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Santi L, Berger M, Guimarães JA, Calegari-Alves YP, Vainstein MH, Yates JR, Beys-da-Silva WO. Proteomic profile of Cryptococcus gattii biofilm: Metabolic shift and the potential activation of electron chain transport. J Proteomics 2024; 290:105022. [PMID: 37838096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is a primary pathogenic fungus that causes pneumonia. This species is also responsible for an outbreak in Vancouver, Canada, and spreading to the mainland and United States. The use of medical devices is often complicated by infections with biofilm-forming microbes with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms. This study investigated the comparative proteome of C. gattii R265 (VGIIa) grown under planktonic and biofilm conditions. A brief comparison with C. neoformans H99 biofilm and the use of different culture medium and surface were also evaluated. Using Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT), 1819 proteins were identified for both conditions, where 150 (8.2%) were considered differentially regulated (up- or down-regulated and unique in biofilm cells). Overall, the proteomic approach suggests that C. gattii R265 biofilm cells are maintained by the induction of electron transport chain for reoxidation, and by alternative energy metabolites, such as succinate and acetate. SIGNIFICANCE: Since C. gattii is considered a primary pathogen and is one of the most virulent and less susceptible to antifungals, understanding how biofilms are maintained is fundamental to search for new targets to control this important mode of growth that is difficult to eradicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Santi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Markus Berger
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Jorge A Guimarães
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves
- Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Vainstein
- Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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2
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Kassem A, Abbas L, Coutinho O, Opara S, Najaf H, Kasperek D, Pokhrel K, Li X, Tiquia-Arashiro S. Applications of Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy in microbial cell biology and environmental microbiology: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304081. [PMID: 38075889 PMCID: PMC10703385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play pivotal roles in shaping ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Their intricate interactions involve complex biochemical processes. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for monitoring these interactions, revealing microorganism composition and responses to the environment. This review explores the diversity of applications of FT-IR spectroscopy within the field of microbiology, highlighting its specific utility in microbial cell biology and environmental microbiology. It emphasizes key applications such as microbial identification, process monitoring, cell wall analysis, biofilm examination, stress response assessment, and environmental interaction investigation, showcasing the crucial role of FT-IR in advancing our understanding of microbial systems. Furthermore, we address challenges including sample complexity, data interpretation nuances, and the need for integration with complementary techniques. Future prospects for FT-IR in environmental microbiology include a wide range of transformative applications and advancements. These include the development of comprehensive and standardized FT-IR libraries for precise microbial identification, the integration of advanced analytical techniques, the adoption of high-throughput and single-cell analysis, real-time environmental monitoring using portable FT-IR systems and the incorporation of FT-IR data into ecological modeling for predictive insights into microbial responses to environmental changes. These innovative avenues promise to significantly advance our understanding of microorganisms and their complex interactions within various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kassem
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Lana Abbas
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Oliver Coutinho
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Somie Opara
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Hawraa Najaf
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Diana Kasperek
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Keshav Pokhrel
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Sonia Tiquia-Arashiro
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
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3
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Jasu A, Ray RR. Biofilm mediated strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution: A critical review in metal bioremediation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Seneviratne CJ, Suriyanarayanan T, Widyarman AS, Lee LS, Lau M, Ching J, Delaney C, Ramage G. Multi-omics tools for studying microbial biofilms: current perspectives and future directions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:759-778. [PMID: 33030973 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1828817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of omics technologies has greatly improved our understanding of microbial biology, particularly in the last two decades. The field of microbial biofilms is, however, relatively new, consolidated in the 1980s. The morphogenic switching by microbes from planktonic to biofilm phenotype confers numerous survival advantages such as resistance to desiccation, antibiotics, biocides, ultraviolet radiation, and host immune responses, thereby complicating treatment strategies for pathogenic microorganisms. Hence, understanding the mechanisms governing the biofilm phenotype can result in efficient treatment strategies directed specifically against molecular markers mediating this process. The application of omics technologies for studying microbial biofilms is relatively less explored and holds great promise in furthering our understanding of biofilm biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the application of omics tools such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics as well as multi-omics approaches for studying microbial biofilms in the current literature. We also highlight how the use of omics tools directed at various stages of the biological information flow, from genes to metabolites, can be integrated via multi-omics platforms to provide a holistic view of biofilm biology. Following this, we propose a future artificial intelligence-based multi-omics platform that can predict the pathways associated with different biofilm phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaminda J Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanujaa Suriyanarayanan
