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Thongboonkerd V, Chaiyarit S. Gel-Based and Gel-Free Phosphoproteomics to Measure and Characterize Mitochondrial Phosphoproteins. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e390. [PMID: 35275445 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a key intracellular organelle regulating metabolic processes, oxidative stress, energy production, calcium homeostasis, and cell survival. Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial functions and cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of protein phosphorylation status can cause protein malfunction and abnormal signal transduction, leading to organ dysfunction and disease. Investigating the mitochondrial phosphoproteins is therefore crucial to better understand the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of many metabolic disorders. Conventional analyses of phosphoproteins, for instance, via western blotting, can be done only for proteins for which specific antibodies to their phosphorylated forms are available. Moreover, such an approach is not suitable for large-scale study of phosphoproteins. Currently, proteomics represents an important tool for large-scale analysis of proteins and their post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation. Here, we provide step-by-step protocols for the proteomics analysis of mitochondrial phosphoproteins (the phosphoproteome), using renal tubular cells as an example. These protocols include methods to effectively isolate mitochondria and to validate the efficacy of mitochondrial enrichment as well as its purity. We also provide detailed protocols for performing both gel-based and gel-free phosphoproteome analyses. The gel-based analysis involves two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and phosphoprotein-specific staining, followed by protein identification via mass spectrometry, whereas the gel-free approach is based on in-solution mass spectrometric identification of specific phosphorylation sites and residues. In all, these approaches allow large-scale analyses of mitochondrial phosphoproteins that can be applied to other cells and tissues of interest. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Mitochondrial isolation/purification from renal tubular cells Support Protocol: Validation of enrichment efficacy and purity of mitochondrial isolation Basic Protocol 2: Gel-based phosphoproteome analysis Basic Protocol 3: Gel-free phosphoproteome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Peng J, Zhang H, Li X, Liu S, Zhao X, Wu J, Kang X, Qin H, Pan Z, Wu R. Dual-Metal Centered Zirconium-Organic Framework: A Metal-Affinity Probe for Highly Specific Interaction with Phosphopeptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:35012-35020. [PMID: 27983800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly specific affinity between probes and phosphopeptides is the fundamental interaction for selective identification of phosphoproteomes that uncover the mechanisms of signal transduction, cell cycle, enzymatic regulation, and gene expression in biological systems. In this study, a metal-affinity probe possessing both interactions of metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was facilely prepared by immobilizing zirconium(IV) on a zirconium-organic framework of UiO-66-NH2, which holds dual-metal centers of not only the inherent Zr-O cluster but also the immobilized Zr(IV) center. This dual-metal centered zirconium-organic framework (DZMOF) demonstrates as a highly specific metal-affinity probe toward the extraction of phosphopeptides due to the metal-affinity interactions of MOAC and IMAC toward either mono-phosphorylated or multi-phosphorylated peptides. The binding energies of zirconium 3d5/2 and 3d3/2 in this DZMOF are 183.07 and 185.47 eV, respectively, which are higher than those of the intact UiO-66-NH2 (182.84 and 185.17 eV, respectively), confirming the higher metal-affinity interaction between the DZMOF and phosphopeptides. This high metal-affinity probe presents an unprecedented strong performance in anti-nonspecific interference during the capturing of phosphopeptides of β-casein with the molar ratio of β-casein vs bovine serum albumin up to ca. 1:5000. The enrichment of phosphopeptides from a human saliva sample by DZMOF further confirms the great potential of DZMOF in the extraction of low-abundance phosphopeptides for real complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengju Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingyun Zhao
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zaifa Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ren'an Wu
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
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Jorrín-Novo JV, Pascual J, Sánchez-Lucas R, Romero-Rodríguez MC, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Lenz C, Valledor L. Fourteen years of plant proteomics reflected in Proteomics: moving from model species and 2DE-based approaches to orphan species and gel-free platforms. Proteomics 2015; 15:1089-112. [PMID: 25487722 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the topic of plant proteomics is reviewed based on related papers published in the journal Proteomics since publication of the first issue in 2001. In total, around 300 original papers and 41 reviews published in Proteomics between 2000 and 2014 have been surveyed. Our main objective for this review is to help bridge the gap between plant biologists and proteomics technologists, two often very separate groups. Over the past years a number of reviews on plant proteomics have been published . To avoid repetition we have focused on more recent literature published after 2010, and have chosen to rather make continuous reference to older publications. The use of the latest proteomics techniques and their integration with other approaches in the "systems biology" direction are discussed more in detail. Finally we comment on the recent history, state of the art, and future directions of plant proteomics, using publications in Proteomics to illustrate the progress in the field. The review is organized into two major blocks, the first devoted to provide an overview of experimental systems (plants, plant organs, biological processes) and the second one to the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
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Yang C, Zhong X, Li L. Recent advances in enrichment and separation strategies for mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3418-29. [PMID: 24687451 PMCID: PMC4849134 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the significance of protein phosphorylation in various biological processes and signaling events, new analytical techniques for enhanced phosphoproteomics have been rapidly introduced in the recent years. The combinatorial use of the phospho-specific enrichment techniques and prefractionation methods prior to MS analysis enable comprehensive profiling of the phosphoproteome and facilitate deciphering the critical roles that phosphorylation plays in signaling pathways in various biological systems. This review places special emphasis on the recent five-year (2009-2013) advances for enrichment and separation techniques that have been utilized for phosphopeptides prior to MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Sun Z, Hamilton KL, Reardon KF. Evaluation of quantitative performance of sequential immobilized metal affinity chromatographic enrichment for phosphopeptides. Anal Biochem 2013; 445:30-7. [PMID: 24096195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a sequential elution protocol from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) employing gallium-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) in conjunction with titanium dioxide-based metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC). The quantitative performance of this SIMAC enrichment approach, assessed in terms of repeatability, dynamic range, and linearity, was evaluated using a mixture composed of tryptic peptides from caseins, bovine serum albumin, and phosphopeptide standards. Although our data demonstrate the overall consistent performance of the SIMAC approach under various loading conditions, the results also revealed that the method had limited repeatability and linearity for most phosphopeptides tested, and different phosphopeptides were found to have different linear ranges. These data suggest that, unless additional strategies are used, SIMAC should be regarded as a semiquantitative method when used in large-scale phosphoproteomics studies in complex backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Abstract
Massive evidence suggests that genetic abnormalities contribute to the development of lung cancer. These molecular abnormalities may serve as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for this deadly disease. It is imperative to search these biomarkers in different tumorigenesis pathways so as to provide the most appropriate therapy for each individual patient with lung malignancy. Phosphoproteomics is a promising technology for the identification of biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for cancer. Thousands of proteins interact via physical and chemical association. Moreover, some proteins can covalently modify other proteins post-translationally. These post-translational modifications ultimately give rise to the emergent functions of cells in sequence, space and time. Phosphoproteomics clinical researches imply the comprehensive analysis of the proteins that are expressed in cells or tissues and can be employed at different stages. In addition, understanding the functions of phosphorylated proteins requires the study of proteomes as linked systems rather than collections of individual protein molecules. In fact, proteomics approaches coupled with affinity chromatography strategies followed by mass spectrometry have been used to elucidate relevant biological questions. This article will discuss the relevant clues of post-translational modifications, phosphorylated proteins, and useful proteomics approaches to identify molecular cancer signatures. The recent progress in phosphoproteomics research in lung cancer will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López
- Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Oncohematology of Children, Madrid 28009, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +852-295-854-41; Fax: +852-295-854-55
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