessment of relevant published (>50 experimental papers) up-to-date knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in A. baumannii with a detailed review of implicated mutations and the global distribution of colistin-resistant strains.
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3
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Balboa SJ, Hicks LM. Revealing AMP mechanisms of action through resistance evolution and quantitative proteomics. Methods Enzymol 2021; 663:259-271. [PMID: 35168792 PMCID: PMC10961912 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health issue that threatens our ability to treat common infections. AMR often emerges in bacteria through upregulation of proteins that allow a subpopulation of resistant bacteria to proliferate through natural selection. Identifying these proteins is crucial for understanding how AMR develops in bacteria and is essential in developing novel therapeutics to combat the threat of widespread AMR. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful tool for understanding the biochemical pathways of biological systems, lending remarkable insight into AMR mechanisms in bacteria through measuring the changing protein abundances as a result of antibiotic treatment. Here, we describe a serial passaging method for evolving resistance in bacteria that implements quantitative proteomics to reveal the differential proteomes of resistant bacteria. The focus herein is on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), but the approach can be generalized for any antimicrobial compound. Comparative proteomics of sensitive vs. resistance strains in response to AMP treatment reveals mechanisms to survive the bioactive compound and points to the mechanism of action for novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Balboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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4
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The innate resistome of “recalcitrant” Acinetobacter baumannii and the role of nanoparticles in combating these MDR pathogens. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Wang P, Li RQ, Wang L, Yang WT, Zou QH, Xiao D. Proteomic Analyses of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates to Identify Drug Resistant Mechanism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:625430. [PMID: 33718272 PMCID: PMC7943614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.625430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. Increasing numbers of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii cases have been reported in recent years, but its antibiotic resistance mechanism remains unclear. We studied 9 multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 10 drug-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates using Label free, TMT labeling approach and glycoproteomics analysis to identify proteins related to drug resistance. Our results showed that 164 proteins exhibited different expressions between MDR and drug-susceptible isolates. These differential proteins can be classified into six groups: a. proteins related to antibiotic resistance, b. membrane proteins, membrane transporters and proteins related to membrane formation, c. Stress response-related proteins, d. proteins related to gene expression and protein translation, e. metabolism-related proteins, f. proteins with unknown function or other functions containing biofilm formation and virulence. In addition, we verified seven proteins at the transcription level in eight clinical isolates by using quantitative RT-PCR. Results showed that four of the selected proteins have positive correlations with the protein level. This study provided an insight into the mechanism of antibiotic resistance of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Qing Li
- Institute for Control of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Di Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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The History of Colistin Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria: Progress and Challenges. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020442. [PMID: 33672663 PMCID: PMC7924381 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, the discovery of colistin resistance genes has been limited to the characterization of new mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene variants. However, given the complexity of the mechanisms involved, there are many colistin-resistant bacterial strains whose mechanism remains unknown and whose exploitation requires complementary technologies. In this review, through the history of colistin, we underline the methods used over the last decades, both old and recent, to facilitate the discovery of the main colistin resistance mechanisms and how new technological approaches may help to improve the rapid and efficient exploration of new target genes. To accomplish this, a systematic search was carried out via PubMed and Google Scholar on published data concerning polymyxin resistance from 1950 to 2020 using terms most related to colistin. This review first explores the history of the discovery of the mechanisms of action and resistance to colistin, based on the technologies deployed. Then we focus on the most advanced technologies used, such as MALDI-TOF-MS, high throughput sequencing or the genetic toolbox. Finally, we outline promising new approaches, such as omics tools and CRISPR-Cas9, as well as the challenges they face. Much has been achieved since the discovery of polymyxins, through several innovative technologies. Nevertheless, colistin resistance mechanisms remains very complex.
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Dickstein Y, Lellouche J, Ben Dalak Amar M, Schwartz D, Nutman A, Daitch V, Yahav D, Leibovici L, Skiada A, Antoniadou A, Daikos GL, Andini R, Zampino R, Durante-Mangoni E, Mouton JW, Friberg LE, Dishon Benattar Y, Bitterman R, Neuberger A, Carmeli Y, Paul M. Treatment Outcomes of Colistin- and Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections: An Exploratory Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:769-776. [PMID: 30462182 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the association between mortality and colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii infections and the interaction with antibiotic therapy. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections treated with colistin or colistin-meropenem combination. We evaluated patients with infection caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) identified as colistin susceptible (CoS) at the time of treatment and compared patients in which the isolate was confirmed as CoS with those whose isolates were retrospectively identified as colistin resistant (CoR) when tested by broth microdilution (BMD). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. RESULTS Data were available for 266 patients (214 CoS and 52 CoR isolates). Patients with CoR isolates had higher baseline functional capacity and lower rates of mechanical ventilation than patients with CoS isolates. All-cause 28-day mortality was 42.3% (22/52) among patients with CoR strains and 52.8% (113/214) among patients with CoS isolates (P = .174). After adjusting for variables associated with mortality, the mortality rate was lower among patients with CoR isolates (odds ratio [OR], 0.285 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .118-.686]). This difference was associated with treatment arm: Mortality rates among patients with CoR isolates were higher in those randomized to colistin-meropenem combination therapy compared to colistin monotherapy (OR, 3.065 [95% CI, 1.021-9.202]). CONCLUSIONS Colistin resistance determined by BMD was associated with lower mortality among patients with severe CRAB infections. Among patients with CoR isolates, colistin monotherapy was associated with a better outcome compared to colistin-meropenem combination therapy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01732250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Dickstein
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv
| | - Jonathan Lellouche
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv.,Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
| | - Maayan Ben Dalak Amar
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv.,Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
| | - David Schwartz
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv.,Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
| | - Amir Nutman
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv
| | - Vered Daitch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv.,Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Leonard Leibovici
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv.,Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Anna Skiada
- First Department of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Antoniadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Fourth Department of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George L Daikos
- First Department of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Andini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L Vanvitelli' and Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Zampino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L Vanvitelli' and Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L Vanvitelli' and Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Johan W Mouton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena E Friberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Yael Dishon Benattar
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus.,Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa
| | - Roni Bitterman
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus
| | - Ami Neuberger
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus
| | - Yehuda Carmeli
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv.,Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv
| | - Mical Paul
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus.,Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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Tsakou F, Jersie-Christensen R, Jenssen H, Mojsoska B. The Role of Proteomics in Bacterial Response to Antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E214. [PMID: 32867221 PMCID: PMC7559545 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, we have tried to use antibiotics to eliminate the persistence of pathogenic bacteria. However, these infectious agents can recover from antibiotic challenges through various mechanisms, including drug resistance and antibiotic tolerance, and continue to pose a global threat to human health. To design more efficient treatments against bacterial infections, detailed knowledge about the bacterial response to the commonly used antibiotics is required. Proteomics is a well-suited and powerful tool to study molecular response to antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial response profiling from system-level investigations could increase our understanding of bacterial adaptation, the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance and tolerance development. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of bacterial response to the most common antibiotics with a focus on the identification of dynamic proteome responses, and through published studies, to elucidate the formation mechanism of resistant and tolerant bacterial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (F.T.); (R.J.-C.); (H.J.)
