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Yan B, Guo J, Deng S, Chen D, Huang M. A pan-cancer analysis of the role of USP5 in human cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8972. [PMID: 37268697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTM) such as acetylation, deubiquitination, and phosphorylation of proteins, play important roles in various kinds of cancer progression. Ubiquitin-specific proteinase 5 (USP5), a unique member of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) which recognizes unanchored polyubiquitin specifically, could regulate the stability of many tumorigenesis-associated proteins to influence cancer initiation and progression. However, the diverse biological significance of USP5 in pan-cancer has not been systematically and comprehensively studied. Here, we explored the role of USP5 in pan-cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and we also acquired and analyzed data via various software and web platforms such as R, GEPIA2.0, HPA, TISIDB, cBioPortal, UALCAN, TIMER 2.0, CancerSEA and BioGRID. USP5 expression was high in most cancers and differed significantly in different molecular and immune subtypes of cancers. In addition, USP5 had certain diagnostic value in multiple cancers, and high expression of USP5 generally predicted poor prognosis for cancer patients. We also found that the most frequent genetic alterations type of USP5 was mutation, and the DNA methylation level of USP5 decreased in various cancers. Furthermore, USP5 expression correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (EC) and genetic markers of immunodulators in cancers. Moreover, the result from single cell sequencing showed that USP5 could regulate several tumor biological behaviors such as apoptosis, DNA damage and metastasis. Gene enrichment analysis indicated "spliceosome" and "RNA splicing" may be the critical mechanism for USP5 to involve in cancer. Taken together, our study elucidates the biological significance of USP5 in the diagnosis, prognosis and immune in human pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
| | - Meiyuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
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2
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Gestaut D, Zhao Y, Park J, Ma B, Leitner A, Collier M, Pintilie G, Roh SH, Chiu W, Frydman J. Structural visualization of the tubulin folding pathway directed by human chaperonin TRiC/CCT. Cell 2022; 185:4770-4787.e20. [PMID: 36493755 PMCID: PMC9735246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent ring-shaped chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for cellular proteostasis. To uncover why some eukaryotic proteins can only fold with TRiC assistance, we reconstituted the folding of β-tubulin using human prefoldin and TRiC. We find unstructured β-tubulin is delivered by prefoldin to the open TRiC chamber followed by ATP-dependent chamber closure. Cryo-EM resolves four near-atomic-resolution structures containing progressively folded β-tubulin intermediates within the closed TRiC chamber, culminating in native tubulin. This substrate folding pathway appears closely guided by site-specific interactions with conserved regions in the TRiC chamber. Initial electrostatic interactions between the TRiC interior wall and both the folded tubulin N domain and its C-terminal E-hook tail establish the native substrate topology, thus enabling C-domain folding. Intrinsically disordered CCT C termini within the chamber promote subsequent folding of tubulin's core and middle domains and GTP-binding. Thus, TRiC's chamber provides chemical and topological directives that shape the folding landscape of its obligate substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gestaut
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junsun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boxue Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miranda Collier
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grigore Pintilie
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soung-Hun Roh
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,Co-Corresponding authors: (lead contact), ,
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Co-Corresponding authors: (lead contact), ,
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Co-Corresponding authors: (lead contact), ,
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3
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Xu X, Huang A, Cui X, Han K, Hou X, Wang Q, Cui L, Yang Y. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 regulates colorectal cancer cell growth by stabilizing Tu translation elongation factor. Theranostics 2019; 9:4208-4220. [PMID: 31281542 PMCID: PMC6592179 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (USP5) is a ubiquitous expressed deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB). It has been shown involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumor cell growth. However, the function and molecular mechanism of USP5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. In the present study, we asked how it affected the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Methods: A shRNA-based high-content screening was performed to identify DUBs affecting the growth of CRC cells. CCK-8 assay and xenografts were used to assess CRC cell growth, survival and tumorigenesis. RT-qPCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were carried out to quantitate USP5 expression in CRC tissues and cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify USP5-interacting proteins. Cycloheximide chase was performed to assess Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) stability. Dual luciferase reporter assay was utilized for USP5 promoter analysis. Results: We found that USP5 was highly expressed in a group of primary CRC tissues, and the increased USP5 was correlated with clinical stages and shorter overall survival. While USP5 knockdown effectively inhibited CRC cell growth, overexpressed USP5 promoted the growth of CRC cells and made them more resistant to doxorubicin (DOX). TUFM was discovered as a substrate of USP5. USP5 deubiquitinated TUFM and increased its level in CRC cells. Enforced expression of TUFM was able to alleviate the growth inhibition induced by USP5 knockdown. Further analyses showed that EBF transcription factor 1 (EBF1) was a major regulator for USP5 transcription, and DOX inhibited EBF1-USP5-TUFM axis in CRC cells. Conclusions: USP5 was required for CRC cells and promoted their growth and resistance to chemotherapeutics. TUFM was a USP5 deubiquitinating substrate that mediated the cellular effects of USP5. The transcription of USP5 was regulated by EBF1. Thus, targeting EBF1-USP5-TUFM axis is a potential novel strategy for CRC treatment.
