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Silva VB, Campos RB, Pavez P, Medeiros M, Orth ES. Nucleophilic Neutralization of Organophosphates: Lack of Selectivity or Plenty of Versatility? CHEM REC 2021; 21:2638-2665. [PMID: 34117695 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutralization of organophosphates is an issue of public health and safety, involving agrochemicals and chemical warfare. A promising approach is the nucleophilic neutralization, scope of this review, which focuses on the molecular nucleophiles: hydroxide, imidazole derivatives, alpha nucleophiles, amines and other nucleophiles. A reactivity mapping is given correlating the pathways and reaction efficiency with structural dependence of the nucleophile (basicity) and the organophosphate (electrophilic centers, P=O/P=S shift, leaving and non-leaving group). Reactions extremely unfavorable (>20 years) can be reduced to seconds with various nucleophiles, some which are catalytic. Although there is no universal nucleophile, a lack of selectivity in some cases accounts for plenty of versatility in other reactions. The ideal neutralization requires a solid mechanistic understanding, together with balancing factors such as milder conditions, fast process, selectivity and less toxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmir B Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Renan B Campos
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, ZIP 81280-340, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulina Pavez
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, 6094411, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elisa S Orth
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Lobatto VL, Argüello GA, Buján EI. Direct short-wave photolysis of chlorpyrifos-methyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon in the presence of cyclodextrins. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lobatto VL, Argüello GA, Caira MR, Bujan EI. Trifluralin and two of its photodegradation products: Crystal structures and phase solubility/UV studies with cyclodextrins. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L. Lobatto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Argüello
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mino R. Caira
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Elba I. Bujan
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
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Lobatto VL, Argüello GA, Buján EI. Photolysis of chlorpyrifos‐methyl, chlorpyrifos‐methyl oxon, and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L. Lobatto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Argüello
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba Argentina
| | - Elba I. Buján
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba Argentina
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Báez ME, Espinoza J, Fuentes E. Degradation kinetics of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in volcanic and non-volcanic soils: influence of cyclodextrins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25020-25035. [PMID: 29934831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of insecticides such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZN) in the agricultural activities worldwide has produced contamination of soils and/or transport to non-target areas including their distribution to surface and groundwaters. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been proposed as an alternative in remediation technologies based on the separation of contaminants from soils because they could allow a higher bioavailability for their degradation with a low environmental impact. In this work, the degradation pattern of CPF and DZN and the formation and dissipation of the major degradation products 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMPH) was established in four agricultural volcanic and non-volcanic soils belonging to Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol orders. Both pesticides were highly adsorbed in these soils, consequently, with a greater probability of contaminating them. In contrast, the adsorption of their two main metabolites was low or null; therefore, they are potential groundwater contaminants. The degradation processes were studied in the natural and amended soils with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) for CPF and DZN, respectively. A slow degradation of CPF and DZN was obtained for volcanic soils with observable residues until the end of the incubation time (150-180 days). In Mollisols, the higher degradation rate of CPF was favored by the neutral to basic pH, and for DZN it was related to the lower adsorption and higher bioavailability. The amendment of soils with CDs produced slower degradation rates which led to a greater concentration of the compounds at the end of the incubation time. This effect was more pronounced for DZN. The exception was the Andisol, with no significant changes for both compounds regarding the unamended soil. No residues of TCP were observed for this soil in both conditions during the whole incubation time; nevertheless, the accumulation of TCP was significant in the Ultisol and Mollisols, but the concentrations were lower for the amended soils. The accumulation of IMPH was important in Mollisol amended soils; however, their residues were observed in the volcanic soils during the whole incubation period in the natural and amended soils. An important enhancement of the microbial activity occurred in the system β-CD/CPF in Mollisols, without a more effective degradation of the insecticide. The opposite effect was observed in the system Mβ-CD/DZN mainly in the oxidative activity in all soils. The higher degradation of DZN and IMPH in natural Mollisols was related to the higher hydrolytic and oxidative activities. The stability of the inclusion complexes formed could play an important role for explaining the results obtained with the amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Báez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jeannette Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edwar Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
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Manfredi AM, Demos W, Wanderlind EH, Silva BV, Pinto AC, Souza BS, Nome F. Rapid cleavage of phosphate triesters by the oxime 2-(hydroxyimino)-N
-phenyl-acetamide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Manfredi
- INCT-Catalysis, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Willian Demos
