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Lohr K, Pachl F, Moghaddas Gholami A, Geillinger KE, Daniel H, Kuster B, Klingenspor M. Reduced mitochondrial mass and function add to age-related susceptibility toward diet-induced fatty liver in C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/19/e12988. [PMID: 27694529 PMCID: PMC5064140 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden in the aging society with an urging medical need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered critical in the development of hepatic steatosis, the hallmark of NAFLD. Our study addressed in C57BL/6J mice the effect of high fat diet feeding and age on liver mitochondria at an early stage of NAFLD development. We therefore analyzed functional characteristics of hepatic mitochondria and associated alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in response to high fat feeding in adolescent, young adult, and middle‐aged mice. Susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity increased with age. Young adult and middle‐aged mice developed fatty liver, but not adolescent mice. Fat accumulation was negatively correlated with an age‐related reduction in mitochondrial mass and aggravated by a reduced capacity of fatty acid oxidation in high fat‐fed mice. Irrespective of age, high fat diet increased ROS production in hepatic mitochondria associated with a balanced nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2 like 2 (NFE2L2) dependent antioxidative response, most likely triggered by reduced tethering of NFE2L2 to mitochondrial phosphoglycerate mutase 5. Age indirectly influenced mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial mass, thus exacerbating diet‐induced fat accumulation. Therefore, consideration of age in metabolic studies must be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lohr
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Amin Moghaddas Gholami
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Kerstin E Geillinger
- Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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SIRT1 protects the heart from ER stress-induced cell death through eIF2α deacetylation. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:343-356. [PMID: 27911441 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as an important mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Cardiac therapy based on ER stress modulation is viewed as a promising avenue toward effective therapies for the diseased heart. Here, we tested whether sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, participates in modulating ER stress response in the heart. Using cardiomyocytes and adult-inducible SIRT1 knockout mice, we demonstrate that SIRT1 inhibition or deficiency increases ER stress-induced cardiac injury, whereas activation of SIRT1 by the SIRT1-activating compound STAC-3 is protective. Analysis of the expression of markers of the three main branches of the unfolded protein response (i.e., PERK/eIF2α, ATF6 and IRE1) showed that SIRT1 protects cardiomyocytes from ER stress-induced apoptosis by attenuating PERK/eIF2α pathway activation. We also present evidence that SIRT1 physically interacts with and deacetylates eIF2α. Mass spectrometry analysis identified lysines K141 and K143 as the acetylation sites on eIF2α targeted by SIRT1. Furthermore, mutation of K143 to arginine to mimic eIF2α deacetylation confers protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that eIF2α deacetylation on lysine K143 by SIRT1 is a novel regulatory mechanism for protecting cardiac cells from ER stress and suggest that activation of SIRT1 has potential as a therapeutic approach to protect the heart against ER stress-induced injury.
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Fang X, Chen J, Dai L, Ma H, Zhang H, Yang J, Wang F, Yan C. Proteomic dissection of plant responses to various pathogens. Proteomics 2015; 15:1525-43. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Fang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Institute of Biology; Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Huasheng Ma
- Institute of Biology; Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hengmu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology; Institute of Biotechnology; Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
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Angelov A, Bergen P, Nadler F, Hornburg P, Lichev A, Übelacker M, Pachl F, Kuster B, Liebl W. Novel Flp pilus biogenesis-dependent natural transformation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:84. [PMID: 25713572 PMCID: PMC4322843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural transformation has been described in bacterial species spread through nearly all major taxonomic groups. However, the current understanding of the structural components and the regulation of competence development is derived from only a few model organisms. Although natural transformation was discovered in members of the Actinobacteria (high GC Gram-positive bacteria) more than four decades ago, the structural components or the regulation of the competence system have not been studied in any representative of the entire phylum. In this report we identify a new role for a distinct type of pilus biogenesis genes (tad genes, for tight adherence), which so far have been connected only with biofilm formation, adherence and virulence traits. The tad-like genes found in the genome of Micrococcus luteus were shown to be required for genetic transformation in this actinobacterial species. We generated and analyzed individual knockout mutants for every open reading frame of the two predicted tad gene clusters as well as for a potential prepilin processing peptidase and identified the major component of the putative pili. By expressing a tagged variant of the major prepilin subunit and immunofluorescence microscopy we visualized filamentous structures extending from the cell surface. Our data indicate that the two tad gene islands complementarily contribute to the formation of a functional competence pilus in this organism. It seems likely that the involvement of tad genes in natural transformation is not unique only for M. luteus but may also prove to be the case in other representatives of the Actinobacteria, which contains important medically and biotechnologically relevant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Angelov
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Paul Bergen
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Florian Nadler
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Philipp Hornburg
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Antoni Lichev
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Maria Übelacker
