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Mohsen JJ, Mohsen MG, Jiang K, Landajuela A, Quinto L, Isaacs FJ, Karatekin E, Slavoff SA. Cellular function of the GndA small open reading frame-encoded polypeptide during heat shock. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.29.601336. [PMID: 38979229 PMCID: PMC11230408 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.29.601336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, hundreds of previously undiscovered bacterial small open reading frame (sORF)-encoded polypeptides (SEPs) of fewer than fifty amino acids have been identified, and biological functions have been ascribed to an increasing number of SEPs from intergenic regions and small RNAs. However, despite numbering in the dozens in Escherichia coli, and hundreds to thousands in humans, same-strand nested sORFs that overlap protein coding genes in alternative reading frames remain understudied. In order to provide insight into this enigmatic class of unannotated genes, we characterized GndA, a 36-amino acid, heat shock-regulated SEP encoded within the +2 reading frame of the gnd gene in E. coli K-12 MG1655. We show that GndA pulls down components of respiratory complex I (RCI) and is required for proper localization of a RCI subunit during heat shock. At high temperature GndA deletion (ΔGndA) cells exhibit perturbations in cell growth, NADH+/NAD ratio, and expression of a number of genes including several associated with oxidative stress. These findings suggest that GndA may function in maintenance of homeostasis during heat shock. Characterization of GndA therefore supports the nascent but growing consensus that functional, overlapping genes occur in genomes from viruses to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Michael G. Mohsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Ane Landajuela
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Laura Quinto
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Farren J. Isaacs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Université de Paris, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences (SPPIN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Sarah A. Slavoff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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2
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Üresin D, Schulte J, Morgner N, Soppa J. C(P)XCG Proteins of Haloferax volcanii with Predicted Zinc Finger Domains: The Majority Bind Zinc, but Several Do Not. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7166. [PMID: 39000272 PMCID: PMC11241148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in very small proteins (µ-proteins) has increased significantly, and they were found to fulfill important functions in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. The halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii encodes about 400 µ-proteins of less than 70 amino acids, 49 of which contain at least two C(P)XCG motifs and are, thus, predicted zinc finger proteins. The determination of the NMR solution structure of HVO_2753 revealed that only one of two predicted zinc fingers actually bound zinc, while a second one was metal-free. Therefore, the aim of the current study was the homologous production of additional C(P)XCG proteins and the quantification of their zinc content. Attempts to produce 31 proteins failed, underscoring the particular difficulties of working with µ-proteins. In total, 14 proteins could be produced and purified, and the zinc content was determined. Only nine proteins complexed zinc, while five proteins were zinc-free. Three of the latter could be analyzed using ESI-MS and were found to contain another metal, most likely cobalt or nickel. Therefore, at least in haloarchaea, the variability of predicted C(P)XCG zinc finger motifs is higher than anticipated, and they can be metal-free, bind zinc, or bind another metal. Notably, AlphaFold2 cannot correctly predict whether or not the four cysteines have the tetrahedral configuration that is a prerequisite for metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Üresin
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Schulte
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Jörg Soppa
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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Zhang C, Tang H, Li T, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Li Y, Gu L, Zhang H. Integrating Physiological Features and Proteomic Analyses Provides New Insights in Blue/Red Light-Treated Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12859-12870. [PMID: 38780458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo is one of the most important nontimber forestry products in the world. Light is not only the most critical source of energy for plant photosynthesis but also involved in regulating the biological processes of plants. However, there are few reports on how blue/red light affects Moso bamboo. This study investigated the growth status and physiological responses of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) to blue/red light treatments. The growth status of the bamboo plants was evaluated, revealing that both blue- and red-light treatments promoted plant height and overall growth. Gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and enzyme activity were measured to assess the photosystem response of Moso bamboo to light treatments. Additionally, the blue light treatment led to a higher chlorophyll content and enzyme activities compared to the red light treatment. A tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics approach identified significant changes in protein abundance under different light conditions with specific response proteins associated with distinct pathways, such as photosynthesis and starch metabolism. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the physiological and proteomic responses of Moso bamboo to blue/red light treatments, highlighting their potential impact on growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haohao Tang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tuhe Li