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Cafiso V, Stracquadanio S, Lo Verde F, Dovere V, Zega A, Pigola G, Aranda J, Stefani S. COL R Acinetobacter baumannii sRNA Signatures: Computational Comparative Identification and Biological Targets. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3075. [PMID: 32010115 PMCID: PMC6978653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) represent a serious cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Currently, the available treatment options are very restricted and colistin-based therapies are last-line treatments of these infections, even though colistin resistant (COLR) Ab have rarely been isolated yet. In bacteria, small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) have been implicated in regulatory pathways of different biological functions, however, no knowledge exists about the sRNA role on the biological adaptation in COLRAb. Our study investigated two Italian XDR isogenic colistin-susceptible/resistant (COLS/R) Ab strain-pairs to discover new sRNA signatures. Comparative sRNA transcriptome (sRNAome) analyses were carried out by Illumina RNA-seq using both a Tru-Seq and a Short Insert library, whilst Ab ATCC 17978 and ACICU Reference Genome assembly, mapping, annotation and statistically significant differential expression (q-value ≤ 0.01) of the raw reads were performed by the Rockhopper tool. A computational filtering, sorting only similarly statistically significant differentially expressed (DE) sRNAs mapping on the same gene in both COLRAb isolates was conducted. COLR vs. COLS sRNAome, analyzed integrating the DE sRNAs obtained from the two different libraries, revealed some statistically significant DE sRNAs in COLRAb. In detail, we found: (i) two different under-expressed cis-acting sRNAs (AbsRNA1 and AbsRNA2) mapping in antisense orientation the 16S rRNA gene A1S_r01, (ii) one under-expressed cis-acting sRNA (AbsRNA3) targeting the A1S_2505 gene (hypothetical protein), (iii) one under-expressed microRNA-size small RNA fragment (AbsRNA4) and its pre-microAbsRNA4 targeting the A1S_0501 gene (hypothetical protein), (iv) as well as an over-expressed microRNA-size small RNA fragment (AbsRNA5) and its pre-microAbsRNA5 targeting the A1S_3097 gene (signal peptide). Custom TaqMan® probe-based real-time qPCRs validated the expression pattern of the selected sRNA candidates shown by RNA-seq. Furthermore, analysis on sRNA ΔA1S_r01, ΔA1S_2505 as well as the over-expressed A1S_3097 mutants revealed no effects on colistin resistance. Our study, for the first time, found the sRNAome signatures of clinical COLRAb with a computational prediction of their targets related to protein synthesis, host-microbe interaction and other different biological functions, including biofilm production, cell-cycle control, virulence, and antibiotic-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cafiso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Stracquadanio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Flavia Lo Verde
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Dovere
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zega
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pigola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jesús Aranda
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Uddin MJ, Ma CJ, Kim JC, Ahn J. Proteomics-based discrimination of differentially expressed proteins in antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1259-1275. [PMID: 31240342 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the differentially expressed proteins between antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. The susceptibilities of wild-type (WT), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and/or oxacillin (OXA)-induced, and clinically isolated resistant (CCARM) S. Typhimurium (STWT, STCIP, and STCCARM), K. pneumoniae (KPWT, KPCIP, and KPCCARM), and S. aureus (SAWT, SACIP, SAOXA, and SACCARM) to antibiotics were determined using broth microdilution assay. STCIP was highly resistant to piperacillin (MIC > 512 μg/ml), KPCIP was resistant to chloramphenicol (128 μg/ml) and norfloxacin (16 μg/ml), SACIP was resistant to fluoroquinolones (32 μg/ml), and SAOXA was resistant to ceftriaxone (32 μg/ml). The protein profiles of antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains were determined using 2-DE analysis followed by LC-MS/MS. The commonly expressed proteins of STWT-STCIP, STWT-STCCARM, KPWT-KPCIP, KPWT-KPCCARM, SAWT-SACIP, SAWT-SAOXA, and SAWT-SACCARM were 763, 677, 677, 469, 261, 259, and 226, respectively. The unique protein spots were observed 57 (6.5%), 80 (11.5%), and 68 (13.9%), respectively, for STCCARM, KPCCARM, and SACCARM. The highly up-regulated protein, PrsA (10-fold), was observed in STCIP resistant to ciprofloxacin (128-fold), levofloxacin (32-fold), norfloxacin (64-fold), and piperacillin (> 16-fold). The up-regulated proteins (YadC, FimA, and RplB) in KPCIP resistant to chloramphenicol (> 32-fold), ciprofloxacin (32-fold), levofloxacin (6-fold), norfloxacin (128-fold), and sparfloxacin (64-fold). AcrB and RpoB were up-regulated in SACCARM resistant to multiple antibiotics. The differentially expressed proteins were related to the antibiotic resistance of STWT, STCIP, STCCARM, KPWT, KPCIP, KPCCARM, SAWT, SACIP, SAOXA, and SACCARM. The resistance-associated proteins could be useful biomarkers for detecting antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Je Ma
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Li H, Wang Y, Meng Q, Wang Y, Xia G, Xia X, Shen J. Comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic profiling of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:795-804. [PMID: 30811973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spread of the mcr-1 gene in human and veterinary medicine has jeopardised the use of polymyxins, last-resort antibiotics against life-threatening multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. As a lipid-modifying gene, whether mcr-1 causes proteomic and metabolomic changes in bacteria and affects the corresponding metabolic pathway is largely unknown. In this study, label-free quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to profile comprehensive proteome and metabolome characteristics of mcr-1-mediated colistin-resistant and -susceptible Escherichia coli in order to gain further insight into the colistin resistance mechanism. Large sets of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and metabolites were identified that contributed to mcr-1-mediated antimicrobial resistance, predominantly in different growth conditions with and without colistin. mcr-1 caused downregulated expression of most proteins in order to adapt to drug pressure. Pathway analysis showed that metabolic processes were significantly affected, mainly related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, thiamine metabolism and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. The substrate phosphoethanolamine (PEA) for mcr-1 to mediate colistin resistance was accumulated in colistin-resistant E. coli. Notably, mcr-1 not only caused PEA modification of the bacterial cell membrane lipid A but also affected the biosynthesis and transport of lipoprotein in colistin resistance by disturbing the expression of efflux pump proteins involved in the cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance pathway. Overall, disturbed glycerophospholipid metabolism and LPS biosynthesis as well as accumulation of the substrate PEA was closely related with mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance. These findings could provide further valuable information to inhibit colistin resistance by blocking this metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Hashemi MM, Holden BS, Coburn J, Taylor MF, Weber S, Hilton B, Zaugg AL, McEwan C, Carson R, Andersen JL, Price JC, Deng S, Savage PB. Proteomic Analysis of Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Chlorhexidine and Impacts on Susceptibility to Colistin, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Ceragenins. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:210. [PMID: 30833936 PMCID: PMC6388577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of chlorhexidine in clinical settings has led to concerns that repeated exposure of bacteria to sub-lethal doses of chlorhexidine might result in chlorhexidine resistance and cross resistance with other cationic antimicrobials including colistin, endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimics, ceragenins. We have previously shown that colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria remain susceptible to AMPs and ceragenins. Here, we investigated the potential for cross resistance between chlorhexidine, colistin, AMPs and ceragenins by serial exposure of standard strains of Gram-negative bacteria to chlorhexidine to generate resistant populations of organisms. Furthermore, we performed a proteomics study on the chlorhexidine-resistant strains and compared them to the wild-type strains to find the pathways by which bacteria develop resistance to chlorhexidine. Serial exposure of Gram-negative bacteria to chlorhexidine resulted in four- to eight-fold increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Chlorhexidine-resistant organisms showed decreased susceptibility to colistin (8- to 32-fold increases in MICs) despite not being exposed to colistin. In contrast, chlorhexidine-resistant organisms had the same MICs as the original strains when tested with representative AMPs (LL-37 and magainin I) and ceragenins (CSA-44 and CSA-131). These results imply that there may be a connection between the emergence of highly colistin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens and the prevalence of chlorhexidine usage. Yet, use of chlorhexidine may not impact innate immune defenses (e.g., AMPs) and their mimics (e.g., ceragenins). Here, we also show that chlorhexidine resistance is associated with upregulation