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Grogol, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lye Siang Lee
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Metabolomics Lab, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Lau
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Metabolomics Lab, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Delaney
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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5
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Abstract
Worldwide, infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death among children. At least 65% of all infections are caused by the biofilm mode of bacterial growth. Bacteria colonise surfaces and grow as multicellular biofilm communities surrounded by a polymeric matrix as a common survival strategy. These sessile communities endow bacteria with high tolerance to antimicrobial agents and hence cause persistent and chronic bacterial infections, such as dental caries, periodontitis, otitis media, cystic fibrosis and pneumonia. The highly complex nature and the rapid adaptability of the biofilm population impede our understanding of the process of biofilm formation, but an important role for oxygen-binding proteins herein is clear. Much research on this bacterial lifestyle is already performed, from genome/proteome analysis to in vivo antibiotic susceptibility testing, but without significant progress in biofilm treatment or eradication. This review will present the multiple challenges of biofilm research and discuss possibilities to cross these barriers in future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Donné
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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6
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Gardiner M, Fernandes ND, Nowakowski D, Raftery M, Kjelleberg S, Zhong L, Thomas T, Egan S. VarR controls colonization and virulence in the marine macroalgal pathogen Nautella italica R11. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1130. [PMID: 26528274 PMCID: PMC4602140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that macroalgae (seaweeds) are susceptible to infectious disease. However, to date, little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate the colonization and virulence of microbial seaweed pathogens. One well-described example of a seaweed disease is the bleaching of the red alga Delisea pulchra, which can be caused by the bacterium Nautella italica R11, a member of the Roseobacter clade. This pathogen contains a unique luxR-type gene, varR, which we hypothesize controls its colonization and virulence. We show here that a varR knock-out strain is deficient in its ability to cause disease in D. pulchra and is defective in biofilm formation and attachment to a common algal polysaccharide. Moreover complementation of the varR gene in trans can restore these functions to the wild type levels. Proteomic analysis of bacterial cells in planktonic and biofilm growth highlight the potential importance of nitrogen scavenging, mobilization of energy reserves, and stress resistance in the biofilm lifestyle of N. italica R11. Moreover, we show that VarR regulates the expression of a specific subset of biofilm-associated proteins. Taken together these data suggest that VarR controls colonization and persistence of N. italica R11 on the surface of a macroalgal host and that it is an important regulator of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gardiner
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil D Fernandes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Nowakowski
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Singapore
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Kumar A, Mallik D, Pal S, Mallick S, Sarkar S, Chanda A, Ghosh AS. Escherichia coli O8-antigen enhances biofilm formation under agitated conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv112. [PMID: 26187746 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface components have a major role in the development of biofilms. In the present study, the effect of Escherichia coli O8-antigen on biofilms was investigated using two E. coli K-12 derived strains that differed only in the O8-antigen biosynthesis. In the presence of O8-antigen both bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation slightly decreased under static conditions whereas a substantial increase in adhesion and biofilm formation was observed under agitated conditions. It was noted that, irrespective of the O8-antigen status, the hydrophobic interactions played an important role in bacterial adhesion under both static and agitated conditions. However, under agitated conditions, the extent of bacterial adhesion in the O8-antigen bearing strain was predominantly determined by the electrostatic interactions. Results showed that the presence of O8-antigen decreases the surface hydrophobicity and surface charge. Moreover, O8-antigen facilitates adhesion on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces as revealed through tests with modified substrata. Our results indicate that O8-antigen, which appears dispensable for biofilm formation under static conditions, actually enhances E. coli biofilm formation under agitated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
| | - Dhriti Mallik
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