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuying Gu
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liangzhen Zhao
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaxing Li
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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4
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Nichols C, Do-Thi VA, Peltier DC. Noncanonical microprotein regulation of immunity. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00324-1. [PMID: 38734902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is highly regulated but, when dysregulated, suboptimal protective or overly robust immune responses can lead to immune-mediated disorders. The genetic and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation are incompletely understood, impeding the development of more precise diagnostics and therapeutics for immune-mediated disorders. Recently, thousands of previously unrecognized noncanonical microprotein genes encoded by small open reading frames have been identified. Many of these microproteins perform critical functions, often in a cell- and context-specific manner. Several microproteins are now known to regulate immunity; however, the vast majority are uncharacterized. Therefore, illuminating what is often referred to as the "dark proteome," may present opportunities to tune immune responses more precisely. Here, we review noncanonical microprotein biology, highlight recently discovered examples regulating immunity, and discuss the potential and challenges of modulating dysregulated immune responses by targeting microproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Nichols
- Morris Green Scholars Program, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Van Anh Do-Thi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel C Peltier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Wiezel GA, Oliveira IS, Reis MB, Ferreira IG, Cordeiro KR, Bordon KCF, Arantes EC. The complex repertoire of Tityus spp. venoms: Advances on their composition and pharmacological potential of their toxins. Biochimie 2024; 220:144-166. [PMID: 38176606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal venoms are a rich and complex source of components, including peptides (such as neurotoxins, anionic peptides and hypotensins), lipids, proteins (such as proteases, hyaluronidases and phospholipases) and inorganic compounds, which affect all biological systems of the envenoming victim. Their action may result in a wide range of clinical manifestations, including tachy/bradycardia, hyper/hypotension, disorders in blood coagulation, pain, edema, inflammation, fever, muscle paralysis, coma and even death. Scorpions are one of the most studied venomous animals in the world and interesting bioactive molecules have been isolated and identified from their venoms over the years. Tityus spp. are among the scorpions with high number of accidents reported in the Americas, especially in Brazil. Their venoms have demonstrated interesting results in the search for novel agents with antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, hypotensive, immunomodulation, anti-insect, antitumor and/or antinociceptive activities. Furthermore, other recent activities still under investigation include drug delivery action, design of anti-epileptic drugs, investigation of sodium channel function, treatment of erectile disfunction and priapism, improvement of scorpion antivenom and chelating molecules activity. In this scenario, this paper focuses on reviewing advances on Tityus venom components mainly through the modern omics technologies as well as addressing potential therapeutic agents from their venoms and highlighting this abundant source of pharmacologically active molecules with biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Wiezel
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isadora S Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søtolfts Plads, Building 239 Room 006, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
| | - Mouzarllem B Reis
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isabela G Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kalynka R Cordeiro
