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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Zheng D, Wang H, Tang S, Tian J, Yang S, Deng W, Han K, Song F. Enhancing Intersystem Crossing to Achieve Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in a Water-Soluble Fluorescein Derivative with a Flexible Propenyl Group. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5692-5698. [PMID: 32568552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenge to rationally design an organic molecule with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) due to the intrinsically spin-forbidden transition. Meanwhile, those reported TADF organic molecules have difficulty to be directly applied in the field of biological and medical imaging because they usually have no water solubility. Here, a water-soluble TADF organic molecule DCF-BXJ was developed by introducing a flexible propenyl group into the commercial traditional fluorophore DCF (2,7-dichlorofluorescein). The flexible group provides nonradiative rotational motion, which causes an efficient energy level cross between the S1 state and the T2 state of DCF-BXJ. Results of transient absorption spectra and theoretical calculations supported that nonradiative rotational motion of the flexible group can enhance intersystem crossing (ISC) and bring out TADF. This work provides a new mechanism explanation for TADF existing in organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanliang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shanliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiarui Tian
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Songqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keli Han
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian 116024, China
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Vanzin D, Freitas CF, Pellosi DS, Batistela VR, Machado AEH, Pontes RM, Caetano W, Hioka N. Experimental and computational studies of protolytic and tautomeric equilibria of Erythrosin B and Eosin Y in water/DMSO. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pKa of Eosin Y and Erythrosin B were experimentally and computationally studied in water/DMSO mixtures using UV-Vis spectra, orbital and electrostatic properties to understand the tautomers contribution in the protolithic equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Vanzin
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - C. F. Freitas
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - D. S. Pellosi
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - V. R. Batistela
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - A. E. H. Machado
- Institute of Chemistry
- Lab. of Photochemistry and Science Materials
- Federal University of Uberlandia
- Uberlandia
- Brazil
| | - R. M. Pontes
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - W. Caetano
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - N. Hioka
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
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Hirabayashi K, Hanaoka K, Takayanagi T, Toki Y, Egawa T, Kamiya M, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Terai T, Yoshida K, Uchiyama M, Nagano T, Urano Y. Analysis of chemical equilibrium of silicon-substituted fluorescein and its application to develop a scaffold for red fluorescent probes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9061-9. [PMID: 26237524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescein is a representative green fluorophore that has been widely used as a scaffold of practically useful green fluorescent probes. Here, we report synthesis and characterization of a silicon-substituted fluorescein, i.e., 2-COOH TokyoMagenta (2-COOH TM), which is a fluorescein analogue in which the O atom at the 10' position of the xanthene moiety of fluorescein is replaced with a Si atom. This fluorescein analogue forms a spirolactone ring via intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the carboxylic group in a pH-dependent manner. Consequently, 2-COOH TM exhibits characteristic large pH-dependent absorption and fluorescence spectral changes: (1) 2-COOH TM is colorless at acidic pH, whereas fluorescein retains observable absorption and fluorescence even at acidic pH, and the absorption maximum is also shifted; (2) the absorption spectral change occurs above pH 7.0 for 2-COOH TM and below pH 7.0 for fluorescein; (3) 2-COOH TM shows a much sharper pH response than fluorescein because of its pKa inversion, i.e., pKa1 > pKa2. These features are also different from those of a compound without the carboxylic group, 2-Me TokyoMagenta (2-Me TM). Analysis of the chemical equilibrium between pH 3.0 and 11.0 disclosed that 2-COOH TM favors the colorless and nonfluorescent lactone form, compared with fluorescein. Substitution of Cl atoms at the 4' and 5' positions of the xanthene moiety of 2-COOH TM to obtain 2-COOH DCTM shifted the equilibrium so that the new derivative exists predominantly in the strongly fluorescent open form at physiological pH (pH 7.4). To demonstrate the practical utility of 2-COOH DCTM as a novel scaffold for red fluorescent probes, we employed it to develop a probe for β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshio Takayanagi
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kengo Yoshida
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, and Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, and Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team, Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Shtukenberg AG, Lee SS, Kahr B, Ward MD. Manipulating Crystallization with Molecular Additives. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2014; 5:77-96. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061312-103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003; ,
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003; ,
| | - Bart Kahr
