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Kolattoor J, Sherman M, Jenks W. Product sensitization in the photochemical generation of carbenes from sulfonium ylides. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Otani T, Miyoshi M, Shibata T, Matsuo T, Hashizume D, Tamao K. Thermally Stable Monosubstituted Thiophene 1-Oxide and 1-Imides Stabilized by a Bulky Rind Group at Their 3-Position: Synthesis, Structure, and Inversion Barriers on the Sulfur Atom. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Otani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555
- Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- Course of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Anan College, 265 Aoki Minobayashi, Anan, Tokushima 774-0017
| | - Mayu Miyoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
| | - Kohei Tamao
- Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
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3
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Andriampanarivo HL, Köhler M, Gejo JL, Betzwieser T, Poon BCY, Lock Yue P, Ravelomanantsoa SD, Braun AM. Continuous process of the vacuum ultraviolet- (VUV-) photochemical oxidation of thiophene in the gas phase. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1013-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on kinetic data and intermediate products of oxidation, reaction pathways of the oxidative degradation of gaseous thiophene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Köhler
- Lehrstuhl für Umweltmesstechnik
- Universität Karlsruhe
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Juan López Gejo
- Lehrstuhl für Umweltmesstechnik
- Universität Karlsruhe
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Thomas Betzwieser
- Lehrstuhl für Umweltmesstechnik
- Universität Karlsruhe
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Benny C. Y. Poon
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Po Lock Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
- Kowloon
- China
| | | | - André M. Braun
- Lehrstuhl für Umweltmesstechnik
- Universität Karlsruhe
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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4
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Stoffregen SA, Lee SY, Dickerson P, Jenks WS. Computational investigation of the photochemical deoxygenation of thiophene-S-oxide and selenophene-Se-oxide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:431-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A multireference CASSCF investigation of the dissociation of thiophene-S-oxide and selenophene-Se-oxide in their ground and accessible excited state demonstrates that dissociation can occur from T2 with little or no barrier.
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5
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Rademacher PM, Woods CM, Huang Q, Szklarz GD, Nelson SD. Differential oxidation of two thiophene-containing regioisomers to reactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 2C9. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:895-903. [PMID: 22329513 DOI: 10.1021/tx200519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The uricosuric diuretic agent tienilic acid (TA) is a thiophene-containing compound that is metabolized by P450 2C9 to 5-OH-TA. A reactive metabolite of TA also forms a covalent adduct to P450 2C9 that inactivates the enzyme and initiates immune-mediated hepatic injury in humans, purportedly through a thiophene-S-oxide intermediate. The 3-thenoyl regioisomer of TA, tienilic acid isomer (TAI), is chemically very similar and is reported to be oxidized by P450 2C9 to a thiophene-S-oxide, yet it is not a mechanism-based inactivator (MBI) of P450 2C9 and is reported to be an intrinsic hepatotoxin in rats. The goal of the work presented in this article was to identify the reactive metabolites of TA and TAI by the characterization of products derived from P450 2C9-mediated oxidation. In addition, in silico approaches were used to better understand both the mechanisms of oxidation of TA and TAI and/or the structural rearrangements of oxidized thiophene compounds. Incubation of TA with P450 2C9 and NADPH yielded the well-characterized 5-OH-TA metabolite as the major product. However, contrary to previous reports, it was found that TAI was oxidized to two different types of reactive intermediates that ultimately lead to two types of products, a pair of hydroxythiophene/thiolactone tautomers and an S-oxide dimer. Both TA and TAI incorporated ¹⁸O from ¹⁸O₂ into their respective hydroxythiophene/thiolactone metabolites indicating that these products are derived from an arene oxide pathway. Intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations of the rearrangement reactions of the model compound 2-acetylthiophene-S-oxide showed that a 1,5-oxygen migration mechanism is energetically unfavorable and does not yield the 5-OH product but instead yields a six-membered oxathiine ring. Therefore, arene oxide formation and subsequent NIH-shift rearrangement remains the favored mechanism for formation of 5-OH-TA. This also implicates the arene oxide as the initiating factor in TA induced liver injury via covalent modification of P450 2C9. Finally, in silico modeling of P450 2C9 active site ligand interactions with TA using the catalytically active iron-oxo species revealed significant differences in the orientations of TA and TAI in the active site, which correlated well with experimental results showing that TA was oxidized only to a ring carbon hydroxylated product, whereas TAI formed both ring carbon hydroxylated products and an S-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Rademacher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, USA.
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6
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Thiemann T. Photochemical and Electrochemical Oxygenation of Thiophenes, Benzo[b]Thiophenes and Dibenzothiophenes; Photochemical and Electrochemical Behaviour of Their Oxygenated Intermediates and Products. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3184/030823410x12857507693319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photooxygenation of thiophenes, benzo[ b]thiophenes and dibenzothiophenes is discussed, especially in view of the oxidative removal of these S-containing contaminants from fuels. Furthermore, the photochemistry of the intermediates and the products from these processes is detailed. Finally, an account is given of the electrooxidation of thiophenes and derivatives to the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones as well as of the electrochemical behaviour of the intermediate thiophene S-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Thiemann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Korang J, Grither WR, McCulla RD. Photodeoxygenation of Dibenzothiophene S-Oxide Derivatives in Aqueous Media. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4466-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Korang
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103
| | - Whitney R. Grither
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103
| | - Ryan D. McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103
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8
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Jenks WS, Heying MJ, Stoffregen SA, Rockafellow EM. Reaction of Dicarbomethoxycarbene with Thiophene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2765-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802823s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Jenks
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Melanie J. Heying
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
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9
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Jenks WS, Heying MJ, Rockafellow EM. Modulation of Carbene Spin State Population through Precursor Photophysics. Org Lett 2009; 11:955-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802934w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Jenks
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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