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karla C F Bordon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliane C Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Raza A, Salehi H, Bashir S, Tabassum J, Jamla M, Charagh S, Barmukh R, Mir RA, Bhat BA, Javed MA, Guan DX, Mir RR, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics interventions prompt crop improvement against metal(loid) toxicity. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:80. [PMID: 38411713 PMCID: PMC10899315 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The escalating challenges posed by metal(loid) toxicity in agricultural ecosystems, exacerbated by rapid climate change and anthropogenic pressures, demand urgent attention. Soil contamination is a critical issue because it significantly impacts crop productivity. The widespread threat of metal(loid) toxicity can jeopardize global food security due to contaminated food supplies and pose environmental risks, contributing to soil and water pollution and thus impacting the whole ecosystem. In this context, plants have evolved complex mechanisms to combat metal(loid) stress. Amid the array of innovative approaches, omics, notably transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have emerged as transformative tools, shedding light on the genes, proteins, and key metabolites involved in metal(loid) stress responses and tolerance mechanisms. These identified candidates hold promise for developing high-yielding crops with desirable agronomic traits. Computational biology tools like bioinformatics, biological databases, and analytical pipelines support these omics approaches by harnessing diverse information and facilitating the mapping of genotype-to-phenotype relationships under stress conditions. This review explores: (1) the multifaceted strategies that plants use to adapt to metal(loid) toxicity in their environment; (2) the latest findings in metal(loid)-mediated transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies across various plant species; (3) the integration of omics data with artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping; (4) the latest bioinformatics databases, tools and pipelines for single and/or multi-omics data integration; (5) the latest insights into stress adaptations and tolerance mechanisms for future outlooks; and (6) the capacity of omics advances for creating sustainable and resilient crop plants that can thrive in metal(loid)-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hajar Salehi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Shanza Bashir
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST), Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Valdivia-Francia F, Sendoel A. No country for old methods: New tools for studying microproteins. iScience 2024; 27:108972. [PMID: 38333695 PMCID: PMC10850755 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microproteins encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) have emerged as a fascinating frontier in genomics. Traditionally overlooked due to their small size, recent technological advancements such as ribosome profiling, mass spectrometry-based strategies and advanced computational approaches have led to the annotation of more than 7000 sORFs in the human genome. Despite the vast progress, only a tiny portion of these microproteins have been characterized and an important challenge in the field lies in identifying functionally relevant microproteins and understanding their role in different cellular contexts. In this review, we explore the recent advancements in sORF research, focusing on the new methodologies and computational approaches that have facilitated their identification and functional characterization. Leveraging these new tools hold great promise for dissecting the diverse cellular roles of microproteins and will ultimately pave the way for understanding their role in the pathogenesis of diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Valdivia-Francia
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Program, University of Zurich/ ETH Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
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Genth J, Schäfer K, Cassidy L, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Tholey A. Identification of proteoforms of short open reading frame-encoded peptides in Blautia producta under different cultivation conditions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0252823. [PMID: 37782090 PMCID: PMC10715070 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02528-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEP) and different proteoforms in single cultures of gut microbes offers new insights into a largely neglected part of the microbial proteome landscape. This is of particular importance as SEP provide various predicted functions, such as acting as antimicrobial peptides, maintaining cell homeostasis under stress conditions, or even contributing to the virulence pattern. They are, thus, taking a poorly understood role in structure and function of microbial networks in the human body. A better understanding of SEP in the context of human health requires a precise understanding of the abundance of SEP both in commensal microbes as well as pathogens. For the gut beneficial B. producta, we demonstrate the importance of specific environmental conditions for biosynthesis of SEP expanding previous findings about their role in microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Genth
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schäfer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liam Cassidy
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Habenicht T, Weidenbach K, Velazquez-Campoy A, Buey RM, Balsera M, Schmitz RA. Small protein mediates inhibition of ammonium transport in Methanosarcina mazei-an ancient mechanism? Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0281123. [PMID: 37909787 PMCID: PMC10714827 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02811-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Small proteins containing fewer than 70 amino acids, which were previously disregarded due to computational prediction and biochemical detection challenges, have gained increased attention in the scientific community in recent years. However, the number of functionally characterized small proteins, especially in archaea, is still limited. Here, by using biochemical and genetic approaches, we demonstrate a crucial role of the small protein sP36 in the nitrogen metabolism of M. mazei, which modulates the ammonium transporter AmtB1 according to nitrogen availability. This modulation might represent an ancient archaeal mechanism of AmtB1 inhibition, in contrast to the well-studied uridylylation-dependent regulation in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Habenicht