| | - Shilpa Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
| | - Sathi Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
| | - Sujoy Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
| | - Ajoy Chanda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
| | - Anindya S Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, PIN-721302
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8
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Khemiri A, Jouenne T, Cosette P. Proteomics dedicated to biofilmology: What have we learned from a decade of research? Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:1-19. [PMID: 26068406 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in proteomics techniques over the past decade, closely integrated with genomic and physicochemical approach, have played a great role in developing knowledge of the biofilm lifestyle of bacteria. Despite bacterial proteome versatility, many studies have demonstrated the ability of proteomics approaches to elucidating the biofilm phenotype. Though these investigations have been largely used for biofilm studies in the last decades, they represent, however, a very low percentage of proteomics works performed up to now. Such approaches have offered new targets for combating microbial biofilms by providing a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative overview of their protein cell content. Herein, we summarized the state of the art in knowledge about biofilm physiology after one decade of proteomic analysis. In a second part, we highlighted missing research tracks for the next decade, emphasizing the emergence of posttranslational modifications in proteomic studies stemming from recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbia Khemiri
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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9
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Abstract
Bacteria are extremely versatile organisms that rapidly adapt to changing environments. When bacterial cells switch from planktonic growth to biofilm, flagellum formation is turned off and the production of fimbriae and extracellular polysaccharides is switched on. BolA is present in most Gram-negative bacteria, and homologues can be found from proteobacteria to eukaryotes. Here, we show that BolA is a new bacterial transcription factor that modulates the switch from a planktonic to a sessile lifestyle. It negatively modulates flagellar biosynthesis and swimming capacity in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, BolA overexpression favors biofilm formation, involving the production of fimbria-like adhesins and curli. Our results also demonstrate that BolA is a protein with high affinity to DNA and is able to regulate many genes on a genome-wide scale. Moreover, we show that the most significant targets of this protein involve a complex network of genes encoding proteins related to biofilm development. Herein, we propose that BolA is a motile/adhesive transcriptional switch, specifically involved in the transition between the planktonic and the attachment stage of biofilm formation. Escherichia coli cells possess several mechanisms to cope with stresses. BolA has been described as a protein important for survival in late stages of bacterial growth and under harsh environmental conditions. BolA-like proteins are widely conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Although their exact function is not fully established at the molecular level, they seem to be involved in cell proliferation or cell cycle regulation. Here, we unraveled the role of BolA in biofilm development and bacterial motility. Our work suggests that BolA actively contributes to the decision of bacteria to arrest flagellar production and initiate the attachment to form structured communities, such as biofilms. The molecular studies of different lifestyles coupled with the comprehension of the BolA functions may be an important step for future perspectives, with health care and biotechnology applications.
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10
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of sub-MIC erythromycin inhibiting biofilm formation of S. suis in vitro. J Proteomics 2015; 116:1-14. [PMID: 25579403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a swine pathogen and also a zoonotic agent. Biofilms of S. suis may cause persistent infections by the host immune system and antibiotics. Sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of erythromycin can inhibit biofilm formation in bacteria. Here, we performed comparative proteomic analyses of cells at two different conditions: sub-MIC erythromycin treated and nontreated cells. Using iTRAQ strategy, we found some novel proteins that involved in biofilm formation. 79 differentially expressed proteins were identified in sub-MIC erythromycin inhibiting planktonic cell when the protein had both a fold-change of more that a ratio >1.2 or <0.8 (p-value <0.05). Several cell surface proteins (such as Primosomal protein N', l-fucose isomerase, and ABC superfamily ATP binding cassette transporter, membrane protein), as well as those involved in Quorum-sensing, were found to be implicated in biofilm formation. Overall, our results indicated that cell surface proteins played an important role in biofilm formation. Quorum-sensing played a crucial role leading to biofilm formation. ABC superfamily ATP binding cassette transporter, membrane protein and comD might act as channels for erythromycin uptake in Quorum-sensing system. Thus, our data analyzed rough regulatory pathways of biofilm formation that might potentially be exploited to deal with biofilm infections of S. suis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Microbial Proteomics. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we identified many proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes that were not previously known to be associated with biofilm formation of S. suis and target spot of erythromycin. Therefore, our manuscript represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles of biofilm formation of S. suis inhibited by sub-MIC erythromycin and provides new proteomic information about biofilm formation.
