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Samodova D, Hoel A, Hansen TH, Clausen L, Telléus GK, Marti HP, Pedersen O, Støving RK, Deshmukh AS. Plasma proteome profiling reveals metabolic and immunologic differences between Anorexia Nervosa subtypes. Metabolism 2024; 152:155760. [PMID: 38104923 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder of an unknown etiology with a crude mortality rate of about 5 % per decade, making it one of the deadliest of all psychiatric illnesses. AN is broadly classified into two main subtypes, restricting and binge/purging disorder. Despite extensive research efforts during several decades, the underlying pathophysiology of AN remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify novel protein biomarkers for AN by performing a proteomics analysis of fasting plasma samples from 78 females with AN (57 restrictive and 21 binge/purge type) and 70 healthy controls. METHODS Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology in conjunction with an advanced bioinformatics pipeline, we quantify >500 plasma proteins. RESULTS Differential expression analysis and correlation of proteomics data with clinical variables led to identification of a panel of novel protein biomarkers with potential pathophysiological significance for AN. Our findings demonstrate evidence of a humoral immune system response, altered lipid metabolism and potential alteration of plasma cells in AN patients. Additionally, we stratified AN patients based on the quantified proteins and suggest a potential autoimmune nature in the restrictive subtype of AN. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In summary, on top of biomarkers of AN subtypes, this study provides a comprehensive map of plasma proteins that constitute a resource for further studies of the pathophysiology of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samodova
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - August Hoel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tue Haldor Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gry Kjaersdam Telléus
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene Klinkby Støving
- Center for Eating Disorders and Research Unit for Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Endocrinology and Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Atul Shahaji Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Salaün C, Courvalet M, Rousseau L, Cailleux K, Breton J, Bôle-Feysot C, Guérin C, Huré M, Goichon A, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Ribet D, Achamrah N, Coëffier M. Sex-dependent circadian alterations of both central and peripheral clock genes expression and gut-microbiota composition during activity-based anorexia in mice. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38217033 PMCID: PMC10785476 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) often present sleep disorders and circadian hormonal dysregulation. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the regulation of feeding behavior has emerged during the last decades but its relationships with the circadian rhythm remains poorly documented. Thus, we aimed to characterize the circadian clock genes expression in peripheral and central tissues in the activity-based anorexia mouse model (ABA), as well as the dynamics of the gut-microbiota composition. METHODS From day 1 to day 17, male and female C57Bl/6 mice were submitted or not to the ABA protocol (ABA and control (CT) groups), which combines a progressive limited access to food and a free access to a running wheel. At day 17, fasted CT and ABA mice were euthanized after either resting (EoR) or activity (EoA) phase (n = 10-12 per group). Circadian clock genes expression was assessed by RT-qPCR on peripheral (liver, colon and ileum) and central (hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN) tissues. Cecal bacterial taxa abundances were evaluated by qPCR. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA followed by post-tests. RESULTS ABA mice exhibited a lower food intake, a body weight loss and an increase of diurnal physical activity that differ according with the sex. Interestingly, in the SCN, only ABA female mice exhibited altered circadian clock genes expression (Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2). In the intestinal tract, modification of clock genes expression was also more marked in females compared to males. For instance, in the ileum, female mice showed alteration of Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2 and Rev-erbα mRNA levels, while only Per2 and Cry1 mRNAs were affected by ABA model in males. By contrast, in the liver, clock genes expression was more markedly affected in males compared to females in response to ABA. Finally, circadian variations of gut-bacteria abundances were observed in both male and female mice and sex-dependent alteration were observed in response to the ABA model. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that alteration of circadian clock genes expression at both peripheral and central levels occurs in response to the ABA model. In addition, our data underline that circadian variations of the gut-microbiota composition are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Salaün
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marine Courvalet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Léna Rousseau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Cailleux
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Huré
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Goichon
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, CNRS, Normandie Univ, HERACLES US 51 UAR 2026, Behavioural Analysis Platform SCAC, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France.