of proteins involved in the assembly of LPS for outer membrane biogenesis and virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, resistance to chlorhexidine resulted in elevated expression levels of proteins associated with chaperones, efflux pumps, flagella and cell metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolutionary proteomic changes in P. aeruginosa following exposure to chlorhexidine and colistin. These results have important clinical implications considering the continuous application of chlorhexidine in hospitals that could influence the emergence of colistin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan M Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brett S Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jordan Coburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Maddison F Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Scott Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brian Hilton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Aaron L Zaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Colten McEwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Richard Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - John C Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Shenglou Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Mihăşan M, Babii C, Aslebagh R, Channaveerappa D, Dupree EJ, Darie CC. Exploration of Nicotine Metabolism in Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans pAO1 by Microbial Proteomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:515-529. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Molecular mechanisms of polymyxin resistance and detection of mcr genes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 163:28-38. [PMID: 30439931 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an ever-increasing global problem. Major commercial antibiotics often fail to fight common bacteria, and some pathogens have become multi-resistant. Polymyxins are potent bactericidal antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria. Known resistance to polymyxin includes intrinsic, mutational and adaptive mechanisms, with the recently described horizontally acquired resistance mechanisms. In this review, we present several strategies for bacteria to develop enhanced resistance to polymyxins, focusing on changes in the outer membrane, efflux and other resistance determinants. Better understanding of the genes involved in polymyxin resistance may pave the way for the development of new and effective antimicrobial agents. We also report novel in silico tested primers for PCR assay that may be able distinguish colistin-resistant isolates carrying the plasmid-encoded mcr genes and will assist in combating the spread of colistin resistance in bacteria.
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Carretero-Ledesma M, García-Quintanilla M, Martín-Peña R, Pulido MR, Pachón J, McConnell MJ. Phenotypic changes associated with Colistin resistance due to Lipopolysaccharide loss in Acinetobacter baumannii. Virulence 2018; 9:930-942. [PMID: 29638177 PMCID: PMC5955468 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1460187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii can acquire resistance to colistin via complete loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis due to mutations in the lpxA, lpxC and lpxD genes. However, although colistin is increasingly being used for the treatment of multidrug resistant infections, very few A. baumannii clinical isolates develop colistin resistance through loss of LPS biosynthesis. This may suggest that LPS loss affects virulence traits that play a role in the transmission and pathogenesis of A. baumannii. In this study we characterize multiple virulence phenotypes of colistin resistant, LPS-deficient derivatives of the ATCC 19606 strain and five multidrug resistant clinical isolates and their colistin resistant, LPS-deficient derivatives. Our results indicate that LPS loss results in growth defects compared to the parental strain in vitro both in laboratory media and human serum (competition indices of 0.58 and 7.0 × 10−7, respectively) and reduced ability to grow and disseminate in vivo (competition index 6.7 × 10−8). Infection with the LPS-deficient strain resulted in lower serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the parent strain, and was less virulent in a mouse model of disseminated sepsis. LPS loss also significantly affected biofilm production, surface motility, growth under iron limitation and susceptibility to multiple disinfectants used in the clinical setting. These results demonstrate that LPS loss has a significant effect on multiple virulence traits, and may provide insight into the low incidence of colistin resistant strains lacking LPS that have been reported in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carretero-Ledesma
- a Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC /University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - Meritxell García-Quintanilla
- a Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC /University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - Reyes Martín-Peña
- a Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC /University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - Marina R Pulido
- a Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC /University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- a Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC /University of Seville , Seville , Spain.,b Department of Medicine , University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- a Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC /University of Seville , Seville , Spain
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Ontañon OM, Landi C, Carleo A, Gagliardi A, Bianchi L, González PS, Agostini E, Bini L. What makes A. guillouiae SFC 500-1A able to co-metabolize phenol and Cr(VI)? A proteomic approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:215-224. [PMID: 29753190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter guillouiae SFC 500-1A is an environmental bacterium able to efficiently co-remediate phenol and Cr(VI). To further understand the molecular mechanisms triggered in this strain during the bioremediation process, variations in the proteomic profile after treatment with phenol and phenol plus Cr(VI) were evaluated. The proteomic analysis revealed the induction of the β-ketoadipate pathway for phenol oxidation and the assimilation of degradation products through TCA cycle and glyoxylate shunt. Phenol exposure increased the abundance of proteins associated to energetic processes and ATP synthesis, but it also triggered cellular stress. The lipid bilayer was suggested as a target of phenol toxicity, and changing fatty acids composition seemed to be the bacterial response to protect the membrane integrity. The involvement of two flavoproteins in Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) was also proposed. The results suggested the important role of chaperones, antioxidant response and SOS-induced proteins in the ability of the strain to mitigate the damage generated by phenol and Cr(VI). This research contributes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in A. guillouiae SFC 500-1A tolerance and co-remediation of phenol and Cr(VI). Such information may result useful not only to improve its bioremediation efficiency but also to identify putative markers of resistance in environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Mailén Ontañon
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Claudia Landi
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Current address: Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Current address: Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Solange González
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Luca Bini
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Emergence of High-Level Colistin Resistance in an Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate Mediated by Inactivation of the Global Regulator H-NS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02442-17. [PMID: 29712662 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02442-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a crucial last-line drug used for the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii However, colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates can still be isolated following failed colistin therapy. Resistance is most often mediated by the addition of phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to lipid A by PmrC, following missense mutations in the pmrCAB operon encoding PmrC and the two-component signal transduction system PmrA/PmrB. We recovered a pair of A. baumannii isolates from a single patient before (6009-1) and after (6009-2) failed colistin treatment. These strains displayed low and very high levels of colistin resistance (MICs, 8 to 16 μg/ml and 128 μg/ml), respectively. To understand how increased colistin resistance arose, we sequenced the genome of each isolate, which revealed that 6009-2 had an extra copy of the insertion sequence element ISAba125 within a gene encoding an H-NS family transcriptional regulator. To confirm the role of H-NS in colistin resistance, we generated an hns deletion mutant in 6009-1 and showed that colistin resistance increased upon the deletion of hns We also provided 6009-2 with an intact copy of hns and showed that the strain was no longer resistant to high concentrations of colistin. Transcriptomic analysis of the clinical isolates identified more than 150 genes as being differentially expressed in the colistin-resistant hns mutant 6009-2. Importantly, the expression of eptA, encoding a second lipid A-specific pEtN transferase but not pmrC, was increased in the hns mutant. This is the first time an H-NS family transcriptional regulator has been associated with a pEtN transferase and colistin resistance.
