1
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Han Y, Taylor EB, Luthe D. Maize Endochitinase Expression in Response to Fall Armyworm Herbivory. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:689-706. [PMID: 34056671 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A large percentage of crop loss is due to insect damage, especially caterpillar damage. Plant chitinases are considered excellent candidates to combat these insects since they can degrade chitin in peritrophic matrix (PM), an important protective structure in caterpillar midgut. Compared to chemical insecticides, chitinases could improve host plant resistance and be both economically and environmentally advantageous. The focus of this research was to find chitinase candidates that could improve plant resistance by effectively limiting caterpillar damage. Five classes of endochitinase (I-V) genes were characterized in the maize genome, and we isolated and cloned four chitinase genes (chitinase A, chitinase B, chitinase I, and PRm3) present in two maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines Mp708 and Tx601, with different levels of resistance to caterpillar pests. We also investigated the expression of these maize chitinases in response to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) attack. The results indicated that both chitinase transcript abundance and enzymatic activity increased in response to FAW feeding and mechanical wounding. Furthermore, chitinases retained activity inside the caterpillar midgut and enzymatic activity was detected in the food bolus and frass. When examined under scanning electron microscopy, PMs from Tx601-fed caterpillars showed structural damage when compared to diet controls. Analysis of chitinase transcript abundance after caterpillar feeding and proteomic analysis of maize leaf trichomes in the two inbreds implicated chitinase PRm3 found in Tx601 as a potential insecticidal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Science, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Dawn Luthe
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Science, University Park, PA, USA.
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2
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Ghatak A, Chaturvedi P, Weckwerth W. Cereal Crop Proteomics: Systemic Analysis of Crop Drought Stress Responses Towards Marker-Assisted Selection Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:757. [PMID: 28626463 PMCID: PMC5454074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable crop production is the major challenge in the current global climate change scenario. Drought stress is one of the most critical abiotic factors which negatively impact crop productivity. In recent years, knowledge about molecular regulation has been generated to understand drought stress responses. For example, information obtained by transcriptome analysis has enhanced our knowledge and facilitated the identification of candidate genes which can be utilized for plant breeding. On the other hand, it becomes more and more evident that the translational and post-translational machinery plays a major role in stress adaptation, especially for immediate molecular processes during stress adaptation. Therefore, it is essential to measure protein levels and post-translational protein modifications to reveal information about stress inducible signal perception and transduction, translational activity and induced protein levels. This information cannot be revealed by genomic or transcriptomic analysis. Eventually, these processes will provide more direct insight into stress perception then genetic markers and might build a complementary basis for future marker-assisted selection of drought resistance. In this review, we survey the role of proteomic studies to illustrate their applications in crop stress adaptation analysis with respect to productivity. Cereal crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum and pearl millet are discussed in detail. We provide a comprehensive and comparative overview of all detected protein changes involved in drought stress in these crops and have summarized existing knowledge into a proposed scheme of drought response. Based on a recent proteome study of pearl millet under drought stress we compare our findings with wheat proteomes and another recent study which defined genetic marker in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghatak
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wolfram Weckwerth
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3
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Pechanova O, Pechan T. Maize-Pathogen Interactions: An Ongoing Combat from a Proteomics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28429-48. [PMID: 26633370 PMCID: PMC4691053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a host to numerous pathogenic species that impose serious diseases to its ear and foliage, negatively affecting the yield and the quality of the maize crop. A considerable amount of research has been carried out to elucidate mechanisms of maize-pathogen interactions with a major goal to identify defense-associated proteins. In this review, we summarize interactions of maize with its agriculturally important pathogens that were assessed at the proteome level. Employing differential analyses, such as the comparison of pathogen-resistant and susceptible maize varieties, as well as changes in maize proteomes after pathogen challenge, numerous proteins were identified as possible candidates in maize resistance. We describe findings of various research groups that used mainly mass spectrometry-based, high through-put proteomic tools to investigate maize interactions with fungal pathogens Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp., and Curvularia lunata, and viral agents Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus and Sugarcane Mosaic Virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pechanova
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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4
