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Liu L, Gu YC, Zhang CP. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Transformation of Carbamoyl Fluorides, Fluoroformates, and Their Analogues. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300071. [PMID: 37098875 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues are a class of important compounds and have been evidenced as versatile building blocks for the preparation of useful molecules in organic chemistry. While major achievements were made in the synthesis of carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues in the last half of 20th century, an increasing number of reports have focused on using O/S/Se=CF2 species or their equivalents as the fluorocarbonylation reagents for the direct construction of these compounds from the parent heteroatom-nucleophiles in recent years. This review mainly summarizes the advances in the synthesis and typical application of carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues by the halide exchanges and fluorocarbonylation reactions since 1980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG426EY, UK
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Kevill DN, Ryu ZH. Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of acetic p
-toluenesulfonic anhydride (acetyl p
-toluenesulfonate) and a comparison with acetyl halides. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N. Kevill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115-2862 USA
| | - Zoon Ha Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Dong-Eui University; 995 Eomgwango, Busan-Jin-Gu Busan 614-714 Korea
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Park KH, Lee Y, Lee YW, Kyong JB, Kevill DN. Rate and Product Studies of 1-Adamantylmethyl Haloformates Under Solvolytic Conditions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.11.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choi HJ, Koo IS. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolyses of 4-Methylthiophene-2-carbonyl Chloride Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.2.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choi HJ, Ali D, Lee JP, Yang KY, Park JK, Koo IS. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of 1-Piperidincarbonyl Chloride Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.11.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee Y, Park KH, Seong MH, Kyong JB, Kevill DN. Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of i-butyl fluoroformate and a consideration of leaving-group effects. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7806-17. [PMID: 22174633 PMCID: PMC3233439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific rates of solvolysis of isobutyl fluoroformate (1) have been measured at 40.0 °C in 22 pure and binary solvents. These results correlated well with the extended Grunwald-Winstein (G-W) equation, which incorporated the N(T) solvent nucleophilicity scale and the Y(Cl) solvent ionizing power scale. The sensitivities (l and m-values) to changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power, and the k(F)/k(Cl) values are very similar to those observed previously for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the additional step of an addition-elimination pathway being rate-determining. The solvent deuterium isotope effect value (k(MeOH)/k(MeOD)) for methanolysis of 1 was determined, and for solvolyses in ethanol, methanol, 80% ethanol, and 70% TFE, the values of the enthalpy and the entropy of activation for the solvolysis of 1 were also determined. The results are compared with those reported earlier for isobutyl chloroformate (2) and other alkyl haloformate esters and mechanistic conclusions are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (K.-H.P.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Kyoung-Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (K.-H.P.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Mi Hye Seong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (K.-H.P.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Jin Burm Kyong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (K.-H.P.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Dennis N. Kevill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA; E-Mail:
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Kim R, Ali D, Lee JP, Yang KY, Koo IS. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of 4-Morpholinecarbonyl Chloride Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.7.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Koh HJ, Kang SJ, Kevill DN. Kinetic Studies of the Solvolyses of 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-Dimethylethyl Chloroformate. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.04.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Seong MH, Kyong JB, Lee YH, Kevill DN. Corrrelation of the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of Ethyl Fluoroformate Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:929-941. [PMID: 19399229 PMCID: PMC2672010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific rates of solvolysis of ethyl fluoroformate have been measured at 24.2 °C in 21 pure and binary solvents. These give a satisfactory correlation over the full range of solvents when the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation is applied. The sensitivities to changes in the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the addition step of an addition-elimination pathway being rate-determining. For methanolysis, a solvent deuterium isotope effect of 3.10 is compatible with the incorporation of general-base catalysis into the substitution process. For five representative solvents, studies were made at several temperatures and activation parameters determined. The results are also compared with those reported earlier for ethyl chloroformate and mechanistic conclusions are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Seong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
| | - Jin Burm Kyong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails:
(J.B.K.);
(D.N.K.)
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Seosan, ChungNam, 356-706, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Dennis N. Kevill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2862, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails:
(J.B.K.);
(D.N.K.)
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Application of the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation to Solvolyses of n-Propyl Fluoroformate and a Consideration of Leaving Group Effects. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.9.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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D’Souza MJ, Ryu ZH, Park BC, Kevill DN. Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of acetyl chloride and α-substituted derivatives. CAN J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/v08-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Additional specific rates of solvolysis have been determined for acetyl chloride and diphenylacetyl chloride. These are combined with literature values to carry out correlation analyses, using the extended Grunwald–Winstein equation with incorporation of literature values for solvent nucleophilicity (NT) and solvent ionizing power (YCl). Parallel analysis are carried out using literature values for the specific rates of solvolysis of trimethylacetyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, phenylacetyl chloride, and α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride (MTPAC). Chloroacetyl chloride and MTPAC react by an addition-elimination pathway, with the addition step rate-determining, over the full range of solvents. Acetyl chloride reacts over the full range of solvents by an ionization pathway, with considerable nucleophilic solvation. The other three substrates can solvolyze with the domination of either mechanism, depending on the properties of the solvent. Reports concerning the use of product selectivity values, kinetic solvent isotope effects, and computational studies as additional probes of the mechanism of solvolysis are discussed.Key words: Grunwald-Winstein equation, acyl chlorides, mechanism of solvolysis, solvent nucleophilicity.
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Kevill DN, D'Souza MJ. Sixty Years of the Grunwald–Winstein Equation: Development and Recent Applications. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/030823408x293189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of scales of values for solvent nucleophilicity and for the aromatic-ring parameter are described. These are applied to solvolytic addition to carbocations and, together with improved solvent ionising power scales, to solvolyses proceeding with a 1,2-aryl shift and to solvolytic displacements at acyl carbon and at a heteroatom, such as phosphorus or sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N. Kevill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115-2862, USA
| | - Malcolm J. D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Wesley College, 120 N. State Street, Dover, Delaware 19901-3875, USA
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