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18
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Liu C, Qi J, Shan B, Ma Y. Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:825. [PMID: 29765362 PMCID: PMC5938390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbao Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jialong Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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19
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Farshadzadeh Z, Taheri B, Rahimi S, Shoja S, Pourhajibagher M, Haghighi MA, Bahador A. Growth Rate and Biofilm Formation Ability of Clinical and Laboratory-Evolved Colistin-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:153. [PMID: 29483899 PMCID: PMC5816052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different mechanisms of resistance to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii have been described. The first involves the total loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to mutations in the lpxACD operon, which is involved in the lipid A biosynthesis pathway. The second entails the addition of ethanolamine to the lipid A of the LPS resulting from mutations in the PmrAB two-component system. To evaluate the impact of colistin resistance-associated mutations on antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties, four pairs of clinical and laboratory-evolved colistin-susceptible/colistin-resistant (ColS/ColR) A. baumannii isolates were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility, surface motility, in vitro and in vivo biofilm-forming capacity, in vitro and in vivo expression levels of biofilm-associated genes, and in vitro growth rate were analyzed in these strains. Growth rate, in vitro and in vivo biofilm formation ability, as well as expression levels of biofilm-associated gene were reduced in ColR LPS-deficient isolate (the lpxD mutant) when compared with its ColS partner, whereas there were not such differences between LPS-modified isolates (the pmrB mutants) and their parental isolates. Mutation in lpxD was accompanied by a greater reduction in minimum inhibitory concentrations of azithromycin, vancomycin, and rifampin than mutation in pmrB. Besides, loss of LPS was associated with a significant reduction in surface motility without any change in expression of type IV pili. Collectively, colistin resistance through loss of LPS causes a more considerable cost in biological features such as growth rate, motility, and biofilm formation capacity relative to LPS modification. Therefore, ColR LPS-modified strains are more likely to spread and transmit from one patient to another in hospital settings, which results in more complex treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Shoja
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Haghighi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Interplay between Colistin Resistance, Virulence and Fitness in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6040028. [PMID: 29160808 PMCID: PMC5745471 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen often resistant to multiple antibiotics classes. Colistin, an “old” antibiotic, is now considered a last-line treatment option for extremely resistant isolates. In the meantime, resistance to colistin has been reported in clinical A. baumannii strains. Colistin is a cationic peptide that disrupts the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance is primarily due to post-translational modification or loss of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules inserted into the outer leaflet of the OM. LPS modification prevents the binding of polymyxin to the bacterial surface and may lead to alterations in bacterial virulence. Antimicrobial pressure drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and resistance is often associated with a reduced bacterial fitness. Therefore, the alterations in LPS may induce changes in the fitness of A. baumannii. However, compensatory mutations in clinical A. baumannii may ameliorate the cost of resistance and may play an important role in the dissemination of colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates. The focus of this review is to summarize the colistin resistance mechanisms, and understand their impact on the fitness and virulence of bacteria and on the dissemination of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains.
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21
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Rapid and Consistent Evolution of Colistin Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Morbidostat Culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017. [PMID: 28630206 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00043-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic commonly used against multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa To investigate the potential for in situ evolution of resistance against colistin and to map the molecular targets of colistin resistance, we exposed two P. aeruginosa isolates to colistin using a continuous-culture device known as a morbidostat. As a result, colistin resistance reproducibly increased 10-fold within 10 days and 100-fold within 20 days, along with highly stereotypic yet strain-specific mutation patterns. The majority of mutations hit the pmrAB two-component signaling system and genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, including lpxC, pmrE, and migA We tracked the frequencies of all arising mutations by whole-genome deep sequencing every 3 to 4 days to obtain a detailed picture of the dynamics of resistance evolution, including competition and displacement among multiple resistant subpopulations. In 7 out of 18 cultures, we observed mutations in mutS along with a mutator phenotype that seemed to facilitate resistance evolution.
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22
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Wand ME, Bock LJ, Sutton JM. Retention of virulence following colistin adaptation in Klebsiella pneumoniae is strain-dependent rather than associated with specific mutations. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:959-964. [PMID: 28741998 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the impact on virulence and fitness of mutations in specific genes found after adaptation of Klebsiella pneumoniae to colistin. Isolates with an increase in their inhibitory concentration (MIC) to colistin of 32- to >128-fold were shown to have mutations in mgrB, phoPQ and pmrAB, all known regulators of pathways affecting membrane lipid content. When these strains were used in studies in Galleria mellonella there was no clear correlation between mutations in specific genes per se and loss of virulence. Strains which showed sequence duplication in the HAMP-domain of PmrB showed reduced virulence but strains with point mutations in pmrAB showed no decrease in virulence. Similarly, specific mutations in mgrB in individual strains showed either loss of virulence or no effect/increased virulence. This study suggests that the impact on virulence may be independent of the colistin resistance mechanism and reflects differences in individual strain backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Lucy J Bock
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
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Hua X, Liu L, Fang Y, Shi Q, Li X, Chen Q, Shi K, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Yu Y. Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii MDR-ZJ06 Revealed by a Multiomics Approach. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:45. [PMID: 28275586 PMCID: PMC5319971 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen due to its ability to acquire resistance to most currently available antibiotics. Colistin is often considered as the last line of therapy for infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB). However, colistin-resistant A. baumannii strain has recently been reported. To explore how multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii responded to colistin resistance, we compared the genomic, transcriptional and proteomic profile of A. baumannii MDR-ZJ06 to the induced colistin-resistant strain ZJ06-200P5-1. Genomic analysis showed that lpxC was inactivated by ISAba1 insertion, leading to LPS loss. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the colistin-resistant strain regulated its metabolism. Proteomic analysis suggested increased expression of the RND efflux pump system and down-regulation of FabZ and β-lactamase. These alterations were believed to be response to LPS loss. In summary, the lpxC mutation not only established colistin resistance but also altered global gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Lilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Youhong Fang
- The Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiucheng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital Hangzhou, China
| | - Keren Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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24
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Diversity of polymyxin resistance mechanisms among Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 87:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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25
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Kröger C, Kary SC, Schauer K, Cameron ADS. Genetic Regulation of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Genes (Basel) 2016; 8:genes8010012. [PMID: 28036056 PMCID: PMC5295007 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are forecast to become the single biggest challenge to medical care in the 21st century. Over the last decades, members of the genus Acinetobacter have emerged as bacterial opportunistic pathogens, in particular as challenging nosocomial pathogens because of the rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistances. Although we lack fundamental biological insight into virulence mechanisms, an increasing number of researchers are working to identify virulence factors and to study antibiotic resistance. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the regulation of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. A survey of the two-component systems AdeRS, BaeSR, GacSA and PmrAB explains how each contributes to antibiotic resistance and virulence gene expression, while BfmRS regulates cell envelope structures important for pathogen persistence. A. baumannii uses the transcription factors Fur and Zur to sense iron or zinc depletion and upregulate genes for metal scavenging as a critical survival tool in an animal host. Quorum sensing, nucleoid-associated proteins, and non-classical transcription factors such as AtfA and small regulatory RNAs are discussed in the context of virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Kröger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Stefani C Kary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Kristina Schauer
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim 85764, Germany.
| | - Andrew D S Cameron
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 042, Canada.