- INCT-Catalysis, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Eduardo H. Wanderlind
- INCT-Catalysis, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Bárbara V. Silva
- Instituto de Química-CT, Bloco A; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-970 Brazil
| | - Angelo C. Pinto
- Instituto de Química-CT, Bloco A; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-970 Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Souza
- INCT-Catalysis, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Faruk Nome
- INCT-Catalysis, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-900 Brazil
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Rougier NM, Vico RV, de Rossi RH, Buján EI. Stabilization of the pesticide Fenitrothion towardOandNnucleophiles in the presence of cyclodextrins. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M. Rougier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Raquel V. Vico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Rita H. de Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Elba I. Buján
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
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Cruickshank DL, Rougier NM, Vico RV, Bourne SA, Buján EI, Caira MR, de Rossi RH. Inclusion of the insecticide fenitrothion in dimethylated-β-cyclodextrin: unusual guest disorder in the solid state and efficient retardation of the hydrolysis rate of the complexed guest in alkaline solution. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:106-17. [PMID: 23400042 PMCID: PMC3566831 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An anhydrous 1:1 crystalline inclusion complex between the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate] and the host compound heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DIMEB) was prepared and its structure elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This revealed two independent host molecules in the asymmetric unit. In one of these, the cavity is occupied by two disordered guest components (distinguishable as rotamers with respect to the P–OAr bond) while in the other, three distinct guest components with site-occupancies 0.44, 0.29 and 0.27 appear, the last having a reversed orientation relative to all the other components. Kinetic studies of the alkaline hydrolysis of fenitrothion in the presence of DIMEB showed a remarkable reduction of 84% in the rate of this reaction relative to that for the free substrate, a value exceeding those previously attained with the native hosts, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, and fully methylated β-cyclodextrin.
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Rougier NM, Cruickshank DL, Vico RV, Bourne SA, Caira MR, Buján EI, de Rossi RH. Effect of cyclodextrins on the reactivity of fenitrothion. Carbohydr Res 2010; 346:322-7. [PMID: 21146810 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis reaction of fenitrothion was studied in water containing 2% dioxane and in the presence of native cyclodextrins (α-, β- and γ-CD) and two commercially available modified derivatives, namely, permethylated β- and α-cyclodextrin (TRIMEB and TRIMEA, respectively). The kinetics of the reaction in the presence of TRIMEA could not be measured because the complex formed is insoluble and precipitated even at low concentration. On the other hand, the reaction is only weakly affected by the presence of α-CD. The hydrolysis reaction is inhibited by all the other cyclodextrins. From the kinetic data the association equilibrium constants for the formation of the 1:1 inclusion complexes were determined as 417, 511 and 99M(-1) for β-CD, TRIMEB and γ-CD, respectively. Despite the differences in the association constants for β- and γ-CD, the observed inhibition effect is about the same and this is due to the fact that the rate of hydrolysis in the cavity of γ-CD is smaller than that in the cavity of β-CD. The strongest inhibitor is TRIMEB and this result is consistent with the known structure of the complex in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Rougier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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Vico RV, de Rossi RH, Maggio B. PM-IRRAS assessment of the compression-mediated orientation of the nanocavity of a monoacylated beta-cyclodextrin in monolayers at the air-water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8407-8413. [PMID: 20205408 DOI: 10.1021/la904852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The structural orientation adopted along the compression-decompression isotherm by a monoacylated beta-cyclodextrin (C16-betaCD) at the air-water interface was assessed by polarization-modulation infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The adoption of different orientations of the cyclic oligosaccharide unit, relative to the interfacial plane, was interpreted analyzing the PM-IRRAS band intensity ratios of specific vibrations corresponding to the cyclodextrin moiety as a function of the surface pressure for successive compression/decompression cycles. The spectroscopic analysis revealed that the cyclic oligosaccharide modifies its position under compression from one in which the plane of the cavity of the monoacylated beta-cyclodextrin lies almost parallel to the interface to another in which the plane of the cavity is perpendicular to the interface. Through the PM-IRRAS analysis, it was also possible to evidence the establishment of an intermolecular hydrogen bonding network that may play an important role in the dynamic properties of the monolayer packing. The hydrogen bonding network becomes more important with the increases of surface pressure, up to a molecular packing limit, and it imparts the surface properties of the film for future compression-decompression cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel V Vico
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quimica Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Rougier NM, Vico RV, de Rossi RH, Buján EI. Reactivity of the Insecticide Fenitrothion toward O and N Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3427-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100541y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M. Rougier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel V. Vico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rita H. de Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elba I. Buján
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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