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11
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Li J, Liu F, Wang Q, Ge P, Woo PCY, Yan J, Zhao Y, Gao GF, Liu CH, Liu C. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of NDM-1 Klebsiella pneumoniae in spaceflight reveal mechanisms underlying environmental adaptability. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6216. [PMID: 25163721 PMCID: PMC4147364 DOI: 10.1038/srep06216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains has caused a great concern worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms underlying environmental adaptation of those highly drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains, we took advantage of the China's Shenzhou 10 spacecraft mission to conduct comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of a NDM-1 K. pneumoniae strain (ATCC BAA-2146) being cultivated under different conditions. The samples were recovered from semisolid medium placed on the ground (D strain), in simulated space condition (M strain), or in Shenzhou 10 spacecraft (T strain) for analysis. Our data revealed multiple variations underlying pathogen adaptation into different environments in terms of changes in morphology, H2O2 tolerance and biofilm formation ability, genomic stability and regulation of metabolic pathways. Additionally, we found a few non-coding RNAs to be differentially regulated. The results are helpful for better understanding the adaptive mechanisms of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- 1] Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China [2] School of medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pupu Ge
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Compound Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbei Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changting Liu
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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12
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Fuszard MA, Ow SY, Gan CS, Noirel J, Ternan NG, McMullan G, Biggs CA, Reardon KF, Wright PC. The quantitative proteomic response of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 to phosphate acclimation. AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:5. [PMID: 23442353 PMCID: PMC3600050 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a critical nutrient for all life and is periodically limiting in marine and freshwater provinces, yet little is understood how organisms acclimate to fluctuations in Pi within their environment. To investigate whole cell adaptation, we grew Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, a model freshwater cyanobacterium, in 3%, and 0.3% inorganic phosphate (Pi) media. The cells were allowed to acclimate over 60 days, and cells were harvested for quantitative high throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the iTRAQ™ labelling technology. RESULTS In total, 120 proteins were identified, and 52 proteins were considered differentially abundant compared to the control. Alkaline phosphatase (APase) activities correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with observed relative PhoA abundances. PstS1 and PstS2 were both observed, yet PstS1 was not differentially more abundant than the control. Phycobilisome protein abundances appeared to be coordinated, and are significantly less abundant in 0.3% Pi than 3% Pi cultures. Also, the central metabolic cell function appears to have shifted towards the production of (NADPH) reducing energy and nucleotide sugars. CONCLUSIONS This acclimation response bears strong similarity to the previously reported response to nitrogen deprivation within Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. However, it also demonstrates some characteristics of desiccation stress, such as the regulation of fatty acids and increased abundance of rehydrin in the 3% Pi culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Fuszard
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Saw Yen Ow
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | | | - Josseilin Noirel
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Geoff McMullan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Catherine A Biggs
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kenneth F Reardon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1370, USA
| | - Phillip C Wright
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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13
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Phillips NJ, Steichen CT, Schilling B, Post DMB, Niles RK, Bair TB, Falsetta ML, Apicella MA, Gibson BW. Proteomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae biofilms shows shift to anaerobic respiration and changes in nutrient transport and outermembrane proteins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38303. [PMID: 22701624 PMCID: PMC3368942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, can form biofilms in vitro and in vivo. In biofilms, the organism is more resistant to antibiotic treatment and can serve as a reservoir for chronic infection. We have used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to compare protein expression in biofilm and planktonic organisms. Two parallel populations of