- Institut für allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Weidenbach
- Institut für allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben M. Buey
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monica Balsera
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca, Spanish National Research Council (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institut für allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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10
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Mohsen JJ, Martel AA, Slavoff SA. Microproteins-Discovery, structure, and function. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100211. [PMID: 37603371 PMCID: PMC10841188 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Advances in proteogenomic technologies have revealed hundreds to thousands of translated small open reading frames (sORFs) that encode microproteins in genomes across evolutionary space. While many microproteins have now been shown to play critical roles in biology and human disease, a majority of recently identified microproteins have little or no experimental evidence regarding their functionality. Computational tools have some limitations for analysis of short, poorly conserved microprotein sequences, so additional approaches are needed to determine the role of each member of this recently discovered polypeptide class. A currently underexplored avenue in the study of microproteins is structure prediction and determination, which delivers a depth of functional information. In this review, we provide a brief overview of microprotein discovery methods, then examine examples of microprotein structures (and, conversely, intrinsic disorder) that have been experimentally determined using crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and NMR, which provide insight into their molecular functions and mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss examples of predicted microprotein structures that have provided insight or context regarding their function. Analysis of microprotein structure at the angstrom level, and confirmation of predicted structures, therefore, has potential to identify translated microproteins that are of biological importance and to provide molecular mechanism for their in vivo roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alina A. Martel
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah A. Slavoff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Wacholder A, Carvunis AR. Biological factors and statistical limitations prevent detection of most noncanonical proteins by mass spectrometry. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002409. [PMID: 38048358 PMCID: PMC10721188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome profiling experiments indicate pervasive translation of short open reading frames (ORFs) outside of annotated protein-coding genes. However, shotgun mass spectrometry (MS) experiments typically detect only a small fraction of the predicted protein products of this noncanonical translation. The rarity of detection could indicate that most predicted noncanonical proteins are rapidly degraded and not present in the cell; alternatively, it could reflect technical limitations. Here, we leveraged recent advances in ribosome profiling and MS to investigate the factors limiting detection of noncanonical proteins in yeast. We show that the low detection rate of noncanonical ORF products can largely be explained by small size and low translation levels and does not indicate that they are unstable or biologically insignificant. In particular, proteins encoded by evolutionarily young genes, including those with well-characterized biological roles, are too short and too lowly expressed to be detected by shotgun MS at current detection sensitivities. Additionally, we find that decoy biases can give misleading estimates of noncanonical protein false discovery rates, potentially leading to false detections. After accounting for these issues, we found strong evidence for 4 noncanonical proteins in MS data, which were also supported by evolution and translation data. These results illustrate the power of MS to validate unannotated genes predicted by ribosome profiling, but also its substantial limitations in finding many biologically relevant lowly expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wacholder
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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12