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4
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Hansen K, Lau AM, Giles K, McDonnell JM, Struwe WB, Sutton BJ, Politis A. A Mass-Spectrometry-Based Modelling Workflow for Accurate Prediction of IgG Antibody Conformations in the Gas Phase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17194-17199. [PMID: 30408305 PMCID: PMC6392142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are biomolecules involved in defence against foreign substances. Flexibility is key to their functional properties in relation to antigen binding and receptor interactions. We have developed an integrative strategy combining ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) with molecular modelling to study the conformational dynamics of human IgG antibodies. Predictive models of all four human IgG subclasses were assembled and their dynamics sampled in the transition from extended to collapsed state during IM-MS. Our data imply that this collapse of IgG antibodies is related to their intrinsic structural features, including Fab arm flexibility, collapse towards the Fc region, and the length of their hinge regions. The workflow presented here provides an accurate structural representation in good agreement with the observed collision cross section for these flexible IgG molecules. These results have implications for studying other nonglobular flexible proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Hansen
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Andy M. Lau
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | | | | | | | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonUK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
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5
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Hansen K, Lau AM, Giles K, McDonnell JM, Struwe WB, Sutton BJ, Politis A. A Mass‐Spectrometry‐Based Modelling Workflow for Accurate Prediction of IgG Antibody Conformations in the Gas Phase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Hansen
- Department of Chemistry King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Andy M. Lau
- Department of Chemistry King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Kevin Giles
- Waters Corp. Stamford Road Wilmslow SK9 4AX UK
| | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London UK
| | | | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London UK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of Chemistry King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
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6
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Garabedian A, Bolufer A, Leng F, Fernandez-Lima F. Peptide Sequence Influence on the Conformational Dynamics and DNA binding of the Intrinsically Disordered AT-Hook 3 Peptide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10783. [PMID: 30018295 PMCID: PMC6050235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered ATHP3 was studied at native conditions and in complex with DNA using single amino acid substitutions and high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (trapped IMS-MS). Results showed that ATHP3 can exist in multiple conformations at native conditions (at least 10 conformers were separated), with a variety of proline cis/trans orientations, side chain orientations and protonation sites. When in complex with AT rich DNA hairpins, the -RGRP- core is essential for stabilizing the ATHP3: DNA complex. In particular, the arginine in the sixth position plays an important role during binding to AT-rich regions of hairpin DNA, in good agreement with previous NMR and X-ray data. Mobility based correlation matrices are proposed as a way to reveal differences in structural motifs across the peptide mutants based on the conformational space and relative conformer abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Garabedian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Alexander Bolufer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States. .,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States.
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7
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Nabuchi Y, Hirose K, Takayama M. pH Dependence of the Number of Discrete Conformers of Carbonic Anhydrase 2, as Evaluated from Collision Cross-Section Using Ion Mobility Coupled with Electrospray Ionization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29515944 PMCID: PMC5832482 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility experiments coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) were conducted to evaluate the folding states of bovine carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) under three different pH conditions. Collision cross-section (CCS) of the CA2 ions generated by ESI revealed the presence of six discrete conformers in the gas phase under the conditions employed in this study. The CCS of the most extended conformer was three times larger than that of the most compact one. The charge state distribution of the CA2 ions was indicative of three conformers being present. Although there was consistency in conformer assignment conducted by CCS and charge state distribution, the CCS measurement was shown to be more effective because the information obtained provided more detailed knowledge of the conformation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nabuchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirose
- Biopharmaceutical Market Development, Waters Corporation Asia Pacific Headquarter, 5-14-10 Nishinakanoshima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Takayama
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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8
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Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13288. [PMID: 27848959 PMCID: PMC5116083 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life processes. The ability to detect protein complexes, and map their sites of binding, is crucial to understanding basic biology at the molecular level. Methods that employ sensitive analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry have the potential to provide valuable insights with very little material and on short time scales. Here we present a differential protein footprinting technique employing an efficient photo-activated probe for use with mass spectrometry. Using this methodology the location of a carbohydrate substrate was accurately mapped to the binding cleft of lysozyme, and in a more complex example, the interactions between a 100 kDa, multi-domain deubiquitinating enzyme, USP5 and a diubiquitin substrate were located to different functional domains. The much improved properties of this probe make carbene footprinting a viable method for rapid and accurate identification of protein binding sites utilizing benign, near-UV photoactivation. Mapping protein-ligand interactions is fundamental to advance the understanding of cellular processes and to develop drug discovery strategies. Here, the authors present a photo-activated probe that allows highly efficient labelling and identification of protein binding sites using mass spectrometry.
