1
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Lang M, Kumar KS. Simple and General Approach for Reversible Condensation Polymerization with Cyclization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kiran Suresh Kumar
- Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Komine S, Takahashi S, Kojima T, Sato H, Hiraoka S. Self-Assembly Processes of Octahedron-Shaped Pd6L4 Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3178-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Komine
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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3
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Di Stefano S, Mandolini L. The canonical behavior of the entropic component of thermodynamic effective molarity. An attempt at unifying covalent and noncovalent cyclizations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:955-987. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06344c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The statistically corrected entropic component of effective molarity (EMS*) complies with the “canonical” values expressed by the log plot of EMS* vs. the number n of single bonds in the ring product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
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4
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Batiste SM, Johnston JN. Evidence for Ion-Templation During Macrocyclooligomerization of Depsipeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4560-4568. [PMID: 29565576 PMCID: PMC5996984 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ion-mediated Mitsunobu macrocyclooligomerization (M-MCO) reaction of hydroxy acid depsipeptides provides small collections of cyclic depsipeptides with good mass recovery. The approach can produce good yields of a single macrocycle or provide rapid access to multiple oligomeric macrocycles in good overall yield. While Lewis acidic alkali metal salts are known to play a role in the outcome of MCO reactions, it is unclear whether their effect is due to an organizational (e.g., templating) mechanism. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to study macrocycle-metal ion binding interactions, and this report correlates these thermodynamic measurements to the (kinetically determined) size distributions of depsipeptides formed during a Mitsunobu-based macrocyclooligomerization (MCO). Key trends have been identified in quantitative metal ion-cyclic depsipeptide binding affinity ( Ka), enthalpy of binding (Δ H), and stoichiometry of complexation across discrete series of macrocycles, and they provide the first analytical platform to rationally select a metal-ion template for a targeted size regime of cyclic oligomeric depsipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Batiste
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235-1822 , United States
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235-1822 , United States
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5
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Baba A, Kojima T, Hiraoka S. Quantitative Analysis of the Self-Assembly Process of Hexagonal Pt II Macrocyclic Complexes: Effect of the Solvent and the Components. Chemistry 2018; 24:838-847. [PMID: 28940878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of three PtII -linked hexagonal macrocycles consisting of dinuclear PtII complexes and organic ditopic ligands was investigated in polar and less polar solvents by a recently developed approach: quantitative analysis of the self-assembly process (QASAP). In polar CD3 NO2 , for all the three macrocycles, an ML2 complex was the dominant intermediate during self-assembly, as a result of high positive allosteric cooperativity for the ligand exchange on the PtII centers of the dinuclear PtII complexes. On the other hand, in less polar CD2 Cl2 , the self-assembly process was affected by the components. For two of the three macrocycles, the chainlike oligomers that contain fewer metals and ligands than the corresponding macrocycles grew with time and the type of the chainlike intermediates formed correlated with the allostericity of the two binding sites in the organic ditopic ligands. In every case, no long oligomers containing more components than the macrocycles themselves were produced during the self-assembly even though free rotation around single bonds in the chainlike oligomers allows them to adopt various conformations that do not facilitate the cyclization. This result suggests that electrostatic and/or steric factors besides rigidity of the components make the cyclization advantageous not only thermodynamically but also kinetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Baba
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Albano S, Olivo G, Mandolini L, Massera C, Ugozzoli F, Di Stefano S. Formation of Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine Derivatives Due to the Action of Fe 2+ on Dynamic Libraries of Imines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3820-3825. [PMID: 28322557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivative was unexpectedly obtained through the action of Fe2+ on a dynamic library of imines generated in situ via condensation of benzaldehyde and 2-picolylamine. The reaction product was easily isolated as the only nitrogen-containing product eluted from the chromatographic column. A reaction mechanism is proposed, in which combined kinetic and thermodynamic effects exerted by Fe2+ on the various steps of the complex reaction sequence are discussed. The Fe2+ nature of the added metal cation was found to be pivotal for the achievement of the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivative as well as its amount in the reaction mixture. When the electronic effects were evaluated, gratifying yields were obtained only in the presence of moderately electron-releasing or moderately electron-withdrawing groups on the aldehyde reactant. No traces of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives were obtained for p-OCH3 and p-NO2 benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma , Viale delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Ugozzoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma , Viale delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Di Stefano S, Ercolani G. Statistical Ring Catenation under Thermodynamic Control: Should the Jacobson–Stockmayer Cyclization Theory Take into Account Catenane Formation? J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:649-656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di
Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o
Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro
5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
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8
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Brachvogel RC, von Delius M. The Dynamic Covalent Chemistry of Esters, Acetals and Orthoesters. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- René-Chris Brachvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM); Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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9
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Abstract