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Tseng CC, Tsai YH, Hu A, Liou JW, Chang KC, Chang HH. Altered susceptibility to the bactericidal effect of photocatalytic oxidation by TiO2 is related to colistin resistance development in Acinetobacter baumannii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8549-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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López-Rojas R, García-Quintanilla M, Labrador-Herrera G, Pachón J, McConnell MJ. Impaired growth under iron-limiting conditions associated with the acquisition of colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:473-7. [PMID: 27179817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition of colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has been associated with reduced bacterial fitness and virulence, although the mechanisms underlying this fitness loss have not been well characterised. In this study, the role played by environmental iron levels on the growth and survival of colistin-resistant strains of A. baumannii was assessed. Growth assays with the colistin-susceptible ATCC 19606 strain and its colistin-resistant derivative RC64 [colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 mg/L] demonstrated that the strains grew similarly in rich laboratory medium (Mueller-Hinton broth), whereas RC64 demonstrated impaired growth compared with ATCC 19606 in human serum (>100-fold at 24 h). Compared with RC64, ATCC 19606 grew in the presence of higher concentrations of the iron-specific chelator 2,2'-bipyridine and grew more readily under iron-limiting conditions in solid and liquid media. In addition, iron supplementation of human serum increased the growth of RC64 compared with unsupplemented human serum to a greater extent than ATCC 19606. The ability of 11 colistin-resistant clinical isolates with mutations in the pmrB gene to grow in iron-replete and iron-limiting conditions was assessed, demonstrating that eight of the strains showed reduced growth under iron limitation. Individual mutations in the pmrB gene did not directly correlate with a decreased capacity for growth under iron limitation, suggesting that mutations in pmrB may not directly produce this phenotype. Together these results indicate that acquisition of colistin resistance in A. baumannii can be associated with a decreased ability to grow in low-iron environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael López-Rojas
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Meritxell García-Quintanilla
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Gema Labrador-Herrera
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.
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Pérez-Llarena FJ, Bou G. Proteomics As a Tool for Studying Bacterial Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:410. [PMID: 27065974 PMCID: PMC4814472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic studies have improved our understanding of the microbial world. The most recent advances in this field have helped us to explore aspects beyond genomics. For example, by studying proteins and their regulation, researchers now understand how some pathogenic bacteria have adapted to the lethal actions of antibiotics. Proteomics has also advanced our knowledge of mechanisms of bacterial virulence and some important aspects of how bacteria interact with human cells and, thus, of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. This review article addresses these issues in some of the most important human pathogens. It also reports some applications of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry that may be important for the diagnosis of bacterial resistance in clinical laboratories in the future. The reported advances will enable new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be developed in the fight against some of the most lethal bacteria affecting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán Bou
- Servicio de Microbiología-INIBIC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña A Coruña, Spain
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Catel-Ferreira M, Marti S, Guillon L, Jara L, Coadou G, Molle V, Bouffartigues E, Bou G, Shalk I, Jouenne T, Vila-Farrés X, Dé E. The outer membrane porin OmpW of Acinetobacter baumannii is involved in iron uptake and colistin binding. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:224-31. [PMID: 26823169 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to characterize functions of the outer membrane protein OmpW, which potentially contributes to the development of colistin- and imipenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Reconstitution of OmpW in artificial lipid bilayers showed that it forms small channels (23 pS in 1 m KCl) and markedly interacts with iron and colistin, but not with imipenem. In vivo, (55) Fe uptake assays comparing the behaviours of ΔompW mutant and wild-type strains confirmed a role for OmpW in A. baumannii iron homeostasis. However, the loss of OmpW expression did not have an impact on A. baumannii susceptibilities to colistin or imipenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Catel-Ferreira
- CNRS UMR 6270 & FR3038, Normandie Univ, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères & Surfaces, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Sara Marti
- CNRS UMR 6270 & FR3038, Normandie Univ, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères & Surfaces, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France.,Center for International Health Research, CRESIB, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent Guillon
- UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Luis Jara
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Coadou
- COBRA-CNRS, Laboratoire de RMN et Modélisation moléculaire, UMR 6014 & FR3038 CNRS, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Micro-Environnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen, Evreux, France
| | - German Bou
- Servicio de Microbiología-INIBIC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Spain
| | - Isabelle Shalk
- UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UMR 6270 & FR3038, Normandie Univ, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères & Surfaces, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Xavier Vila-Farrés
- Center for International Health Research, CRESIB, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Dé
- CNRS UMR 6270 & FR3038, Normandie Univ, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères & Surfaces, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
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Proteomic Analyses of Chlorhexidine Tolerance Mechanisms in Delftia acidovorans Biofilms. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00017-15. [PMID: 27303691 PMCID: PMC4863599 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00017-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein expression and fatty acid profiles of biofilm cells of chlorhexidine-tolerant Delftia acidovorans (MIC = 15 µg/ml) and its chlorhexidine-susceptible mutant (MIC = 1 µg/ml) were investigated. The chlorhexidine-susceptible mutant (MT51) was derived from the parental strain (WT15) using Tn5 transposon mutagenesis. The disrupted gene was identified as tolQ, a component of the tolQRAB gene cluster known to be involved in outer membrane stability. Proteomic responses of biofilm cells were compared by differential in-gel electrophoresis following exposure to chlorhexidine at sub-MIC (10 µg/ml) and above-MIC (30 µg/ml) concentrations. Numerous changes in protein abundance were observed in biofilm cells following chlorhexidine exposure, suggesting that molecular changes occurred during adaptation to chlorhexidine. Forty proteins showing significant differences (≥1.5-fold; P < 0.05) were identified by mass spectrometry and were associated with various functions, including amino acid and lipid biosynthesis, protein translation, energy metabolism, and stress-related functions (e.g., GroEL, aspartyl/glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase, elongation factor Tu, Clp protease, and hydroxymyristoyl-ACP dehydratase). Several proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis were affected by chlorhexidine, in agreement with fatty acid analysis, wherein chlorhexidine-induced shifts in the fatty acid profile were observed in the chlorhexidine-tolerant cells, primarily the cyclic fatty acids. Transmission electron microscopy revealed more prominent changes in the cell envelope of chlorhexidine-susceptible MT51 cells. This study suggests that multiple mechanisms involving both the cell envelope (and likely TolQ) and panmetabolic regulation play roles in chlorhexidine tolerance in D. acidovorans. IMPORTANCE Delftia acidovorans has been associated with a number of serious infections, including bacteremia, empyema, bacterial endocarditis, and ocular and urinary tract infections. It has also been linked with a variety of surface-associated nosocomial infections. Biofilm-forming antimicrobial-resistant D. acidovorans strains have also been isolated, including ones displaying resistance to the common broad-spectrum agent chlorhexidine. The mechanisms of chlorhexidine resistance in D. acidovorans are not known; hence, a chlorhexidine-susceptible mutant of the tolerant wild-type strain was obtained using transposon mutagenesis, and the proteome and ultrastructural changes of both strains were compared under chlorhexidine challenge.