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He CY, Cui K, Zhang JG, Duan AG, Zeng YF. Next-generation sequencing-based mRNA and microRNA expression profiling analysis revealed pathways involved in the rapid growth of developing culms in Moso bamboo. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:119. [PMID: 23964682 PMCID: PMC3765735 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the fastest-growing lignocellulose-abundant plants on Earth, bamboos can reach their final height quickly due to the expansion of individual internodes already present in the buds; however, the molecular processes underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens) internodes from four different developmental stages and three different internodes within the same stage were used in our study to investigate the molecular processes at the transcriptome and post-transcriptome level. RESULTS Our anatomical observations indicated the development of culms was dominated by cell division in the initial stages and by cell elongation in the middle and late stages. The four major endogenous hormones appeared to actively promote culm development. Using next-generation sequencing-based RNA-Seq, mRNA and microRNA expression profiling technology, we produced a transcriptome and post-transcriptome in possession of a large fraction of annotated Moso bamboo genes, and provided a molecular basis underlying the phenomenon of sequentially elongated internodes from the base to the top. Several key pathways such as environmental adaptation, signal transduction, translation, transport and many metabolisms were identified as involved in the rapid elongation of bamboo culms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the temporal and spatial transcriptome and gene expression and microRNA profiling in a developing bamboo culms. In addition to gaining more insight into the unique growth characteristics of bamboo, we provide a good case study to analyze gene, microRNA expression and profiling of non-model plant species using high-throughput short-read sequencing. Also, we demonstrate that the integrated analysis of our multi-omics data, including transcriptome, post-transcriptome, proteome, yield more complete representations and additional biological insights, especially the complex dynamic processes occurring in Moso bamboo culms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-yun He
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kai Cui
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jian-guo Zhang
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ai-guo Duan
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan-fei Zeng
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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5
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Poboży E, Filaber M, Koc A, Garcia-Reyes JF. Application of capillary electrophoretic chips in protein profiling of plant extracts for identification of genetic modifications of maize. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2740-53. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Poboży
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
| | - Monika Filaber
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
| | - Anna Koc
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
| | - Juan F. Garcia-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; University of Jaén; Jaén; Spain
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6
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Wu L, Wang S, Chen X, Wang X, Wu L, Zu X, Chen Y. Proteomic and phytohormone analysis of the response of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to sugarcane mosaic virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70295. [PMID: 23894637 PMCID: PMC3720893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is an important virus pathogen in crop production, causing serious losses in grain and forage yields in susceptible cultivars. Control strategies have been developed, but only marginal successes have been achieved. For the efficient control of this virus, a better understanding of its interactions and associated resistance mechanisms at the molecular level is required. Methodology/Principal Findings The responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes of maize to SCMV and the molecular basis of the resistance were studied using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) analysis. Ninety-six protein spots showed statistically significant differences in intensity after SCMV inoculation. The classification of differentially expressed proteins showed that SCMV-responsive proteins were mainly involved in energy and metabolism, stress and defense responses, and photosynthesis. Most of the proteins identified were located in chloroplasts, chloroplast membranes, and the cytoplasm. Analysis of changes in phytohormone levels after virus inoculation suggested that salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and azelaic acid may played important roles in the maize response to SCMV infection. Conclusions/Significance Among these identified proteins, 19 have not been identified previously as virus-responsive proteins, and seven were new and did not have assigned functions. These proteins may be candidate proteins for future investigation, and they may present new biological functions and play important roles in plant-virus interactions. The behavioural patterns of the identified proteins suggest the existence of defense mechanisms operating during the early stages of infection that differed in two genotypes. In addition, there are overlapping and specific phytohormone responses to SCMV infection between resistant and susceptible maize genotypes. This study may provide important insights into the molecular events during plant responses to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuji Wu
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunxi Wang
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Henan Province Seed Control Station, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liancheng Wu
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zu
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Pechanova O, Pechan T, Rodriguez JM, Williams WP, Brown AE. A two-dimensional proteome map of the aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Proteomics 2013; 13:1513-8. [PMID: 23457007 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic soil-borne pathogen that produces aflatoxins, the most potent naturally occurring carcinogenic compounds known. This work represents the first gel-based profiling analysis of A. flavus proteome and establishes a 2D proteome map. Using 2DE and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, we identified 538 mycelial proteins of the aflatoxigenic strain NRRL 3357, the majority of which were functionally annotated as related to various cellular metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Additionally, a few enzymes from the aflatoxin synthesis pathway were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pechanova
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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8