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Chen Y, Cao X, Loh KH, Slavoff SA. Chemical labeling and proteomics for characterization of unannotated small and alternative open reading frame-encoded polypeptides. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1071-1082. [PMID: 37171061 PMCID: PMC10317152 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of unannotated small and alternative open reading frames (smORFs and alt-ORFs, respectively) have recently been revealed in mammalian genomes. While hundreds of mammalian smORF- and alt-ORF-encoded proteins (SEPs and alt-proteins, respectively) affect cell proliferation, the overwhelming majority of smORFs and alt-ORFs remain uncharacterized at the molecular level. Complicating the task of identifying the biological roles of smORFs and alt-ORFs, the SEPs and alt-proteins that they encode exhibit limited sequence homology to protein domains of known function. Experimental techniques for the functionalization of these gene classes are therefore required. Approaches combining chemical labeling and quantitative proteomics have greatly advanced our ability to identify and characterize functional SEPs and alt-proteins in high throughput. In this review, we briefly describe the principles of proteomic discovery of SEPs and alt-proteins, then summarize how these technologies interface with chemical labeling for identification of SEPs and alt-proteins with specific properties, as well as in defining the interactome of SEPs and alt-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Xiongwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ken H. Loh
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Sarah A. Slavoff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
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13
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Ramírez CR, Espino JA, Jones LM, Polasky DA, Nesvizhskii AI. Efficient Analysis of Proteome-wide FPOP Data by FragPipe. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543263. [PMID: 37333157 PMCID: PMC10274679 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring protein structure before and after perturbations can give insights into the role and function of proteins. Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) allows monitoring of structural rearrangements by exposing proteins to OH radicals that oxidize solvent accessible residues, indicating protein regions undergoing movement. Some of the benefits of FPOP include high throughput and lack of scrambling due to label irreversibility. However, the challenges of processing FPOP data have thus far limited its proteome-scale uses. Here, we present a computational workflow for fast and sensitive analysis of FPOP datasets. Our workflow combines the speed of MSFragger search with a unique hybrid search method to restrict the large search space of FPOP modifications. Together, these features enable more than 10-fold faster FPOP searches that identify 50% more modified peptide spectra than previous methods. We hope this new workflow will increase the accessibility of FPOP to enable more protein structure and function relationships to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Arlett Espino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Daniel A Polasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Fekih-Zaghbib S, Ksouri A, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Differences in fish mucus proteomes identify potential antimicrobial peptide biomarkers. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104730. [PMID: 37169042 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We compared the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the epidermal mucus of three healthy fish species: two aquacultured teleost species, Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata, and one wild-caught species, Pagrus pagrus. The AMPs detected in all mucus by LC-MS/MS-QTOF are: Chrysophsin-1, -2 and -3, Piscidins -1, -2, -3 and -4, terminal Histone parts and Hepcidin-like peptides. Secretion analysis of the mucus from aquacultured fish using ProGenesis IQ software distinguished the bactericidal activities of histone peptides and probiotic flora from those of other AMPs. Chrysophsin-1 was statistically the most abundant peptide in both mucus samples (p < 0.0035). A lower detection of Piscidins was also observed. Interestingly, the presence of Oncorhyncin I was most pronounced in Sparus aurata mucus. Altogether, these results suggest that Chrysophsin-1 and Oncorhyncin I are potential biomarkers for immunodetection-based studies of changes in secretion patterns which will be further investigated during bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fekih-Zaghbib
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunisia.
| | - Ayoub Ksouri
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis-El Manar University, Tunisia.
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15
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Ryan KA, Bruening ML. Online protein digestion in membranes between capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Analyst 2023; 148:1611-1619. [PMID: 36912593 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
This research employs pepsin-containing membranes to digest proteins online after a capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation and prior to tandem mass spectrometry. Proteolysis after the separation allows the peptides from a given protein to enter the mass spectrometer in a single plug. Thus, migration time can serve as an additional criterion for confirming the identification of a peptide. The membrane resides in a sheath-flow electrospray ionization (ESI) source to enable digestion immediately before spray into the mass spectrometer, thus limiting separation of the digested peptides. Using the same membrane, digestion occurred reproducibly during 20 consecutive CE analyses performed over a 10 h period. Additionally, after separating a mixture of six unreduced proteins with CE, online digestion facilitated protein identification with at least 2 identifiable peptides for all the proteins. Sequence coverages were >75% for myoglobin and carbonic anhydrase II but much lower for proteins containing disulfide bonds. Development of methods for efficient separation of reduced proteins or identification of cross-linked peptides should enhance sequence coverages for proteins with disulfide bonds. Migration times for the peptides identified from a specific protein differed by <∼30 s, which allows for rejection of some spurious peptide identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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16