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Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains with Deficient Biofilm Formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1892-5. [PMID: 26666921 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02518-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In two pairs of clinical colistin-susceptible/colistin-resistant (Cst(s)/Cst(r)) Acinetobacter baumannii strains, the Cst(r) strains showed significantly decreased biofilm formation in static and dynamic assays (P < 0.001) and lower relative fitness (P < 0.05) compared with those of the Cst(s) counterparts. The whole-genome sequencing comparison of strain pairs identified a mutation converting a stop codon to lysine (*241K) in LpsB (involved in lipopolysaccharide [LPS] synthesis) in one Cst(r) strain and a frameshift mutation in CarO and the loss of a 47,969-bp element containing multiple genes associated with biofilm production in the other.
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An Amphipathic Undecapeptide with All d-Amino Acids Shows Promising Activity against Colistin-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and a Dual Mode of Action. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:592-9. [PMID: 26574005 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01966-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple strains of Acinetobacter baumannii have developed multidrug resistance (MDR), leaving colistin as the only effective treatment. The cecropin-α-melittin hybrid BP100 (KKLFKKILKYL-NH2) and its analogs have previously shown activity against a wide array of plant and human pathogens. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial activities of 18 BP100 analogs (four known and 14 new) against the MDR A. baumannii strain ATCC BAA-1605, as well as against a number of other clinically relevant human pathogens. Selected peptides were further evaluated against strains of A. baumannii that acquired resistance to colistin due to mutations of the lpxC, lpxD, pmrA, and pmrB genes. The novel analogue BP214 showed antimicrobial activity at 1 to 2 μM and a hemolytic 50% effective concentration (EC50) of >150 μM. The lower activity of its enantiomer suggests a dual, specific and nonspecific mode of action. Interestingly, colistin behaved antagonistically to BP214 when pmrAB and lpxC mutants were challenged.
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Multiple Genetic Mutations Associated with Polymyxin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7899-902. [PMID: 26438500 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01884-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied polymyxin B resistance in 10 pairs of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, two of which had developed polymyxin B resistance in vivo. All polymyxin B-resistant isolates had lower growth rates than and substitution mutations in the lpx or pmrB gene compared to their parent isolates. There were significant differences in terms of antibiotic susceptibility and genetic determinants of resistance in A. baumannii isolates that had developed polymyxin B resistance in vivo compared to isolates that had developed polymyxin B resistance in vitro.
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Lipopolysaccharide loss produces partial colistin dependence and collateral sensitivity to azithromycin, rifampicin and vancomycin in Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:696-702. [PMID: 26391380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Acinetobacter baumannii that acquire resistance to colistin are limited. Acinetobacter baumannii can become highly resistant to colistin through complete loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) owing to mutations in the genes encoding the first three enzymes involved in lipid A biosynthesis (lpxA, lpxC and lpxD). The objective of this study was to characterise the susceptibility to 15 clinically relevant antibiotics and 6 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates that acquired colistin resistance due to mutations in lpxA, lpxC and lpxD as well as their colistin-susceptible counterparts. A dramatic increase in antibiotic susceptibility (≥16-fold increase) was observed upon LPS loss for azithromycin, rifampicin and vancomycin, whereas a moderate increase in susceptibility was seen for amikacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefepime and meropenem. Importantly, concentrations ranging from 8 mg/L to 32 mg/L of the six AMPs were able to reduce bacterial viability by ≥3 log10 in growth curve assays. We also demonstrate that colistin resistance results in partial colistin dependence for growth in LPS-deficient strains containing mutations in lpxA, lpxC and lpxD, but not when colistin resistance occurs via LPS modification due to mutations in the PmrA/B two-component system. The results of this study indicate that loss of LPS expression results in collateral sensitivity to azithromycin, rifampicin and vancomycin, and that the six AMPs tested retain activity against LPS-deficient strains, indicating that these antibiotics may be viable treatment options for infections caused by these strains.
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Łysakowska ME, Ciebiada-Adamiec A, Klimek L, Sienkiewicz M. The activity of silver nanoparticles (Axonnite) on clinical and environmental strains of Acinetobacter spp. Burns 2015; 41:364-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Olaitan AO, Morand S, Rolain JM. Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:643. [PMID: 25505462 PMCID: PMC4244539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are polycationic antimicrobial peptides that are currently the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial infections. The reintroduction of polymyxins for antimicrobial therapy has been followed by an increase in reports of resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. Some bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, develop resistance to polymyxins in a process referred to as acquired resistance, whereas other bacteria, such as Proteus spp., Serratia spp., and Burkholderia spp., are naturally resistant to these drugs. Reports of polymyxin resistance in clinical isolates have recently increased, including acquired and intrinsically resistant pathogens. This increase is considered a serious issue, prompting concern due to the low number of currently available effective antibiotics. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the different strategies bacteria employ to resist the activities of polymyxins. Gram-negative bacteria employ several strategies to protect themselves from polymyxin antibiotics (polymyxin B and colistin), including a variety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modifications, such as modifications of lipid A with phosphoethanolamine and 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, in addition to the use of efflux pumps, the formation of capsules and overexpression of the outer membrane protein OprH, which are all effectively regulated at the molecular level. The increased understanding of these mechanisms is extremely vital and timely to facilitate studies of antimicrobial peptides and find new potential drugs targeting clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola O Olaitan
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université Marseille, France
| | - Serge Morand
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CNRS-IRD-UM2, CC065, Université Montpellier 2 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université Marseille, France
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Correia S, Nunes-Miranda JD, Pinto L, Santos HM, de Toro M, Sáenz Y, Torres C, Capelo JL, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Complete proteome of a quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT104B clinical strain. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14191-219. [PMID: 25196519 PMCID: PMC4159846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most common and widely distributed foodborne diseases. The emergence of Salmonella strains that are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials is a serious global public health concern. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) is one of these emerging epidemic multidrug resistant strains. Here we collate information from the diverse and comprehensive range of experiments on Salmonella proteomes that have been published. We then present a new study of the proteome of the quinolone-resistant Se20 strain (phage type DT104B), recovered after ciprofloxacin treatment and compared it to the proteome of reference strain SL1344. A total of 186 and 219 protein spots were recovered from Se20 and SL1344 protein extracts, respectively, after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The signatures of 94% of the protein spots were successfully identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Three antimicrobial resistance related proteins, whose genes were previously detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were identified in the clinical strain. The presence of these proteins, dihydropteroate synthase type-2 (sul2 gene), aminoglycoside resistance protein A (strA gene) and aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib-cr4 (aac(6')-Ib-cr4 gene), was confirmed in the DT104B clinical strain. The aac(6')-Ib-cr4 gene is responsible for plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance. This is a preliminary analysis of the proteome of these two S. Typhimurium strains and further work is being developed to better understand how antimicrobial resistance is developing in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Correia
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Júlio D Nunes-Miranda
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luís Pinto
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Hugo M Santos
- BIOSCOPE group, REQUIMTE-CQFB, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - María de Toro
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (UC-SODERCAN-CSIC), Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - José Luis Capelo
- BIOSCOPE group, REQUIMTE-CQFB, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Freire M, Van Der Heijden I, do Prado G, Cavalcante L, Boszczowski I, Bonazzi P, Rossi F, Guimarães T, D'Albuquerque L, Costa S, Abdala E. Polymyxin use as a risk factor for colonization or infection with polymyxin-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiafter liver transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:369-78. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.P. Freire
- Infection Control Service; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - I.M. Van Der Heijden
- Microbiology Research Laboratory; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - G.V.B. do Prado
- Infection Control Service; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.S. Cavalcante
- Microbiology Research Laboratory; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - I. Boszczowski
- Infection Control Service; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - P.R. Bonazzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Rossi
- Microbiology Laboratory; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. Guimarães
- Infection Control Service; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.A.C. D'Albuquerque
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - S.F. Costa
- Microbiology Research Laboratory; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Abdala
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division; Hospital das Clínicas; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
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Activity of host antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii acquiring colistin resistance through loss of lipopolysaccharide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2972-5. [PMID: 24566189 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02642-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii can acquire resistance to the cationic peptide antibiotic colistin through complete loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expression. The activities of the host cationic antimicrobials LL-37 and human lysozyme against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of A. baumannii that acquired colistin resistance through lipopolysaccharide loss were characterized. We demonstrate that LL-37 has activity against strains lacking lipopolysaccharide that is similar to that of their colistin-sensitive parent strains, whereas human lysozyme has increased activity against colistin-resistant strains lacking LPS.