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Eddy KT, Rutkove SB, Breithaupt L. Anorexia nervosa and muscle health: A systematic review of our current understanding and future recommendations for study. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:483-500. [PMID: 36529682 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct a systematic review on muscle size and strength in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHOD In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we searched Pubmed for articles published between 1995 and 2022 using a combination of search terms related to AN and muscle size, strength, or metabolism. After two authors screened articles and extracted data, 30 articles met inclusion criteria. Data were coded, and a risk bias was conducted for each study. RESULTS The majority of studies focused on muscle size/lean mass (60%, n = 18) and energy expenditure (33%, n = 9), with few studies (17%, n = 5) investigating muscle function or possible mechanisms underlying muscle size (20%, n = 6). Studies supported that individuals with AN have smaller muscle size and reduced energy expenditure relative to controls. In some studies (33%, n = 10) recovery from AN was not sufficient to restore muscle mass or function. Mechanisms underlying short and long-term musculoskeletal alterations have not been thoroughly explored. DISCUSSION Muscle mass and strength loss may be an unexplored component of physiological deterioration during and after AN. More research is necessary to understand intramuscular alterations during AN and interventions to facilitate muscle mass and functional gain following weight restoration in AN. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Muscle health is important for optimal health and is reduced in individuals with AN. However, we do not understand how muscle is altered at the cellular level throughout the course of AN. Here we review what is currently known regarding muscle health during AN and with weight restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seward B Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Breithaupt
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder) are a heterogeneous class of complex illnesses marked by weight and appetite dysregulation coupled with distinctive behavioral and psychological features. Our understanding of their genetics and neurobiology is evolving thanks to global cooperation on genome-wide association studies, neuroimaging, and animal models. Until now, however, these approaches have advanced the field in parallel, with inadequate cross-talk. This review covers overlapping advances in these key domains and encourages greater integration of hypotheses and findings to create a more unified science of eating disorders. We highlight ongoing and future work designed to identify implicated biological pathways that will inform staging models based on biology as well as targeted prevention and tailored intervention, and will galvanize interest in the development of pharmacologic agents that target the core biology of the illnesses, for which we currently have few effective pharmacotherapeutics.
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Scharner S, Stengel A. Animal Models for Anorexia Nervosa-A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:596381. [PMID: 33551774 PMCID: PMC7854692 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.596381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image which usually leads to low caloric intake and hyperactivity. The underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa is still poorly understood. In order to learn more about the underlying pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and to find further possible treatment options, several animal models mimicking anorexia nervosa have been developed. The aim of this review is to systematically search different databases and provide an overview of existing animal models and to discuss the current knowledge gained from animal models of anorexia nervosa. For the systematic data search, the Pubmed—Medline database, Embase database, and Web of Science database were searched. After removal of duplicates and the systematic process of selection, 108 original research papers were included in this systematic review. One hundred and six studies were performed with rodents and 2 on monkeys. Eighteen different animal models for anorexia nervosa were used in these studies. Parameters assessed in many studies were body weight, food intake, physical activity, cessation of the estrous cycle in female animals, behavioral changes, metabolic and hormonal alterations. The most commonly used animal model (75 of the studies) is the activity-based anorexia model in which typically young rodents are exposed to time-reduced access to food (a certain number of hours a day) with unrestricted access to a running wheel. Of the genetic animal models, one that is of particular interest is the anx/anx mice model. Animal models have so far contributed many findings to the understanding of mechanisms of hunger and satiety, physical activity and cognition in an underweight state and other mechanisms relevant for anorexia nervosa in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Scharner
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Influence of Glutamine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation during Refeeding in Activity-Based Anorectic Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113510. [PMID: 33202638 PMCID: PMC7696484 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimizing the refeeding of patients with anorexia nervosa remains important to limit somatic complications of malnutrition, as well as to avoid disease relapses by targeting persistent mood and intestinal disorders. We aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation during refeeding in activity-based anorectic (ABA) mice. Method: Male C57Bl/6 mice were randomized in control and ABA groups. Once ABA-induced malnutrition was established, mice were progressively refed or not. Refed mice had free access to drinking water supplemented or not with 1% Gln or 2.5% BCAA for 10 days. Results: A progressive refeeding was associated with a partial restoration of body weight and lean mass, while a fat mass rebound was observed. In addition, refeeding restored glucose and leptin. Gln did not affect these parameters, while BCAA tended to increase body weight, fat mass, and glycaemia. In the colon, refeeding improved total protein synthesis and restored the LC3II/LC3I ratio, a marker of autophagy. Gln supplementation enhanced colonic protein synthesis, which was associated with an increased p-p70S6kinase/p70S6kinase ratio, whereas these effects were blunted by BCCA supplementation. Conclusions: In ABA mice, Gln and BCAA supplementations during a progressive refeeding fail to restore body weight and lean mass. However, Gln supplementation improves total colonic protein synthesis conversely to BCAA. Further studies are needed to decipher the underlying mechanisms involved in these opposite results.
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Gut microbiota alteration in a mouse model of Anorexia Nervosa. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:181-189. [PMID: 32460959 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Anorexia Nervosa is a severe disease depending on both biological, psychological and environmental factors. The gut microbiota has recently been proposed as one of the biological factors potentially involved in the onset or maintenance of Anorexia Nervosa. To unravel the potential role of the gut microbiota in this disease, we characterized the dysbiosis occurring in a mouse model of Anorexia and correlated bacteria level changes with different physiological parameters such as body weight, food intake or levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides. METHODS We used the Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) mouse model, which combines food restriction and physical activity, and which mimics core features of Anorexia Nervosa. We characterized the gut microbiota alteration in ABA mice by combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses of targeted genera or species. RESULTS We identified 68 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with decreased levels and 8 ASVs with increased levels in the cecal content of ABA mice compared to control mice. We observed in particular in ABA mice increases in the abundance of Clostridium cocleatum and several Lactobacillus species and a decrease in the abundance of Burkholderiales compared to control mice. Interestingly, we show that most of the observed gut microbiota alterations are due to food restriction and are not affected by physical activity. In addition, we identified several bacterial groups that correlate with mice body weight, food intake, lean and fat masses as well as with hypothalamic mRNA levels of NPY (Neuropeptide Y) and POMC (Pro-opiomelanocortin). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the gut microbiota dysbiosis occurring in the Activity-Based Anorexia mouse model. These data constitute a valuable resource to further decipher the role of the gut microbiota in the different facets of anorexia pathophysiology, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, appetite regulation and mood disorders.