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Cassidy L, Kaulich PT, Tholey A. Proteoforms expand the world of microproteins and short open reading frame-encoded peptides. iScience 2023; 26:106069. [PMID: 36818287 PMCID: PMC9929600 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microproteins and short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) can, like all proteins, carry numerous posttranslational modifications. Together with posttranscriptional processes, this leads to a high number of possible distinct protein molecules, the proteoforms, out of a limited number of genes. The identification, quantification, and molecular characterization of proteoforms possess special challenges to established, mainly bottom-up proteomics (BUP) based analytical approaches. While BUP methods are powerful, proteins have to be inferred rather than directly identified, which hampers the detection of proteoforms. An alternative approach is top-down proteomics (TDP) which allows to identify intact proteoforms. This perspective article provides a brief overview of modified microproteins and SEPs, introduces the proteoform terminology, and compares present BUP and TDP workflows highlighting their major advantages and caveats. Necessary future developments in TDP to fully accentuate its potential for proteoform-centric analytics of microproteins and SEPs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Cassidy
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp T. Kaulich
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany,Corresponding author
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17
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Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Chen G, Bao Z, Yang Y, Xie Z, Zhao Q. An Optimized Proteomics Approach Reveals Novel Alternative Proteins in Mouse Liver Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 22:100480. [PMID: 36494044 PMCID: PMC9823216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative ORFs (AltORFs) are unannotated sequences in genome that encode novel peptides or proteins named alternative proteins (AltProts). Although ribosome profiling and bioinformatics predict a large number of AltProts, mass spectrometry as the only direct way of identification is hampered by the short lengths and relative low abundance of AltProts. There is an urgent need for improvement of mass spectrometry methodologies for AltProt identification. Here, we report an approach based on size-exclusion chromatography for simultaneous enrichment and fractionation of AltProts from complex proteome. This method greatly simplifies the variance of AltProts discovery by enriching small proteins smaller than 40 kDa. In a systematic comparison between 10 methods, the approach we reported enabled the discovery of more AltProts with overall higher intensities, with less cost of time and effort compared to other workflows. We applied this approach to identify 89 novel AltProts from mouse liver, 39 of which were differentially expressed between embryonic and adult mice. During embryonic development, the upregulated AltProts were mainly involved in biological pathways on RNA splicing and processing, whereas the AltProts involved in metabolisms were more active in adult livers. Our study not only provides an effective approach for identifying AltProts but also novel AltProts that are potentially important in developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Gennong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China,For correspondence: Qian Zhao
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18
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Photopolymerization with EDTA and Riboflavin for Proteins Analysis in Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Protein J 2022; 41:438-443. [PMID: 35895218 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A new method for photosensitized polymerization of polyacrylamide gels was proposed. Photopolymerization of acrylamide/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (AM/Bis) was assisted with combination of catalyst ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) and photoinitiator riboflavin (RF). The prepared cross-linked AM/Bis + EDTA/RF gels were tested in electrophoretic SDS-PAGE system at high concentration of AM (20 wt%). The efficiency of these systems for electrophoretic separation of histones of human blood lymphocytes was demonstrated. In principle, such gels with small pores in the separation zone can offer advantages for resolution of proteins. The advantages of proposed method also include simple technique and possibility of gel preparation in a timely manner (for 10-15 min). However, in microporous gel systems some limitations in electroblotting technique could occur, which is particularly crucial for hydrophobic proteins.