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9
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Benigni P, Marin R, Molano-Arevalo JC, Garabedian A, Wolff JJ, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Fernandez-Lima F. Towards the Analysis of High Molecular Weight Proteins and Protein complexes using TIMS-MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY 2016; 19:95-104. [PMID: 27818614 PMCID: PMC5091298 DOI: 10.1007/s12127-016-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate the potential and versatility of TIMS for the analysis of proteins, DNA-protein complexes and protein-protein complexes in their native and denatured states. In addition, we show that accurate CCS measurement are possible and in good agreement with previously reported CCS values using other IMS analyzers (<5% difference). The main challenges for the analysis of high mass proteins and protein complexes in the mobility and m/z domain are described. That is, the analysis of high molecular weight systems in their native state may require the use of higher electric fields or a compromise in the TIMS mobility resolution by reducing the bath gas velocity in order to effectively trap at lower electric fields. This is the first report of CCS measurements of high molecular weight biomolecules and biomolecular complexes (~ 150 kDa) using TIMS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benigni
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Rebecca Marin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Garabedian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | | | - Melvin A. Park
- Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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10
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Scott D, Layfield R, Oldham NJ. Structural insights into interactions between ubiquitin specific protease 5 and its polyubiquitin substrates by mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1257-63. [PMID: 25970461 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and ion mobility-mass spectrometry have been used to study the interactions of the large, multidomain, and conformationally flexible deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific protease 5 (USP5) with mono- and poly-ubiquitin (Ub) substrates. Employing a C335A active site mutant, mass spectrometry was able to detect the stable and cooperative binding of two mono-Ub molecules at the Zinc-finger ubiquitin binding protein (ZnF-UBP) and catalytic site domains of USP5. Tetra-ubiquitin, in contrast, bound to USP5 with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1, and formed additional interactions with USP5's two ubiquitin associated domains (UBAs). Charge-state distribution and ion mobility analysis revealed that both mono- and tetra-ubiquitin bound to the compact conformation of USP5 only, and that tetra-ubiquitin binding was able to shift the conformational distribution of USP5 from a mixture of extended and compact forms to a completely compact conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scott
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Oldham
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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11
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Decoding mechanisms by which silent codon changes influence protein biogenesis and function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:58-74. [PMID: 25817479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Synonymous codon usage has been a focus of investigation since the discovery of the genetic code and its redundancy. The occurrences of synonymous codons vary between species and within genes of the same genome, known as codon usage bias. Today, bioinformatics and experimental data allow us to compose a global view of the mechanisms by which the redundancy of the genetic code contributes to the complexity of biological systems from affecting survival in prokaryotes, to fine tuning the structure and function of proteins in higher eukaryotes. Studies analyzing the consequences of synonymous codon changes in different organisms have revealed that they impact nucleic acid stability, protein levels, structure and function without altering amino acid sequence. As such, synonymous mutations inevitably contribute to the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. Yet, fundamental questions remain unresolved regarding the impact of silent mutations in human disorders. In the present review we describe developments in this area concentrating on mechanisms by which synonymous mutations may affect protein function and human health. PURPOSE This synopsis illustrates the significance of synonymous mutations in disease pathogenesis. We review the different steps of gene expression affected by silent mutations, and assess the benefits and possible harmful effects of codon optimization applied in the development of therapeutic biologics. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL RELEVANCE Understanding mechanisms by which synonymous mutations contribute to complex diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and genetic disorders, including the limitations of codon-optimized biologics, provides insight concerning interpretation of silent variants and future molecular therapies.
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