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Dominique M, Legrand R, Galmiche M, Azhar S, Deroissart C, Guérin C, do Rego JL, Leon F, Nobis S, Lambert G, Lucas N, Déchelotte P. Changes in Microbiota and Bacterial Protein Caseinolytic Peptidase B During Food Restriction in Mice: Relevance for the Onset and Perpetuation of Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2514. [PMID: 31635300 PMCID: PMC6835841 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota contributes to the regulation of eating behavior and might be implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. ClpB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein produced mainly by the Enterobacteriaceae family has been identified as a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, which could result in similar anorexigenic effects. The aim of this study was to highlight the role of the microbiome and the ClpB protein in deregulation and self-maintenance of anorexia pathology. Male C57Bl/6 mice were undergone to the ABA (Activity-Based Anorexia) protocol: after 5 days of acclimatization, both ABA and LFA (Limited Food Access) mice had progressively limited access to food until D17. At the end of protocol, the plasma ClpB concentration and Enterobacteriaceae DNA in colonic content were measured. As expected, dietary restriction induced lost weight in LFA and ABA mice. At D10, colonic permeability and plasma concentration of the ClpB protein were significantly increased in LFA and ABA mice vs. controls. At D17, plasma concentration of ClpB was increased in LFA and ABA mice and, it was correlated with proportion of Enterobacteriaceae in the faeces. These abnormally high ClpB concentrations and all associated factors, and therefore might contribute to the initiation and/or perpetuation of anorexia nervosa by interfering with satiety signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dominique
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Romain Legrand
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Marie Galmiche
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Saïda Azhar
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | | | - Charlène Guérin
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Fatima Leon
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Séverine Nobis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Grégory Lambert
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- TargEDys SA, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Unirouen, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76183 Rouen, France.
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9
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L'Huillier C, Jarbeau M, Achamrah N, Belmonte L, Amamou A, Nobis S, Goichon A, Salameh E, Bahlouli W, do Rego JL, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Glutamine, but not Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Restores Intestinal Barrier Function during Activity-Based Anorexia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061348. [PMID: 31208031 PMCID: PMC6628073 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During activity-based anorexia (ABA) in mice, enhanced paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis have been shown in the colon while the gut–brain axis has received increasing attention in the regulation of intestinal and mood disorders that frequently occur during anorexia nervosa, a severe eating disorder for which there is no specific treatment. In the present study, we assessed the effects of oral glutamine (Gln) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation during ABA to target intestinal functions, body composition and feeding behavior. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were randomized in Control (CTRL) and ABA groups. After ABA induction, mice received, or not, either 1% Gln or 2.5% BCAA (Leu, Ile, Val) for one week in drinking water. Results: Neither Gln nor BCAA supplementation affected body weight and body composition, while only Gln supplementation slightly increased food intake. ABA mice exhibited increased paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis in the colonic mucosa. Oral Gln restored colonic paracellular permeability and protein synthesis and increased the mucin-2 mRNA level, whereas BCAA did not affect colonic parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, oral Gln specifically improves colonic response during ABA. These data should be further confirmed in AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément L'Huillier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Marine Jarbeau
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Najate Achamrah
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Liliana Belmonte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Asma Amamou
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Séverine Nobis
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Alexis Goichon
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Emmeline Salameh
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Animal Behavior Facility, SCAC, UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
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10
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Schalla MA, Stengel A. Activity Based Anorexia as an Animal Model for Anorexia Nervosa-A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2019; 6:69. [PMID: 31165073 PMCID: PMC6536653 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting around 1 per 100 persons. However, the knowledge about its underlying pathophysiology is limited. To address the need for a better understanding of AN, an animal model was established early on in the late 1960's: the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model in which rats have access to a running wheel combined with restricted food access leading to self-starving/body weight loss and hyperactivity. Both symptoms, separately or combined, can also be found in patients with AN. The aim of this systematic review was to compile the current knowledge about this animal model as well as to address gaps in knowledge. Using the data bases of PubMed, Embase and Web of science 102 publications were identified meeting the search criteria. Here, we show that the ABA model mimics core features of human AN and has been characterized with regards to brain alterations, hormonal changes as well as adaptations of the immune system. Moreover, pharmacological interventions in ABA animals and new developments, such as a chronic adaptation of the ABA model, will be highlighted. The chronic model might be well suited to display AN characteristics but should be further characterized. Lastly, limitations of the model will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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