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Lehrstuhl für Proteomik und Bioanalytik, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Lehrstuhl für Proteomik und Bioanalytik, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Lin L, Lin H, Zhang M, Dong X, Yin X, Qu C, Ni J. Types, principle, and characteristics of tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry and its applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the principle and functional characteristics of different types or models for THRMS and provide a brief description of its applications in medical research, food safety, and environmental protection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Changhai Qu
- Modern Research Center for TCM
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
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Guo X, Trudgian DC, Lemoff A, Yadavalli S, Mirzaei H. Confetti: a multiprotease map of the HeLa proteome for comprehensive proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1573-84. [PMID: 24696503 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.035170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up proteomics largely relies on tryptic peptides for protein identification and quantification. Tryptic digestion often provides limited coverage of protein sequence because of issues such as peptide length, ionization efficiency, and post-translational modification colocalization. Unfortunately, a region of interest in a protein, for example, because of proximity to an active site or the presence of important post-translational modifications, may not be covered by tryptic peptides. Detection limits, quantification accuracy, and isoform differentiation can also be improved with greater sequence coverage. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) would also greatly benefit from being able to identify additional targetable sequences. In an attempt to improve protein sequence coverage and to target regions of proteins that do not generate useful tryptic peptides, we deployed a multiprotease strategy on the HeLa proteome. First, we used seven commercially available enzymes in single, double, and triple enzyme combinations. A total of 48 digests were performed. 5223 proteins were detected by analyzing the unfractionated cell lysate digest directly; with 42% mean sequence coverage. Additional strong-anion exchange fractionation of the most complementary digests permitted identification of over 3000 more proteins, with improved mean sequence coverage. We then constructed a web application (https://proteomics.swmed.edu/confetti) that allows the community to examine a target protein or protein isoform in order to discover the enzyme or combination of enzymes that would yield peptides spanning a certain region of interest in the sequence. Finally, we examined the use of nontryptic digests for SRM. From our strong-anion exchange fractionation data, we were able to identify three or more proteotypic SRM candidates within a single digest for 6056 genes. Surprisingly, in 25% of these cases the digest producing the most observable proteotypic peptides was neither trypsin nor Lys-C. SRM analysis of Asp-N versus tryptic peptides for eight proteins determined that Asp-N yielded higher signal in five of eight cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Guo
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - David C Trudgian
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | | | - Hamid Mirzaei
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Bailey DJ, McDevitt MT, Westphall MS, Pagliarini DJ, Coon JJ. Intelligent data acquisition blends targeted and discovery methods. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2152-61. [PMID: 24611583 PMCID: PMC3983381 DOI: 10.1021/pr401278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A mass spectrometry (MS) method is
described here that can reproducibly
identify hundreds of peptides across multiple experiments. The method
uses intelligent data acquisition to precisely target peptides while
simultaneously identifying thousands of other, nontargeted peptides
in a single nano-LC–MS/MS experiment. We introduce an online
peptide elution order alignment algorithm that targets peptides based
on their relative elution order, eliminating the need for retention-time-based
scheduling. We have applied this method to target 500 mouse peptides
across six technical replicate nano-LC–MS/MS experiments and
were able to identify 440 of these in all six, compared with only
256 peptides using data-dependent acquisition (DDA). A total of 3757
other peptides were also identified within the same experiment, illustrating
that this hybrid method does not eliminate the novel discovery advantages
of DDA. The method was also tested on a set of mice in biological
quadruplicate and increased the number of identified target peptides
in all four mice by over 80% (826 vs 459) compared with the standard
DDA method. We envision real-time data analysis as a powerful tool
to improve the quality and reproducibility of proteomic data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison , 1101 Unviersity Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Werner T, Sweetman G, Savitski MF, Mathieson T, Bantscheff M, Savitski MM. Ion coalescence of neutron encoded TMT 10-plex reporter ions. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3594-601. [PMID: 24579773 DOI: 10.1021/ac500140s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isobaric mass tag-based quantitative proteomics strategies such as iTRAQ and TMT utilize reporter ions in the low mass range of tandem MS spectra for relative quantification. The recent extension of TMT multiplexing to 10 conditions has been enabled by utilizing neutron encoded tags with reporter ion m/z differences of 6 mDa. The baseline resolution of these closely spaced tags is possible due to the high resolving power of current day mass spectrometers. In this work we evaluated the performance of the TMT10 isobaric mass tags on the Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometers for the first time and demonstrated comparable quantification accuracy and precision to what can be achieved on the Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometers. However, we discovered, upon analysis of complex proteomics samples on the Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometers, that the proximate TMT10 reporter ion pairs become prone to coalescence. The fusion of the different reporter ion signals into a single measurable entity has a detrimental effect on peptide and protein quantification. We established that the main reason for coalescence is the commonly accepted maximum ion target for MS2 spectra of 1e6 on the Q Exactive instruments. The coalescence artifact was completely removed by lowering the maximum ion target for MS2 spectra from 1e6 to 2e5 without any losses in identification depth or quantification quality of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Werner
- Cellzome GmbH , Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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