Immunoproteomic analysis of the antibody response obtained in mouse following vaccination with a T-cell vaccine

PDIA3 correlates with clinical malignant features and immune signature in human gliomas

Since therapeutic strategies are limited in gliomas, new molecules or biomarkers are essential for diagnosis and therapy. Here, we investigated expression of protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) in gliomas to evaluate its potential as a promising immune target or biomarker. Transcriptome level, genomic profiles and its association with clinical practice from TCGA and CGGA databases were analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using R project. In gliomas with high PDIA3 expression, somatic mutations showed the correlation with loss of PTEN and amplification of EGFR; meanwhile, in PDIA3 low gliomas, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) took 80%. Moreover, PDIA3 was found to positively correlate with ESTIMATE scores and diverse infiltrating immune and stromal cell types localizing in tumor microenvironment. PDIA3 was found to be highly correlated with macrophage and T cells based on single cell sequencing. Additionally, PDIA3 was also involved in suppression of anti-tumor immunity via multiple immune regulatory processes. Finally, PDIA3 was observed to correlate with other immune checkpoint inhibitors and associated with inflammation. Our findings identified the significance of PDIA3 in the process of gliomas and demonstrated the potential of PDIA3 as a molecular target in prognosis and immune related treatment of gliomas

The role of protein disulphide-isomerase A3 as autoantigen in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis and related brain damage in adult mice

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT)-related brain damage is one of most severe extrathyroidal manifestations of AIT, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is expressed in both thyroid and brain tissues of mouse, and found the significantly increased serum levels of anti-PDIA3 antibody (PDIA3Ab) in classical mouse models of thyroiditis. In addition, we investigated the PDIA3-specific autoimmune reaction in thyroid and brain tissues in a mouse model with high-serum PDIA3Ab induced by immunization with recombinant PDIA3 protein. PDIA3-immunized mice had elevated serum thyrotropin and impaired learning and memory. PDIA3-expressing cells had IgG deposition, and IgG colocalized with C3 in the thyroid and brain tissues of PDIA3-immunized mice, resulting in membrane attack complex formation. Our results suggest that PDIA3 protein may be a common autoantigen shared by the thyroid and brain tissues and involve in the thyroidal and intracerebral damage through activating complement system.

Protein disulfide isomerase A3-specific Th1 effector cells infiltrate colon cancer tissue of patients with circulating anti-protein disulfide isomerase A3 autoantibodies

To investigate novel colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated antigens that could be targets of humoral or cellular responses, we analyzed the reactivity of serum from a long-surviving CRC patient (for more than 100 months of follow-up) in clinical remission, by serologic proteome analysis. Two-dimensional Western blotting (2D-WB) and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a strong reactivity of this serum against protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). Anti-PDIA3 antibodies are not a diagnostic marker of CRC, 2D-WB and Luminex analysis revealed that they were equally present in about 10% of sera from healthy subjects and CRC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival in CRC patient cohort, after 48 months of follow-up, showed a trend of higher survival in patients with increased levels of autoantibodies to PDIA3. Therefore, the interplay between the presence of these antibodies and T-cell response was investigated. Peripheral blood T cells from CRC patients with high immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity to PDIA3 also secreted interferon gamma (IFN-γ) when stimulated in vitro with recombinant PDIA3, whereas those from CRC with low IgG reactivity to PDIA3 did not. PDIA3-pulsed dendritic cells efficiently induced proliferation and IFN-γ production of autologous CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Finally, ex vivo analysis of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes from CRC patients with autoantibodies to PDIA3 revealed that PDIA3-specific Th1 effector cells accumulated in tumor tissue. These data indicate that the presence of autoantibodies to PDIA3 favors the development of an efficient and specific T-cell response against PDIA3 in CRC patients. These results may be relevant for the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in CRC patients.

Proteomic analysis of intestinal tissues from mice fed with Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides

Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharides induce the differential proteins in abundance in mouse colon and small intestine.

Proteomic profiling of lymphocytes in autoimmunity, inflammation and cancer

Lymphocytes play important roles in the balance between body defense and noxious agents involved in a number of diseases, e.g. autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation and cancer. The proteomic analyses have been applied to identify and validate disease-associated and disease-specific biomarkers for therapeutic strategies of diseases. The proteomic profiles of lymphocytes may provide more information to understand their functions and roles in the development of diseases, although proteomic approaches in lymphocytes are still limited. The present review overviewed the proteomics-based studies on lymphocytes to headlight the proteomic profiles of lymphocytes in diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation and cancer, with a special focus on lung diseases. We will explore the potential significance of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets from the current status in proteomic studies of lymphocytes and discuss the value of the currently available proteomic methodologies in the lymphocytes research.