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19
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Qin R, Kurz E, Chen S, Zeck B, Chiribogas L, Jackson D, Herchen A, Attia T, Carlock M, Rapkiewicz A, Bar-Sagi D, Ritchie B, Ross TM, Mahal LK. α2,6-Sialylation is Upregulated in Severe COVID-19 Implicating the Complement Cascade. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.06.06.22275981. [PMID: 35702159 PMCID: PMC9196116 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.06.22275981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the mechanisms of COVID-19 severity is desperately needed in current times. Although hyper-inflammation drives severe COVID-19, precise mechanisms triggering this cascade and what role glycosylation might play therein is unknown. Here we report the first high-throughput glycomic analysis of COVID-19 plasma samples and autopsy tissues. We find α2,6-sialylation is upregulated in plasma of patients with severe COVID-19 and in the lung. This glycan motif is enriched on members of the complement cascade, which show higher levels of sialylation in severe COVID-19. In the lung tissue, we observe increased complement deposition, associated with elevated α2,6-sialylation levels, corresponding to elevated markers of poor prognosis (IL-6) and fibrotic response. We also observe upregulation of the α2,6-sialylation enzyme ST6GAL1 in patients who succumbed to COVID-19. Our work identifies a heretofore undescribed relationship between sialylation and complement in severe COVID-19, potentially informing future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emma Kurz
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Research Institute, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Briana Zeck
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luis Chiribogas
- Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, NYU Langone, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dana Jackson
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex Herchen
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyson Attia
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy Rapkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Ritchie
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Fabre B, Choteau SA, Duboé C, Pichereaux C, Montigny A, Korona D, Deery MJ, Camus M, Brun C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Russell S, Combier JP, Lilley KS, Plaza S. In Depth Exploration of the Alternative Proteome of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901351. [PMID: 35721519 PMCID: PMC9204603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that hundreds of small proteins were occulted when protein-coding genes were annotated. These proteins, called alternative proteins, have failed to be annotated notably due to the short length of their open reading frame (less than 100 codons) or the enforced rule establishing that messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are monocistronic. Several alternative proteins were shown to be biologically active molecules and seem to be involved in a wide range of biological functions. However, genome-wide exploration of the alternative proteome is still limited to a few species. In the present article, we describe a deep peptidomics workflow which enabled the identification of 401 alternative proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Subcellular localization, protein domains, and short linear motifs were predicted for 235 of the alternative proteins identified and point toward specific functions of these small proteins. Several alternative proteins had approximated abundances higher than their canonical counterparts, suggesting that these alternative proteins are actually the main products of their corresponding genes. Finally, we observed 14 alternative proteins with developmentally regulated expression patterns and 10 induced upon the heat-shock treatment of embryos, demonstrating stage or stress-specific production of alternative proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Fabre
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, CNRS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France,Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Bertrand Fabre, ; Serge Plaza,
| | - Sebastien A. Choteau
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Duboé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, CNRS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (AIB), CNRS, Toulouse, France,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique, ProFI, FR 2048, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Montigny
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, CNRS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Dagmara Korona
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mylène Camus
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique, ProFI, FR 2048, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Brun
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France,CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique, ProFI, FR 2048, Toulouse, France
| | - Steven Russell
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Combier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, CNRS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Kathryn S. Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Plaza
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, CNRS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France,*Correspondence: Bertrand Fabre, ; Serge Plaza,
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21
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Yuan W, Wang Z, Wan C. Proteomic-driven identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100312. [PMID: 35384297 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that a large number of short open reading frames (sORFs) also have the ability to encode proteins. The discovery of sORFs opens up a new research area, leading to the identification and functional study of sORF encoded peptides (SEPs) at the omics level. Besides bioinformatics prediction and ribosomal profiling, mass spectrometry (MS) has become a significant tool as it directly detects the sequence of SEPs. Though MS-based proteomics methods have proved to be effective for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SEPs, the detection of SEPs is still a great challenge due to their low abundance and short sequence. To illustrate the progress in method development, we described and discussed the main steps of large-scale proteomics identification of SEPs, including SEP extraction and enrichment, MS detection, data processing and quality control, quantification, and function prediction and validation methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
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22