N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291, which is an arginine auxotroph, were grown for 48 h in continuous-flow chambers over glass, one supplemented with (13)C(6)-arginine for planktonic organisms and the other with unlabeled arginine for biofilm growth. The biofilm and planktonic cells were harvested and lysed separately, and fractionated into three sequential protein extracts. Corresponding heavy (H) planktonic and light (L) biofilm protein extracts were mixed and separated by 1D SDS-PAGE gels, and samples were extensively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, 757 proteins were identified, and 152 unique proteins met a 1.5-fold cutoff threshold for differential expression with p-values <0.05. Comparing biofilm to planktonic organisms, this set included 73 upregulated and 54 downregulated proteins. Nearly a third of the upregulated proteins were involved in energy metabolism, with cell envelope proteins making up the next largest group. Of the downregulated proteins, the largest groups were involved in protein synthesis and energy metabolism. These proteomics results were compared with our previously reported results from transcriptional profiling of gonococcal biofilms using microarrays. Nitrite reductase and cytochrome c peroxidase, key enzymes required for anaerobic growth, were detected as highly upregulated in both the proteomic and transcriptomic datasets. These and other protein expression changes observed in the present study were consistent with a shift to anaerobic respiration in gonococcal biofilms, although changes in membrane proteins not explicitly related to this shift may have other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J. Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Steichen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Deborah M. B. Post
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Niles
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Bair
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Falsetta
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Apicella
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bradford W. Gibson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kong Q, Beanan JM, Olson R, Macdonald U, Shon AS, Metzger DJ, Pomakov AO, Russo TA. Biofilm formed by a hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae does not enhance serum resistance or survival in an in vivo abscess model. Virulence 2012; 3:309-18. [PMID: 22546898 DOI: 10.4161/viru.20383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) clinical variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) has emerged over the last decade. Our goal is to identify new mechanisms, which increase the virulence hvKP. It has been shown that hvKP strains produce more biofilm than "classical" stains of K. pneumoniae, therefore we hypothesized that biofilm formation may contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic infection. To test this hypothesis, transposon mutants of the model pathogen hvKP1 were generated and screened for decreased production of biofilm. Three mutant constructs with disruptions in glnA [putatively encodes glutamine synthetase, hvKP1 glnA:: EZ::TN < KAN-2 > (glnA::Tn)], sucD [putatively encodes succinyl-CoA synthase α subunit, hvKP1 sucD:: EZ::TN < KAN-2 > (sucD::Tn)], and tag [putatively encodes transcriptional antiterminator of glycerol uptake operon, hvKP1 tag:: EZ::TN < KAN-2 > (tag::Tn)] were chosen for further characterization and use in biologic studies. Quantitative assays performed in rich laboratory medium and human ascites confirmed the phenotype and a hypermucoviscosity assay established that capsule production was not affected. However, compared with its wild-type parent, neither planktonic cells nor biofilms of glnA::Tn, sucD::Tn and tag::Tn displayed a change to the bactericidal activity of 90% human serum. Likewise, when assessed in a rat subcutaneous abscess model, the growth and survival of glnA::Tn, sucD::Tn and tag::Tn in abscess fluid was similar to hvKP1. In this report we identify three new genes that contribute to biofilm formation in hvKP1. However, decreased biofilm production due to disruption of these genes does not affect the sensitivity of these mutant constructs to 90% human serum when in planktonic form or within a biofilm. Further, their virulence in an in vivo abscess model was unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Kong
- Department of Medicine, University of Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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15
