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He X, Lu T, Rong C, Liu W, Ayers PW, Liu S. Energetic Information from Information-Theoretic Approach in Density Functional Theory as Quantitative Measures of Physicochemical Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6049-6061. [PMID: 38995176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem of density functional theory (DFT) stipulates that energy is a universal functional of electron density in the ground state, so energy can be thought of having encoded essential information for the density. Based on this, we recently proposed to quantify energetic information within the framework of information-theoretic approach (ITA) of DFT (J. Chem. Phys. 2022, 157, 101103). In this study, we systematically apply energetic information to a variety of chemical phenomena to validate the use of energetic information as quantitative measures of physicochemical properties. To that end, we employed six ITA quantities such as Shannon entropy and Fisher information for five energetic densities, yielding twenty-six viable energetic information quantities. Then, they are applied to correlate with physicochemical properties of molecular systems, including chemical bonding, conformational stability, intermolecular interactions, acidity, aromaticity, cooperativity, electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, and reactivity. Our results show that different quantities of energetic information often behave differently for different properties but a few of them, such as Shannon entropy of the total kinetic energy density and information gain of the Pauli energy density, stand out and strongly correlate with several properties across different categories of molecular systems. These results suggest that they can be employed as quantitative measures of physicochemical properties. This work not only enriches the body of our knowledge about the relationship between energy and information, but also provides scores of newly introduced explicit density functionals to quantify physicochemical properties, which can serve as robust features for building machine learning models in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Chunying Rong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Paul W Ayers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario ONL8S, Canada
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Tufano E, Lee E, Barilli M, Casali E, Oštrek A, Jung H, Morana M, Kang J, Kim D, Chang S, Zanoni G. Iridium Acylnitrenoid-Initiated Biomimetic Cascade Cyclizations: Stereodefined Access to Polycyclic δ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37926946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring-fused azacyclic compounds are important building units in the synthesis of biorelevant natural products, pharmaceutical agents, and molecular materials. Herein, we present a new approach to these condensed azacycles by a biomimetic cascade cyclization of arylalkenyl dioxazolones. This cascade reaction was found to proceed with excellent stereoselectivity and a high functional group tolerance. The substrate scope of arylalkenyl dioxazolones turned out to be highly flexible and extendable to additional terminating subunits, such as heteroaryl and alkynyl moieties. This biomimetic cyclization was elucidated to be initiated by an intramolecular transfer of the in situ generated electrophilic Ir-acylnitrenoid to the tethered olefinic double bond, leading to a key N-acylaziridine intermediate, which is in turn reacted with pendant (hetero)arenes or alkynes in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner to produce ring-fused azacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Tufano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Euijae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Matteo Barilli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Casali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andraž Oštrek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Marta Morana
- Department of Earth Science, University of Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jihye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Solvent effect, quantification and correlation analysis of the nucleophilicities of cyclic secondary amines. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Heard AW, Suárez JM, Goldup SM. Controlling catalyst activity, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity with the mechanical bond. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:182-196. [PMID: 37117433 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, are receiving increased attention as scaffolds for the development of new catalysts, driven by both their increasing accessibility and high-profile examples of the mechanical bond delivering desirable behaviours and properties. In this Review, we survey recent advances in the catalytic applications of mechanically interlocked molecules organized by the effect of the mechanical bond on key catalytic properties, namely, activity, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity, and focus on how the mechanically bonded structure leads to the observed behaviour. Our aim is to inspire future investigations of mechanically interlocked catalysts, including those outside of the supramolecular community.
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Orlandi M, Escudero-Casao M, Licini G. Nucleophilicity Prediction via Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3555-3564. [PMID: 33534569 PMCID: PMC7901016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The concept of nucleophilicity is
at the basis of most transformations
in chemistry. Understanding and predicting the relative reactivity
of different nucleophiles is therefore of paramount importance. Mayr’s
nucleophilicity scale likely represents the most complete collection
of reactivity data, which currently includes over 1200 nucleophiles.