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003; ,
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003; ,
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Lebed AV, Biryukov AV, Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO. A Quantum-Chemical Study of Tautomeric Equilibria of Fluorescein Dyes in DMSO. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kahr B, Bullard T, Kurimoto M, De Yoreo JJ. Complex organic guests in simple crystals: potassium hydrogen phthalate as case study. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry; New York University, 100 Washington Square East; New York City NY 10003 USA
| | - Theresa Bullard
- Department of Chemistry; New York University, 100 Washington Square East; New York City NY 10003 USA
| | - Miki Kurimoto
- Department of Chemistry; New York University, 100 Washington Square East; New York City NY 10003 USA
| | - James J. De Yoreo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratories; PO Box 999, MSIN: K2-01 Richland WA 99352 USA
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Yao H, Jockusch RA. Fluorescence and Electronic Action Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Gas-Phase Fluorescein, 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein, and 2′,7′-Difluorofluorescein Ions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1351-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO, Vodolazkaya NA, Gurina YA, Sun WC, Gee KR. Medium Effects on the Prototropic Equilibria of Fluorescein Fluoro Derivatives in True and Organized Solution. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4551-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909854s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Svoboda Sq. 4, Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine, and Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - Natalya A. Vodolazkaya
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Svoboda Sq. 4, Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine, and Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - Yuliya A. Gurina
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Svoboda Sq. 4, Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine, and Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - Wei-Chuan Sun
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Svoboda Sq. 4, Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine, and Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - Kyle R. Gee
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Svoboda Sq. 4, Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine, and Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Oregon 97402
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Bott ED, Riley EA, Kahr B, Reid PJ. Proton-transfer mechanism for dispersed decay kinetics of single molecules isolated in potassium hydrogen phthalate. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2403-2411. [PMID: 19658424 DOI: 10.1021/nn900596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state decay kinetics of single 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) molecules oriented and overgrown within crystals of potassium acid phthalate (KAP) are reported. Time-correlated single-photon counting measurements (TCSPC) of 56 DCF molecules in KAP reveal that single-exponential decay is exhibited by roughly half of the molecules. The remainder demonstrates complex excited-state decay kinetics that are well fit by a stretched exponential function consistent with dispersed kinetics. Histograms of single-molecule luminescence energies revealed environmental fluctuations and distinct chemical species. The TCSPC results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations employing a first-passage model for excited-state decay. Agreement between experiment and theory, on both bulk and single-molecule levels, suggests that a subset of the DCF molecules in KAP experience fluctuations in the surrounding environment that modify the energy barrier to proton transfer leading to dispersed kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Bott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Vodolazkaya NA, Gurina YA, Salamanova NV, Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO. Spectroscopic study of acid–base ionization and tautomerism of fluorescein dyes in direct microemulsions at high bulk ionic strength. J Mol Liq 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Protolytic equilibrium in lyophilic nanosized dispersions: Differentiating influence of the pseudophase and salt effects. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The so-called apparent ionization constants of various acids (mainly indicator dyes) in versatile organized solutions are analyzed. Aqueous micellar solutions of colloidal surfactants and related lyophilic colloidal systems display a strong differentiating influence on the acidic strength of indicators located in the dispersed pseudophase, i.e., non-uniform changes of pKa on going from water to the given system. This concept allows the influence of such media on acid-base properties of dissolved reagents to be rationalized. It is demonstrated that the differentiating phenomenon is the main reason for limitation of the common electrostatic model of acid-base interactions, and is the principal hindrance to exact evaluations of the interfacial electrical potentials of ionic micelles by means of acid-base indicators. Salt effects, i.e., the influence of supporting electrolytes on the apparent ionization constants of acid-base indicators in the Stern region of ionic micelles, are considered. These salt effects can be conventionally divided into two kinds, namely, general (normal) and special (specific) effects. While the first type adds up to screening of the surface charge, the second one consists in micellar transitions caused by hydrophobic counterions.
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