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Fescemyer HW, Sandoya GV, Gill TA, Ozkan S, Marden JH, Luthe DS. Maize toxin degrades peritrophic matrix proteins and stimulates compensatory transcriptome responses in fall armyworm midgut. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:280-291. [PMID: 23306018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying insect compensatory responses to plant defenses could lead to improved plant resistance to herbivores. The Mp708 inbred line of maize produces the maize insect resistant 1-cysteine protease (Mir1-CP) toxin. Reduced feeding and growth of fall armyworm larvae fed on Mp708 was previously linked to impairment of nutrient utilization and degradation of the midgut (MG) peritrophic matrix (PM) by Mir1-CP. Here we examine the biochemical and transcriptional responses of fall armyworm larvae to Mir1-CP. Insect Intestinal Mucin (IIM) was severely depleted from pure PMs treated in vitro with recombinant Mir1-CP. Larvae fed on Mp708 midwhorls excrete frass largely depleted of IIM. Cracks, fissures and increased porosity previously observed in the PM of larvae fed on Mp708 midwhorls could ensue when Mir1-CP degrades the IIM that cross-links chitin fibrils in the PM. Both targeted and global transcriptome analyses were performed to determine how complete dissolution of the structure and function of the PM is prevented, enabling larvae to continue growing in the presence of Mir1-CP. The MGs from fall armyworm fed on Mp708 upregulate expression of genes encoding proteins involved in PM production as an apparent compensation to replace the disrupted PM structure and restore appropriate counter-current MG gradients. Also, several families of digestive enzymes (endopeptidases, aminopeptidases, lipases, amylase) were more highly expressed in MGs from larvae fed on Mp708 than MGs from larvae fed on diets lacking Mir1-CP (artificial diet, midwhorls from Tx601 or B73 maize). Impaired growth of larvae fed on Mp708 probably results from metabolic costs associated with higher production of PM constituents and digestive enzymes in a compensatory attempt to maintain MG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard W Fescemyer
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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9
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Pechanova O, Takáč T, Šamaj J, Pechan T. Maize proteomics: An insight into the biology of an important cereal crop. Proteomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pechanova
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State; MS; USA
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science; Palacký University; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science; Palacký University; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station,; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State; MS; USA
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10
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Dahal D, Mooney BP, Newton KJ. Specific changes in total and mitochondrial proteomes are associated with higher levels of heterosis in maize hybrids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:70-83. [PMID: 22607058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of hybrid vigor (heterosis) has long been harnessed by plant breeders to improve world food production. However, the changes that are essential for heterotic responses and the mechanisms responsible for heterosis remain undefined. Large increases in biomass and yield in high-heterosis hybrids suggest that alterations in bioenergetic processes may contribute to heterosis. Progeny from crosses between various inbred lines vary in the extent of vigor observed. Field-grown maize F₁ hybrids that consistently exhibited either low or high heterosis across a variety of environments were examined for changes in proteins that may be correlated with increased plant vigor and yield. Unpollinated ears at the time of flowering (ear shoots) were selected for the studies because they are metabolically active, rich in mitochondria, and the sizes of the ears are diagnostic of yield heterosis. Total protein and mitochondrial proteomes were compared among low- and higher-heterosis hybrids. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was used to identify allelic and/or isoform differences linked to heterosis. Identification of differentially regulated spots by mass spectrometry revealed proteins involved in stress responses as well as primary carbon and protein metabolism. Many of these proteins were identified in multiple spots, but analysis of their abundances by label-free mass spectrometry suggested that most of the expression differences were due to isoform variation rather than overall protein amount. Thus, our proteomics studies suggest that expression of specific alleles and/or post-translational modification of specific proteins correlate with higher levels of heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Dahal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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11
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Koc A, Cañuelo A, Garcia-Reyes JF, Molina-Diaz A, Trojanowicz M. Low-molecular weight protein profiling of genetically modified maize using fast liquid chromatography electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1447-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koc
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Ana Cañuelo
- Department of Experimental Biology; University of Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Juan F. Garcia-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; University of Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Diaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; University of Jaén; Jaén Spain
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12