Several attempts have been made to theoretically predict Mayr’s
nucleophilicity parameters N based on calculation
of molecular properties, but a general model accounting for different
classes of nucleophiles could not be obtained so far. We herein show
that multivariate linear regression analysis is a suitable tool for
obtaining a simple model predicting N for virtually
any class of nucleophiles in different solvents for a set of 341 data
points. The key descriptors of the model were found to account for
the proton affinity, solvation energies, and sterics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Orlandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CIRCC-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi, Padova Unit, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Margarita Escudero-Casao
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CIRCC-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi, Padova Unit, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CIRCC-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi, Padova Unit, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Farag MA, Maamoun AA, Meyer A, Wessjohann LA. Salicylic acid and its derivatives elicit the production of diterpenes and sterols in corals and their algal symbionts: a metabolomics approach to elicitor SAR. Metabolomics 2018; 14:127. [PMID: 30830394 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The production of marine drugs in its normal habitats is often low and depends greatly on ecological conditions. Chemical synthesis of marine drugs is not economically feasible owing to their complex structures. Biotechnology application via elicitation represents a promising tool to enhance metabolites yield that has yet to be explored in soft corals. OBJECTIVES Study the elicitation impact of salicylic acid (SA) and six analogues in addition to a systemic acquired resistance inducer on secondary metabolites accumulation in the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi along with the symbiont zooxanthellae and if SA elicitation effect is extended to other coral species S. glaucum and Lobophyton pauciliforum. METHODS Post elicitation in the three corals and zooxanthella, metabolites were extracted and analyzed via UHPLC-MS coupled with chemometric tools. RESULTS Multivariate data analysis of the UHPLC-MS data set revealed clear segregation of SA, amino-SA, and acetyl-SA elicited samples. An increased level ca. 6- and 8-fold of the diterpenes viz., sarcophytonolide I, sarcophine and a C28-sterol, was observed in SA and amino-SA groups, respectively. Post elicitation, the level of diepoxy-cembratriene increased 1.5-fold and 2.4-fold in 1 mM SA, and acetyl-SA (aspirin) treatment groups, respectively. S. glaucum and Lobophyton pauciliforum showed a 2-fold increase of diepoxy-cembratriene levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SA could function as a general and somewhat selective diterpene inducing signaling molecule in soft corals. Structural consideration reveals initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) in SA derivatives that seem important for efficient diterpene and sterol elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Amal A Maamoun
- 3Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-BuhouthSt., Dokki, P.O.12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Achim Meyer
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheit Str.6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kumar B, Tikariha D, Ghosh KK. Reactivity of N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in cationic micellar media for the cleavage of carboxylate and phosphate esters. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nyawade EA, Friedrich HB, Omondi B. Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structures of new water-soluble 1-alkanaminedicarbonyl(η5-cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) tetrafluoroborate complex salts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aldini G, Vistoli G, Stefek M, Chondrogianni N, Grune T, Sereikaite J, Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Molecular strategies to prevent, inhibit, and degrade advanced glycoxidation and advanced lipoxidation end products. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:93-137. [PMID: 23560617 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.792926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs) and lipoxidation end products (ALEs) contribute to the development of diabetic complications and of other pathologies. The review discusses the possibilities of counteracting the formation and stimulating the degradation of these species by pharmaceuticals and natural compounds. The review discusses inhibitors of ALE and AGE formation, cross-link breakers, ALE/AGE elimination by enzymes and proteolytic systems, receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and blockade of the ligand-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Chamorro E, Duque-Noreña M, Notario R, Pérez P. Intrinsic Relative Scales of Electrophilicity and Nucleophilicity. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2636-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312143t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Chamorro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Notario
- Instituto de Química
Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Nigst TA, Antipova A, Mayr H. Nucleophilic Reactivities of Hydrazines and Amines: The Futile Search for the α-Effect in Hydrazine Reactivities. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8142-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Nigst
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Anna Antipova
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
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Maksić ZB, Kovačević B, Vianello R. Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5240-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100458v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir B. Maksić
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Vistoli G, Carini M, Aldini G. Transforming dietary peptides in promising lead compounds: the case of bioavailable carnosine analogs. Amino Acids 2012; 43:111-26. [PMID: 22286834 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of carnosine to prevent advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) formation, on the one hand, and the convincing evidence that these compounds act as pathogenetic factors, on the other hand, strongly support carnosine as a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative-based diseases. The mechanism/s by which carnosine inhibits AGEs and ALEs is still under investigation but an emerging hypothesis is that carnosine acts by deactivating the AGEs and ALEs precursors and in particular the reactive carbonyl species (RCS) generated by both lipid and sugar oxidation. The ability of carnosine to inhibit AGEs and ALEs formation and the corresponding biological effects has been demonstrated in several in vitro studies and in some animal models. However, such effects are in line of principle, limited in humans, due to the effect of serum carnosinase (absent in rodents), which catalyzes the carnosine hydrolysis to its constitutive amino acids. Such a limitation has prompted a great interest in the design of carnosine derivatives, which maintaining (or improving) the reactivity with RCS, are more resistant to carnosinase. The present paper intends to critically review the most recent studies oriented to obtaining carnosine derivatives, optimized in terms of reactivity with RCS, selectivity (no reaction with physiological aldehydes) and the pharmacokinetic profile (mainly through an enhanced resistance to carnosinase hydrolysis). The review also includes a brief description of AGEs and ALEs as drug targets and the evidence so far reported regarding the ability of carnosine as inhibitor of AGEs and ALEs formation and the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kretschmer R, Schlangen M, Kaupp M, Schwarz H. Neutral Metal Atoms Acting as a Leaving Group in Gas-Phase SN2 Reactions: M(CH3)+ + NH3 → CH3NH3+ + M (M = Zn, Cd, Hg). Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kretschmer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni
