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Kwakernaak MC, Koel M, van den Berg PJL, Kelder EM, Jager WF. Room temperature synthesis of perylene diimides facilitated by high amic acid solubility. Org Chem Front 2022; 9:1090-1108. [PMID: 35311213 PMCID: PMC8846406 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol for the synthesis of perylene diimides (PDIs), by reacting perylene dianhydride (PDA) with aliphatic amines is reported. Full conversions were obtained at temperatures between 20 and 60 °C, using DBU as the base in DMF or DMSO. A “green” synthesis of PDIs, that runs at higher temperatures, was developed using K2CO3 in DMSO. The reaction sequence for the imidization process, via perylene amic acid intermediates (PAAs), has been confirmed experimentally aided by the synthesis and full characterization of stable model amic acid salts and amic esters. Kinetic studies, using absorption spectroscopy, have established that PDI formation proceeds via fast amic acid formation, followed by a slow conversion to imides. Solubility of the intermediate PAA salts is found to be low and rate-limiting. Based on this finding, quantitative PDI synthesis at room temperature was achieved by diluting the reaction mixture with water, the solvent in which PAA salts have better solubility. Thus, the otherwise harsh synthesis of PDIs has been transformed into an extremely convenient functional group tolerant and highly efficient reaction that runs at room temperature. Perylene diimides (PDIs) are synthesised at room temperature and obtained in quantitative yields after a single filtration. High solubility of the intermediate amic acid salts 5 and 9 is key to the success of this novel synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus C. Kwakernaak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology/Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Koel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. L. van den Berg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M. Kelder
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology/Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F. Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Weißenstein A, Vysotsky MO, Piantanida I, Würthner F. Naphthalene diimide–amino acid conjugates as novel fluorimetric and CD probes for differentiation between ds-DNA and ds-RNA. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2032-2045. [PMID: 32874350 PMCID: PMC7445415 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel unnatural amino acids, prepared by linking a dicationic purple-coloured and fluorescent naphthalene diimide (NDI) at core position to amino acid side chains of variable length, strongly interacted with ds-DNA/RNA by threading intercalation. Different from a reference NDI dye with identical visible range absorbance (520–540 nm) and Stokes shifts in emission (+60 nm, quantum yield > 0.2), only these amino acid–NDI conjugates showed selective fluorimetric response for GC-DNA in respect to AT(U)-polynucleotides. The DNA/RNA binding-induced circular dichroism (ICD) response of NDI at 450–550 nm strongly depended on the length and rigidity of the linker to the amino acid unit, which controls the orientation of the NDI unit inside within the intercalative binding site. The ICD selectivity also depends on the type of polynucleotide, thus the studied NDI dyes act as dual fluorimetric/ICD probes for sensing the difference between here used GC-DNA, AT-DNA and AU-RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annike Weißenstein
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Myroslav O Vysotsky
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, PO Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Zhou M, Chen Y, Salla M, Zhang H, Wang X, Mothe SR, Wang Q. Single‐Molecule Redox‐Targeting Reactions for a pH‐Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14286-14291. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Manohar Salla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
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Zhou M, Chen Y, Salla M, Zhang H, Wang X, Mothe SR, Wang Q. Single‐Molecule Redox‐Targeting Reactions for a pH‐Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Manohar Salla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Singapore
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5
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Liang Y, Jing Y, Gheytani S, Lee KY, Liu P, Facchetti A, Yao Y. Universal quinone electrodes for long cycle life aqueous rechargeable batteries. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:841-848. [PMID: 28628121 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable batteries provide the safety, robustness, affordability, and environmental friendliness necessary for grid storage and electric vehicle operations, but their adoption is plagued by poor cycle life due to the structural and chemical instability of the anode materials. Here we report quinones as stable anode materials by exploiting their structurally stable ion-coordination charge storage mechanism and chemical inertness towards aqueous electrolytes. Upon rational selection/design of quinone structures, we demonstrate three systems that coupled with industrially established cathodes and electrolytes exhibit long cycle life (up to 3,000 cycles/3,500 h), fast kinetics (≥20C), high anode specific capacity (up to 200-395 mAh g-1), and several examples of state-of-the-art specific energy/energy density (up to 76-92 Wh kg-1/ 161-208 Wh l-1) for several operational pH values (-1 to 15), charge carrier species (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+), temperature (-35 to 25 °C), and atmosphere (with/without O2), making them a universal anode approach for any aqueous battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Liang
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Yan Jing
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Saman Gheytani
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Kuan-Yi Lee
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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6
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Al Kobaisi M, Bhosale SV, Latham K, Raynor AM, Bhosale SV. Functional Naphthalene Diimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11685-11796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
| | - Kay Latham
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Raynor
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sheshanath V. Bhosale
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
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7
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Okamoto K, Zhang J, Housekeeper JB, Marder SR, Luscombe CK. C–H Arylation Reaction: Atom Efficient and Greener Syntheses of π-Conjugated Small Molecules and Macromolecules for Organic Electronic Materials. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401190r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamoto
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
United States
| | - Jeremy B. Housekeeper
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
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de Barros TC, Filho PB, Loos M, Politi MJ, Chaimovich H, Cuccovia IM. Formation and decomposition of N-alkylnaphthalimides: experimental evidences and ab initio description of the reaction pathways. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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