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Lee SY, Yun SH, Lee YG, Choi CW, Leem SH, Park EC, Kim GH, Lee JC, Kim SI. Proteogenomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii DU202. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1483-91. [PMID: 24486871 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the genomic sequence of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii DU202 and to perform proteomic characterization of antibiotic resistance in this strain using genome data. METHODS The genome sequence of A. baumannii DU202 was determined using the Hi-Seq 2000 system and comparative analysis was performed to determine the unique characteristics of A. baumannii DU202. Previous proteomic results from the cell wall membrane fraction by one-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry analysis (1DE-LC-MS/MS), using the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 genome as a reference, were reanalysed to elucidate the resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii DU202 using strain-specific genome data. Additional proteomic data from the cytosolic fraction were also analysed. RESULTS The genome of A. baumannii DU202 consists of 3660 genes and is most closely related to the Korean A. baumannii 1656-2 strain. More than 144 resistance genes were annotated in the A. baumannii DU202 genome, of which 72 that encoded proteins associated with antibiotic resistance were identified in the proteomic analysis of A. baumannii DU202 cultured in tetracycline, imipenem and Luria-Bertani broth (control) medium. Strong induction of β-lactamases, a multidrug resistance efflux pump and resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) multidrug efflux proteins was found to be important in the antibiotic resistance responses of A. baumannii DU202. CONCLUSIONS Combining genomic and proteomic methods provided comprehensive information about the unique antibiotic resistance responses of A. baumannii DU202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeop Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeol Gyun Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chi-Won Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Korea
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41
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Proteome studies of bacterial antibiotic resistance mechanisms. J Proteomics 2014; 97:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nastro M, Rodríguez CH, Monge R, Zintgraff J, Neira L, Rebollo M, Vay C, Famiglietti A. Activity of the colistin–rifampicin combination against colistin-resistant, carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. J Chemother 2013; 26:211-6. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947813y.0000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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43
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Growth retardation, reduced invasiveness, and impaired colistin-mediated cell death associated with colistin resistance development in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:828-32. [PMID: 24247145 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01439-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two colistin-susceptible/colistin-resistant (Col(s)/Col(r)) pairs of Acinetobacter baumannii strains assigned to international clone 2, which is prevalent worldwide, were sequentially recovered from two patients after prolonged colistin administration. Compared with the respective Col(s) isolates (Ab248 and Ab299, both having a colistin MIC of 0.5 μg/ml), both Col(r) isolates (Ab249 and Ab347, with colistin MICs of 128 and 32 μg/ml, respectively) significantly overexpressed pmrCAB genes, had single-amino-acid shifts in the PmrB protein, and exhibited significantly slower growth. The Col(r) isolate Ab347, tested by proteomic analysis in comparison with its Col(s) counterpart Ab299, underexpressed the proteins CsuA/B and C from the csu operon (which is necessary for biofilm formation). This isolate also underexpressed aconitase B and different enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response (KatE catalase, superoxide dismutase, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase), suggesting a reduced response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, consequently, impaired colistin-mediated cell death through hydroxyl radical production. Col(s) isolates that were indistinguishable by macrorestriction analysis from Ab299 caused six sequential bloodstream infections, and isolates indistinguishable from Ab248 caused severe soft tissue infection, while Col(r) isolates indistinguishable from Ab347 and Ab249 were mainly colonizers. In particular, a Col(s) isolate identical to Ab299 was still invading the bloodstream 90 days after the colonization of this patient by Col(r) isolates. These observations indicate considerably lower invasiveness of A. baumannii clinical isolates following the development of colistin resistance.
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Biological cost of different mechanisms of colistin resistance and their impact on virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:518-26. [PMID: 24189257 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01597-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mechanisms of resistance to colistin have been described in Acinetobacter baumannii. One involves complete loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting from mutations in lpxA, lpxC, or lpxD, and the second is associated with phosphoethanolamine addition to LPS, mediated through mutations in pmrAB. In order to assess the clinical impacts of both resistance mechanisms, A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and its isogenic derivatives, AL1851 ΔlpxA, AL1852 ΔlpxD, AL1842 ΔlpxC, and ATCC 19606 pmrB, were analyzed for in vitro growth rate, in vitro and in vivo competitive growth, infection of A549 respiratory alveolar epithelial cells, virulence in the Caenorhabditis elegans model, and virulence in a systemic mouse infection model. The in vitro growth rate of the lpx mutants was clearly diminished; furthermore, in vitro and in vivo competitive-growth experiments revealed a reduction in fitness for both mutant types. Infection of A549 cells with ATCC 19606 or the pmrB mutant resulted in greater loss of viability than with lpx mutants. Finally, the lpx mutants were highly attenuated in both the C. elegans and mouse infection models, while the pmrB mutant was attenuated only in the C. elegans model. In summary, while colistin resistance in A. baumannii confers a clear selective advantage in the presence of colistin treatment, it causes a noticeable cost in terms of overall fitness and virulence, with a more striking reduction associated with LPS loss than with phosphoethanolamine addition. Therefore, we hypothesize that colistin resistance mediated by changes in pmrAB will be more likely to arise in clinical settings in patients treated with colistin.