135, 10623 Berlin
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni
135, 10623 Berlin
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni
135, 10623 Berlin
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni
135, 10623 Berlin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Siebert MR, Tantillo DJ. Fundamental properties of N
-alkenylaziridines-implications for the design of new reactions and organocatalysts. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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M’thiruaine CM, Friedrich HB, Changamu EO, Bala MD. Synthesis and characterization of amine complexes of the cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl complex cation, [Cp(CO)2Fe]+. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arnér ESJ. Selenoproteins-What unique properties can arise with selenocysteine in place of cysteine? Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1296-303. [PMID: 20206159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The defining entity of a selenoprotein is the inclusion of at least one selenocysteine (Sec) residue in its sequence. Sec, the 21st naturally occurring genetically encoded amino acid, differs from its significantly more common structural analog cysteine (Cys) by the identity of a single atom: Sec contains selenium instead of the sulfur found in Cys. Selenium clearly has unique chemical properties that differ from sulfur, but more striking are perhaps the similarities between the two elements. Selenium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a renowned Swedish scientist instrumental in establishing the institution that would become Karolinska Institutet. Written at the occasion of the bicentennial anniversary of Karolinska Institutet, this mini review focuses on the unique selenium-derived properties that may potentially arise in a protein upon the inclusion of Sec in place of Cys. With 25 human genes encoding selenoproteins and in total several thousand selenoproteins yet described in nature, it seems likely that the presence of that single selenium atom of Sec should convey some specific feature, thereby explaining the existence of selenoproteins in spite of demanding and energetically costly Sec-specific synthesis machineries. Nonetheless, most, if not all, of the currently known selenoproteins are also found as Cys-containing non-selenoprotein orthologues in other organisms, wherefore any potentially unique properties of selenoproteins are yet a matter of debate. The pK(a) of free Sec (approximately 5.2) being significantly lower than that of free Cys (approximately 8.5) has often been proposed as one of the unique features of Sec. However, as discussed herein, this pK(a) difference between Sec and Cys can hardly provide an evolutionary pressure for maintenance of selenoproteins. Moreover, the typically 10- to 100-fold lower enzymatic efficiencies of Sec-to-Cys mutants of selenoprotein oxidoreductases, are also weak arguments for the overall existence of selenoproteins. Here, it is however emphasized that the inherent high nucleophilicity of Sec and thereby its higher chemical reaction rate with electrophiles, as compared to Cys, seems to be a truly unique property of Sec that cannot easily be mimicked by the basicity of Cys, even within the microenvironment of a protein. The chemical rate enhancement obtained with Sec can have other consequences than those arising from a low redox potential of some Cys-dependent proteins, typically aiming at maintaining redox equilibria. Another unique aspect of Sec compared to Cys seems to be its efficient potency to support one-electron transfer reactions, which, however, has not yet been unequivocally shown as a Sec-dependent step during the natural catalysis of any known selenoprotein enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Fuentealba P, David J, Guerra D. Density functional based reactivity parameters: Thermodynamic or kinetic concepts? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jaramillo P, Pérez P, Fuentealba P. On the Nucleophilicity of Boryllithium Compounds. A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6812-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900945k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jaramillo
- Departamento de Física Geral, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, cidade universitaria. S.P. Brasil, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653-Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Departamento de Física Geral, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, cidade universitaria. S.P. Brasil, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653-Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Fuentealba
- Departamento de Física Geral, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, cidade universitaria. S.P. Brasil, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile, and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653-Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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Chamorro E, Duque-Noreña M, Pérez P. Further relationships between theoretical and experimental models of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chamorro E, Duque-Noreña M, Pérez P. A comparison between theoretical and experimental models of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campodónico PR, Andrés J, Aizman A, Contreras R. Proton transport catalysis in intramolecular rearrangements: A density functional theory study. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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A further exploration of a nucleophilicity index based on the gas-phase ionization potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pérez P, Chamorro E, Ayers PW. Universal mathematical identities in density functional theory: Results from three different spin-resolved representations. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:204108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2916714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Domingo LR, Chamorro E, Pérez P. Understanding the reactivity of captodative ethylenes in polar cycloaddition reactions. A theoretical study. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4615-24. [PMID: 18484771 DOI: 10.1021/jo800572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic/nucleophilic character of a series of captodative (CD) ethylenes involved in polar cycloaddition reactions has been studied using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The transition state structures for the electrophilic/nucleophilic interactions of two CD ethylenes toward a nucleophilically activated ethylene, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane, and an electrophilically activated ethylene, 1,1-dicyanoethyelene, have been studied, and their electronic structures have been characterized using both NBO and ELF methods. Analysis of the reactivity indexes of the CD ethylenes explains the reactivity of these species. While the electrophilicity of the molecules accounts for the reactivity toward nucleophiles, it is shown that a simple index chosen for the nucleophilicity, Nu, based on the HOMO energy is useful explaining the reactivity of these CD ethylenes toward electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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