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Seneviratne CJ, Wang Y, Jin L, Wong SSW, Herath TDK, Samaranayake LP. Unraveling the resistance of microbial biofilms: Has proteomics been helpful? Proteomics 2012; 12:651-65. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Mukherjee J, Karunakaran E, Biggs CA. Using a multi-faceted approach to determine the changes in bacterial cell surface properties influenced by a biofilm lifestyle. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:1-14. [PMID: 22150164 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.639067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a developmental process in which initial reversible adhesion is governed by physico-chemical forces, whilst irreversible adhesion is mediated by biological changes within a cell, such as the production of extracellular polymeric substances. Using two bacteria, E. coli MG1655 and B. cereus ATCC 10987, this study establishes that the surface of the bacterial cell also undergoes specific modifications, which result in biofilm formation and maintenance. Using various surface characterisation techniques and proteomics, an increase in the surface exposed proteins on E. coli cells during biofilm formation was demonstrated, along with an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in surface charge. For B. cereus, an increase in the surface polysaccharides during biofilm formation was found as well as a decrease in hydrophobicity and surface charge. This work therefore shows that surface modifications during biofilm formation occur and understanding these specific changes may lead to the formulation of effective biofilm control strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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17
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Koerdt A, Orell A, Pham TK, Mukherjee J, Wlodkowski A, Karunakaran E, Biggs CA, Wright PC, Albers SV. Macromolecular fingerprinting of sulfolobus species in biofilm: a transcriptomic and proteomic approach combined with spectroscopic analysis. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4105-19. [PMID: 21761944 PMCID: PMC3166137 DOI: 10.1021/pr2003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Microorganisms in nature often live in surface-associated sessile communities, encased in a self-produced matrix, referred to as biofilms. Biofilms have been well studied in bacteria but in a limited way for archaea. We have recently characterized biofilm formation in three closely related hyperthermophilic crenarchaeotes: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, and S. tokodaii. These strains form different communities ranging from simple carpet structures in S. solfataricus to high density tower-like structures in S. acidocaldarius under static condition. Here, we combine spectroscopic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses to describe physiological and regulatory features associated with biofilms. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that in comparison to planktonic life-style, biofilm life-style has distinctive influence on the physiology of each Sulfolobus spp. Proteomic and transcriptomic data show that biofilm-forming life-style is strain specific (eg ca. 15% of the S. acidocaldarius genes were differently expressed, S. solfataricus and S. tokodaii had ∼3.4 and ∼1%, respectively). The -omic data showed that regulated ORFs were widely distributed in basic cellular functions, including surface modifications. Several regulated genes are common to biofilm-forming cells in all three species. One of the most striking common response genes include putative Lrs14-like transcriptional regulators, indicating their possible roles as a key regulatory factor in biofilm development. S. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, and S. tokodaii strains were grown independently as biofilms. Comparison between planktonic and biofilm cell popupations of all three strains was performed by spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and XPS), iTRAQ proteomics, and RNA microarrays. To highlight common features in biofilm formation among the Sulfolobus strains, the data is presented as a comparative analysis. One of the most striking common response genes include putative Lrs14-like transcriptional regulators, suggesting their roles as key regulatory factor in biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koerdt
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Karunakaran E, Mukherjee J, Ramalingam B, Biggs CA. "Biofilmology": a multidisciplinary review of the study of microbial biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1869-81. [PMID: 21538113 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The observation of biofilm formation is not a new phenomenon. The prevalence and significance of biofilm and aggregate formation in various processes have encouraged extensive research in this field for more than 40 years. In this review, we highlight techniques from different disciplines that have been used to successfully describe the extracellular, surface and intracellular elements that are predominant in understanding biofilm formation. To reduce the complexities involved in studying biofilms, researchers in the past have generally taken a parts-based, disciplinary specific approach to understand the different components of biofilms in isolation from one another. Recently, a few studies have looked into combining the different techniques to achieve a more holistic understanding of biofilms, yet this approach is still in its infancy. In order to attain a global understanding of the processes involved in the formation of biofilms and to formulate effective biofilm control strategies, researchers in the next decade should recognise that the study of biofilms, i.e. biofilmology, has evolved into a discipline in its own right and that mutual cooperation between the various disciplines towards a multidisciplinary research vision is vital in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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