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Rao AA, Patkari M, Reddy PJ, Srivastava R, Pendharkar N, Rapole S, Mehra S, Srivastava S. Proteomic analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor in response to Ciprofloxacin challenge. J Proteomics 2013; 97:222-34. [PMID: 23994098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multi-drug tolerance is an important phenotypic property that complicates treatment of infectious diseases and reshapes drug discovery. Hence a systematic study of the origins and mechanisms of resistance shown by microorganisms is imperative. Since soil-dwelling bacteria are constantly challenged with a myriad of antibiotics, they are potential reservoirs of resistance determinants that can be mobilized into pathogens over a period of time. Elucidating the resistance mechanisms in such bacteria could help future antibiotic discoveries. This research is a preliminary study conducted to determine the effects of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the intrinsically resistant Gram-positive soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. The effect was investigated by performing 2-DE on total protein extracts of cells exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin as compared to the controls. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF revealed 24 unique differentially expressed proteins, which were statistically significant. The down-regulation of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism indicated a shift in the cell physiology towards a state of metabolic shutdown. Furthermore, the observed decline in protein levels involved in transcription and translation machinery, along with depletion of enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and protein folding could be a cellular response to DNA damage caused by CIP, thereby minimizing the effect of defective and energetically wasteful metabolic processes. This could be crucial for the initial survival of the cells before gene level changes could come into play to ensure survival under prolonged adverse conditions. These results are a first attempt towards profiling the proteome of S. coelicolor in response to antibiotic stress. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Soil-dwelling bacteria could serve as a reservoir of resistance determinants for clinically important bacteria. In this work, we investigated, for the first time, the differential proteomic profile of S. coelicolor cells in response to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Ciprofloxacin using 2-DE. Results indicate a shift in the cell physiology towards a state of metabolic shutdown, possibly to counter the DNA damage by ciprofloxacin. Further, up-regulation of GAPDH, RNA pol mRNA and Translation IF2 protein indicates a reprogramming of the cell for long-term survival. This study could serve as a basis for further investigations to elucidate the general mechanism by which soil bacteria exhibit resistance to fluroquinolones. This may help in developing new drug protocols and inventing novel drugs to counter resistance to this class of antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Anand Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Minal Patkari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Panga Jaipal Reddy
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Namita Pendharkar
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarika Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Rapid determination of colistin resistance in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii by use of the micromax assay. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3675-82. [PMID: 23985913 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01787-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is an old antibiotic which has been used as a therapeutic option for carbapenem- and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, like Acinetobacter baumannii. This pathogen produces life-threatening infections, mainly in patients admitted to intensive care units. Rapid detection of resistance to colistin may improve patient outcomes and prevent the spread of resistance. For this purpose, Micromax technology was evaluated in four isogenic A. baumannii strains with known mechanisms of resistance to colistin and in 66 isolates (50 susceptible and 16 resistant). Two parameters were determined, DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage. To assess DNA fragmentation, cells trapped in a microgel were incubated with a lysing solution to remove the cell wall, and the released nucleoids were visualized under fluorescence microscopy. Fragmented DNA was observed as spots that diffuse from the nucleoid. To assess cell wall integrity, cells were incubated with a lysis solution which removes only weakened cell walls, resulting in nucleoid release exclusively in affected cells. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between colistin concentrations and the percentages of bacteria with DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage, antibiotic effects that were delayed and less frequent in resistant strains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that both DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage were excellent parameters for identifying resistant strains. Obtaining ≤11% of bacteria with cell wall damage after incubation with 0.5 μg/ml colistin identified resistant strains of A. baumannii with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Results were obtained in 3 h 30 min. This is a simple, rapid, and accurate assay for detecting colistin resistance in A. baumannii, with strong potential value in critical clinical situations.
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Smani Y, Dominguez-Herrera J, Pachón J. Association of the outer membrane protein Omp33 with fitness and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1561-70. [PMID: 23908480 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein 33 (Omp33) is an outer membrane porin of Acinetobacter baumannii associated with carbapenem resistance. However, the role of Omp33 in the fitness and virulence of A. baumannii remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of Omp33 in fitness and virulence of A. baumannii by using an isogenic knockout strain deficient in the omp33 gene (JPAB02), derived from the ATCC 17978 wild-type (wt). Both in vitro and in vivo defect in the growth rate was found in the JPAB02 strain in competition with the ATCC 17978 wt, highlighting the effect of Omp33 on the metabolic fitness. A significant reduction was observed both in adherence and invasion of human lung epithelial cells and in cytotoxicity of these cells and macrophages with JPAB02. In a murine peritoneal sepsis model, the JPAB02 strain exhibited lower lethal dose 0 (LD0), LD50, and LD100, and dissemination in mice, with reduced bacterial concentration in spleen and lungs. From these data, we concluded that Omp33 plays an important role for fitness and virulence of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Smani
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
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Impaired virulence and fitness of a colistin-resistant clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii in a rat model of pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5120-1. [PMID: 23836181 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00700-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the fitness and lung pathogenicity of two isogenic clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, one resistant (ABCR) and the other susceptible (ABCS) to colistin. In vitro, ABCR exhibited slower growth kinetics than ABCS. In a rat model of pneumonia, ABCR was associated with less pronounced signs of infection (lung bacterial count, systemic dissemination, and lung damage) and a better outcome (ABCR and ABCS mortality rates, 20 and 50%, respectively [P = 0.03]).
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Colistin resistance in a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strain appearing after colistin treatment: effect on virulence and bacterial fitness. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4587-9. [PMID: 23836165 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00543-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fitness and virulence costs associated with the clinical acquisition of colistin resistance by Acinetobacter baumannii were evaluated. The growth of strain CR17 (colistin resistant) was less than that of strain CS01 (colistin susceptible) when the strains were grown in competition (72-h competition index, 0.008). In a murine sepsis model, CS01 and CR17 reached spleen concentrations when coinfecting of 9.31 and 6.97 log10 CFU/g, respectively, with an in vivo competition index of 0.016. Moreover, CS01 was more virulent than CR17 with respect to mortality and time to death.
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50
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Soon RL, Li J, Boyce JD, Harper M, Adler B, Larson I, Nation RL. Cell surface hydrophobicity of colistin-susceptible vs resistant Acinetobacter baumannii determined by contact angles: methodological considerations and implications. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 113:940-51. [PMID: 22574702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Contact angle analysis of cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) describes the tendency of a water droplet to spread across a lawn of filtered bacterial cells. Colistin-induced disruption of the Gram-negative outer membrane necessitates hydrophobic contacts with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We aimed to characterize the CSH of Acinetobacter baumannii using contact angles, to provide insight into the mechanism of colistin resistance. Contact angles were analysed for five paired colistin-susceptible and resistant Ac. baumannii strains. Drainage of the water droplet through bacterial layers was demonstrated to influence results. Consequently, measurements were performed 0·66s after droplet deposition. Colistin-resistant cells exhibited lower contact angles (38·8±2·8-46·8±1·3°) compared with their paired colistin-susceptible strains (40·7±3·0-48·0±1·4°; anova; P<0·05). Contact angles increased at stationary phase (50·3±2·9-61·5±2·5° and 47·4±2·0-50·8±3·2°, susceptible and resistant, respectively, anova; P<0·05) and in response to colistin 32mgl(-1) exposure (44·5±1·5-50·6±2·8° and 43·5±2·2-48·0±2·2°, susceptible and resistant, respectively; anova; P<0·05). Analysis of complemented strains constructed with an intact lpxA gene, or empty vector, highlighted the contribution of LPS to CSH. Compositional outer-membrane variations likely account for CSH differences between Ac. baumannii phenotypes, which influence the hydrophobic colistin-bacterium interaction. Important insight into the mechanism of colistin resistance has been provided. Greater consideration of contact angle methodology is necessary to ensure accurate analyses are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Soon
- Facility for Anti-infective Drug Development and Innovation, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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