On the basis of many literature measurements, a critical overview is given on essential noncovalent interactions in synthetic supramolecular complexes, accompanied by analyses with selected proteins. The methods, which can be applied to derive binding increments for single noncovalent interactions, start with the evaluation of consistency and additivity with a sufficiently large number of different host-guest complexes by applying linear free energy relations. Other strategies involve the use of double mutant cycles, of molecular balances, of dynamic combinatorial libraries, and of crystal structures. Promises and limitations of these strategies are discussed. Most of the analyses stem from solution studies, but a few also from gas phase. The empirically derived interactions are then presented on the basis of selected complexes with respect to ion pairing, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic contributions, halogen bonding, π-π-stacking, dispersive forces, cation-π and anion-π interactions, and contributions from the hydrophobic effect. Cooperativity in host-guest complexes as well as in self-assembly, and entropy factors are briefly highlighted. Tables with typical values for single noncovalent free energies and polarity parameters are in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes , D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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10
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Ramanitra HH, Santos Silva H, Bregadiolli BA, Khoukh A, Combe CMS, Dowland SA, Bégué D, Graeff CFO, Dagron-Lartigau C, Distler A, Morse G, Hiorns RC. Synthesis of Main-Chain Poly(fullerene)s from a Sterically Controlled Azomethine Ylide Cycloaddition Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasina H. Ramanitra
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Hugo Santos Silva
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (ECP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Bruna A. Bregadiolli
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
- Departamento
de Física-FC, UNESP, Av. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube,
14-01, 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil
| | - Abdel Khoukh
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Craig M. S. Combe
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (ECP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Carlos F. O. Graeff
- Departamento
de Física-FC, UNESP, Av. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube,
14-01, 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil
| | - Christine Dagron-Lartigau
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254), 2 Avenue Président Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Andreas Distler
- Belectric OPV
GmbH, Landgrabenstr. 94, 90443 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Graham Morse
- Merck Chemicals Ltd., Chilworth Technical Centre, University Parkway, SO16 7QD Southampton, United Kingdom
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11
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Equilibrium Effective Molarity As a Key Concept in Ring-Chain Equilibria, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry, Cooperativity and Self-assembly. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Naumann S, Scholten PBV, Wilson JA, Dove AP. Dual Catalysis for Selective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones: Evolution toward Simplicity. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14439-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | - James A. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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13
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Berrocal JA, Albano S, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S. A CuI-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Gel-Like Material Built from a Library of Oligomeric Ligands Featuring Exotopic 1,10-Phenanthroline Units. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Di Stefano S, Ercolani G. Catenation Equilibria Between Ring Oligomers and Their Relation to Effective Molarities: Models From Theories and Simulations. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma La Sapienza; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università di Roma Tor Vergata; Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy
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15
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Martí-Centelles V, Pandey MD, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Macrocyclization Reactions: The Importance of Conformational, Configurational, and Template-Induced Preorganization. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8736-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrituanjay D. Pandey
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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16
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Berrocal JA, Pitet LM, Nieuwenhuizen MML, Mandolini L, Meijer EW, Di Stefano S. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a Diolefinic [2]-Catenane–Copper(I) Complex: An Easy Route to Polycatenanes. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502392v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza
Università di
Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione
Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marko M. L. Nieuwenhuizen
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza
Università di
Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione
Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza
Università di
Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione
Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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17
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Brachvogel RC, von Delius M. Orthoester exchange: a tripodal tool for dynamic covalent and systems chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1399-1403. [PMID: 29560228 PMCID: PMC5811105 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible covalent reactions have become an important tool in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce the acid-catalyzed exchange of O,O,O-orthoesters to the toolbox of dynamic covalent chemistry. We demonstrate that orthoesters readily exchange with a wide range of alcohols under mild conditions and we disclose the first report of an orthoester metathesis reaction. We also show that dynamic orthoester systems give rise to pronounced metal template effects, which can best be understood by agonistic relationships in a three-dimensional network analysis. Due to the tripodal architecture of orthoesters, the exchange process described herein could find unique applications in dynamic polymers, porous materials and host-guest architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René-Chris Brachvogel
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Henkestrasse 42 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Max von Delius
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Henkestrasse 42 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany .