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Weidenbach K, Gutt M, Cassidy L, Chibani C, Schmitz RA. Small Proteins in Archaea, a Mainly Unexplored World. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0031321. [PMID: 34543104 PMCID: PMC8765429 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00313-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of small proteins have moved into the focus of science. Small proteins have been identified and characterized in all three domains of life, but the majority remains functionally uncharacterized, lack secondary structure, and exhibit limited evolutionary conservation. While quite a few have already been described for bacteria and eukaryotic organisms, the amount of known and functionally analyzed archaeal small proteins is still very limited. In this review, we compile the current state of research, show strategies for systematic approaches for global identification of small archaeal proteins, and address selected functionally characterized examples. Besides, we document exemplarily for one archaeon the tool development and optimization to identify small proteins using genome-wide approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Weidenbach
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Miriam Gutt
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liam Cassidy
- AG Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cynthia Chibani
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Lin Y, Agarwal AM, Marshall AG, Anderson LC. Characterization of Structural Hemoglobin Variants by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry and R Programming Tools for Rapid Identification. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:123-130. [PMID: 34955023 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are one of the most prevalent genetic disorders, affecting millions throughout the world. These are caused by pathogenic variants in genes that control the production of hemoglobin (Hb) subunits. As the number of known Hb variants has increased, it has become more challenging to obtain unambiguous results from routine chromatographic assays employed in the clinical laboratory. Top-down proteomic analysis of Hb by mass spectrometry is a definitive method to directly characterize the sequences of intact subunits. Here, we apply "chimeric ion loading" to characterize Hb β subunit variants. In this technique, product ions derived from complementary dissociation techniques are accumulated in a multipole storage device before delivery to a 21 T Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for simultaneous detection. To further improve the efficiency of identification of Hb variants and localization of the mutation site(s), we developed an R programming script, "Variants Identifier", to search top-down data against a database containing accurate intact mass differences and diagnostic ions from investigated Hb variants. A second R script, "PredictDiag", was developed and employed to determine relevant diagnostic ions for additional Hb variants with known sequences. These two R scripts were successfully applied to the identification of a Hb δ-β fusion protein and other Hb variants. The combination of chimeric ion loading and the above R scripts enables rapid and reliable interpretation of top-down mass spectrometry data, regardless of activation type, for Hb variant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
| | - Archana M Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Alan G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Lissa C Anderson
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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Koudelka T, Winkels K, Kaleja P, Tholey A. Shedding light on both ends: An update on analytical approaches for N- and C-terminomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119137. [PMID: 34626679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Though proteases were long regarded as nonspecific degradative enzymes, over time, it was recognized that they also hydrolyze peptide bonds very specifically with a limited substrate pool. This irreversible posttranslational modification modulates the fate and activity of many proteins, making proteolytic processing a master switch in the regulation of e.g., the immune system, apoptosis and cancer progression. N- and C-terminomics, the identification of protein termini, has become indispensable in elucidating protease substrates and therefore protease function. Further, terminomics has the potential to identify yet unknown proteoforms, e.g. formed by alternative splicing or the recently discovered alternative ORFs. Different strategies and workflows have been developed that achieve higher sensitivity, a greater depth of coverage or higher throughput. In this review, we summarize recent developments in both N- and C-terminomics and include the potential of top-down proteomics which inherently delivers information on both ends of analytes in a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koudelka
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Winkels
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Kaleja
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Periasamy P, Rajandran S, Ziegman R, Casey M, Nakamura K, Kore H, Datta K, Gowda H. A simple organic solvent precipitation method to improve detection of low molecular weight proteins. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100152. [PMID: 34390184 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics revolutionized global proteomic profiling. Although high molecular weight abundant proteins are readily sampled in global proteomics studies, less abundant low molecular weight proteins are often underrepresented. This includes biologically important classes of low molecular weight proteins including ligands, growth factors, peptide hormones and cytokines. Although extensive fractionation can facilitate achieving better coverage of proteome, it requires additional infrastructure, mass spectrometry time and labor. There is need for a simple method that can selectively deplete high molecular weight abundant proteins and enrich for low molecular weight less abundant proteins to improve their coverage in proteomics studies. We present a simple organic-solvent based protein precipitation method that selectively depletes high molecular weight proteins and enriches low molecular weight proteins in the soluble fraction. Using this strategy, we demonstrate identification of low molecular weight proteins that are generally underrepresented in proteomics datasets. In addition, we show the utility of this approach in identifying functional cleavage products from precursor proteins and low molecular weight short open reading frame proteins encoded by non-coding regions such as lncRNAs and UTRs. As the method does not require additional infrastructure, it can complement existing proteomics workflows to increase detection and coverage of low molecular weight proteins that are less abundant. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Periasamy
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sureka Rajandran
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebekah Ziegman
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mika Casey
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hitesh Kore
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keshava Datta
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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