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Sokale A, Peebles ED, Zhai W, Pendarvis K, Burgess S, Pechan T. Proteome profile of the pipping muscle in broiler embryos. Proteomics 2011; 11:4262-5. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Takáč T, Pechan T, Samaj J. Differential proteomics of plant development. J Proteomics 2011; 74:577-88. [PMID: 21315196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this mini-review, recent advances in plant developmental proteomics are summarized. The growing interest in plant proteomics continually produces large numbers of developmental studies on plant cell division, elongation, differentiation, and formation of various organs. The brief overview of changes in proteome profiles emphasizes the participation of stress-related proteins in all developmental processes, which substantially changes the view on functional classification of these proteins. Next, it is noteworthy that proteomics helped to recognize some metabolic and housekeeping proteins as important signaling inducers of developmental pathways. Further, cell division and elongation are dependent on proteins involved in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics. These protein groups are less prevalently represented in studies concerning cell differentiation and organ formation, which do not target primarily cell division. The synthesis of new proteins, generally observed during developmental processes, is followed by active protein folding. In this respect, disulfide isomerase was found to be commonly up-regulated during several developmental processes. The future progress in plant proteomics requires new and/or complementary approaches including cell fractionation, specific chemical treatments, molecular cloning and subcellular localization of proteins combined with more sensitive methods for protein detection and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Pechanova O, Pechan T, Williams WP, Luthe DS. Proteomic analysis of the maize rachis: potential roles of constitutive and induced proteins in resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation. Proteomics 2010; 11:114-27. [PMID: 21182199 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the maize (Zea mays L.) with aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus and consequent contamination with carcinogenic aflatoxin is a persistent and serious agricultural problem causing disease and significant crop losses worldwide. The rachis (cob) is an important structure of maize ear that delivers essential nutrients to the developing kernels and A. flavus spreads through the rachis to infect kernels within the ear. Therefore, rachis plays an important role in fungal proliferation and subsequent kernel contamination. We used proteomic approaches and investigated the rachis tissue from aflatoxin accumulation resistant (Mp313E and Mp420) and susceptible (B73 and SC212m) maize inbred lines. First, we compared rachis proteins from resistant and susceptible inbred lines, which revealed that the young resistant rachis contains higher levels of abiotic stress-related proteins and proteins from phenylpropanoid metabolism, whereas susceptible young rachis contains pathogenesis-related proteins, which are generally inducible upon biotic stress. Second, we identified A. flavus-responsive proteins in rachis of both resistant and susceptible genotypes after 10- and 35-day infection. Differential expression of many stress/defense proteins during rachis juvenility, maturation and after A. flavus challenge demonstrates that resistant rachis relies on constitutive defenses, while susceptible rachis is more dependent on inducible defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pechanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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15
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Kelley RY, Gresham C, Harper J, Bridges SM, Warburton ML, Hawkins LK, Pechanova O, Peethambaran B, Pechan T, Luthe DS, Mylroie JE, Ankala A, Ozkan S, Henry WB, Williams WP. Integrated database for identifying candidate genes for Aspergillus flavus resistance in maize. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11 Suppl 6:S25. [PMID: 20946609 PMCID: PMC3026372 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr, an opportunistic fungus that produces aflatoxin, is pathogenic to maize and other oilseed crops. Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen, and its presence markedly reduces the value of grain. Understanding and enhancing host resistance to A. flavus infection and/or subsequent aflatoxin accumulation is generally considered an efficient means of reducing grain losses to aflatoxin. Different proteomic, genomic and genetic studies of maize (Zea mays L.) have generated large data sets with the goal of identifying genes responsible for conferring resistance to A. flavus, or aflatoxin. RESULTS In order to maximize the usage of different data sets in new studies, including association mapping, we have constructed a relational database with web interface integrating the results of gene expression, proteomic (both gel-based and shotgun), Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) genetic mapping studies, and sequence data from the literature to facilitate selection of candidate genes for continued investigation. The Corn Fungal Resistance Associated Sequences Database (CFRAS-DB) (http://agbase.msstate.edu/) was created with the main goal of identifying genes important to aflatoxin resistance. CFRAS-DB is implemented using MySQL as the relational database management system running on a Linux server, using an Apache web server, and Perl CGI scripts as the web interface. The database and the associated web-based interface allow researchers to examine many lines of evidence (e.g. microarray, proteomics, QTL studies, SNP data) to assess the potential role of a gene or group of genes in the response of different maize lines to A. flavus infection and subsequent production of aflatoxin by the fungus. CONCLUSIONS CFRAS-DB provides the first opportunity to integrate data pertaining to the problem of A. flavus and aflatoxin resistance in maize in one resource and to support queries across different datasets. The web-based interface gives researchers different query options for mining the database across different types of experiments. The database is publically available at http://agbase.msstate.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Y Kelley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
- Institute of Digital Biology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Cathy Gresham
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Jonathan Harper
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
- Institute of Digital Biology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Susan M Bridges
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
- Institute of Digital Biology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Marilyn L Warburton
- Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Leigh K Hawkins
- Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Olga Pechanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | | | - Tibor Pechan
- Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Dawn S Luthe
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - J E Mylroie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Arunkanth Ankala
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Seval Ozkan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - W B Henry
- Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - W P Williams
- Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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