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18
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Ciaccia M, Tosi I, Baldini L, Cacciapaglia R, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S, Hunter CA. Applications of dynamic combinatorial chemistry for the determination of effective molarity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:144-151. [PMID: 28553463 PMCID: PMC5424495 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for determining thermodynamic effective molarities (EM) for macrocylisation reactions using dynamic combinatorial chemistry under dilute conditions is presented. At low concentrations, below the critical value, Dynamic Libraries (DLs) of bifunctional building blocks contain only cyclic species, so it is not possible to quantify the equilibria between linear and cyclic species. However, addition of a monofunctional chain stopper can be used to promote the formation of linear oligomers allowing measurement of EM for all cyclic species present in the DL. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated for DLs generated from mixtures of 1,3-diimine calix[4]arenes, linear diaminoalkanes and monoaminoalkanes. For macrocycles deriving from one bifunctional calixarene and one diamine, there is an alternating pattern of EM values with the number of methylene units in the diamine: odd numbers give significantly higher EMs than even numbers. For odd numbers of methylene units, the alkyl chain can adopt an extended all anti conformation, whereas for even numbers of methylene units, gauche conformations are required for cyclisation, and the associated strain reduces EM. The value of EM for the five-carbon linker indicates that this macrocycle is a strainless ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
| | - Irene Tosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 , Parma , Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 , Parma , Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
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19
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Herrmann A. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry: a tool to read, generate and modulate the bioactivity of compounds and compound mixtures. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1899-933. [PMID: 24296754 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent bond formation under thermodynamic control adds reactivity to self-assembled supramolecular systems, and is therefore an ideal tool to assess complexity of chemical and biological systems. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry (DCC) has been used to read structural information by selectively assembling receptors with the optimum molecular fit around a given template from a mixture of reversibly reacting building blocks. This technique allows access to efficient sensing devices and the generation of new biomolecules, such as small molecule receptor binders for drug discovery, but also larger biomimetic polymers and macromolecules with particular three-dimensional structural architectures. Adding a kinetic factor to a thermodynamically controlled equilibrium results in dynamic resolution and in self-sorting and self-replicating systems, all of which are of major importance in biological systems. Furthermore, the temporary modification of bioactive compounds by reversible combinatorial/covalent derivatisation allows control of their release and facilitates their transport across amphiphilic self-assembled systems such as artificial membranes or cell walls. The goal of this review is to give a conceptual overview of how the impact of DCC on supramolecular assemblies at different levels can allow us to understand, predict and modulate the complexity of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA, Division Recherche et Développement, Route des Jeunes 1, B. P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland.
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20
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Pepels MPF, Souljé P, Peters R, Duchateau R. Theoretical and Experimental Approach to Accurately Predict the Complex Molecular Weight Distribution in the Polymerization of Strainless Cyclic Esters. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5015353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. F. Pepels
- Laboratory
of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Souljé
- Laboratory
of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Peters
- DSM Resolve, Urmonderbaan
22, 6167RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Duchateau
- Laboratory
of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SABIC T&I, STC-Geleen, SABIC Europe B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands
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21
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Zheng B, Klautzsch F, Xue M, Huang F, Schalley CA. Self-sorting of crown ether/secondary ammonium ion hetero-[c2]daisy chain pseudorotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Ciaccia M, Pilati S, Cacciapaglia R, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S. Effective catalysis of imine metathesis by means of fast transiminations between aromatic-aromatic or aromatic-aliphatic amines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3282-7. [PMID: 24733042 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on a quantitative investigation of rates of amine-imine exchange reactions of primary amines with their benzylidene derivatives in organic solvents at room temperature. Exchange reactions involving aromatic-aromatic or aromatic-aliphatic amines were in all cases fast enough to allow their use in the effective catalysis of imine metathesis in the absence of acid and metal catalysis. Transiminations based on exchange between aromatic and aliphatic amines were retarded both by electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in the para-position of the benzylidene moiety. This result was interpreted as arising from a change in the rate-determining step of the two-step transimination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Ulrich S, Dumy P. Probing secondary interactions in biomolecular recognition by dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5810-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00263f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Berrocal JA, Nieuwenhuizen MML, Mandolini L, Meijer EW, Di Stefano S. Copper(i)-induced amplification of a [2]catenane in a virtual dynamic library of macrocyclic alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6167-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interlocked virtual component 1 of a well-behaved dynamic library of cyclic olefins is resuscitated by means of the template effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma
| | - Marko M. L. Nieuwenhuizen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR)
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Sapienza Università di Roma
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25
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Kammiyada H, Konishi A, Ouchi M, Sawamoto M. Ring-Expansion Living Cationic Polymerization via Reversible Activation of a Hemiacetal Ester Bond. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:531-534. [PMID: 35581812 DOI: 10.1021/mz400191t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an effective route to cyclopolymers via the Lewis acid-assisted "ring-expansion" living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers, directly from a simple "cyclic initiator" designed with a hemiacetal ester for dynamic and reversible initiation and propagation. The built-in hemiacetal ester, or a carboxylic acid-vinyl ether adduct, is a key to control the polymerization: as the leaving group, the activated carboxylate is well-suited for designing the ring structure, differing from monovalent halogens often employed in carbocationic initiation. The choice of a Lewis acid catalyst (SnBr4) is equally crucial to retain the cyclic structure via the reversibly dissociable but relatively strong ester bond not only during propagation but also even after quenching. The formation of cyclic polymers was proved by irreversibly cleaving the hemiacetal ester linkage of the product via acidic hydrolysis into an open-chain structure, i.e., an increase in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) molecular weight (hydrodynamic radius), along with the clean transformation of the endocyclic hemiacetal ester into an α-carboxylic acid and ω-aldehyde terminals (by NMR). The polymerization was really "living" polymerization via ring-expansion, as demonstrated by successful monomer-addition experiments and a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion. This ring-expansion living polymerization would open a door to well-defined cyclic polymers free from terminus (end groups) and to hybrid macromolecules with combinations of cyclic and linear architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kammiyada
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akito Konishi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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26
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Ruggi A, Cacciapaglia R, Di Stefano S, Bodo E, Ugozzoli F. Naphthalenophane formaldehyde acetals as candidate structures for the generation of dynamic libraries via transacetalation processes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Ciaccia M, Cacciapaglia R, Mencarelli P, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S. Fast transimination in organic solvents in the absence of proton and metal catalysts. A key to imine metathesis catalyzed by primary amines under mild conditions. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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28
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Berrocal JA, Cacciapaglia R, Stefano SD, Mandolini L. Target-induced amplification in a dynamic library of macrocycles. A quantitative study. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Berrocal JA, Cacciapaglia R, Stefano SD. A well-behaved dynamic library of cyclophane formaldehyde acetals incorporating diphenylmethane units. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8190-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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30
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Di Stefano S, Mazzonna M, Bodo E, Mandolini L, Lanzalunga O. Photoinversion of Sulfoxides as a Source of Diversity in Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. Org Lett 2010; 13:142-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102715p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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