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Khalil K, Shahnaz, Ludwig R, Tighezza AM, Ayub K, Mahmood T, Gilani MA. Unraveling the role of superalkalis in modulating the static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of emerging calix[4]arenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6794-6805. [PMID: 38323625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Calixarenes, as novel organic materials, can play a pivotal role in the development of high-performance nonlinear optical materials due to the ease of design and fabrication. In this study, DFT simulations were employed to investigate the geometric, electronic, and NLO responses of calix[4]arene doped with Li3O, Na3O, and K3O superalkalis. The computed values of the vertical ionization energies and interaction energies indicate the chemical and thermodynamic stabilities of the targeted M3O@calix[4]arene complexes. The corresponding energy gaps (2.01 to 3.49 eV) are notably reduced, indicating the semiconductor nature of the materials. Surprisingly, the M3O@calix[4]arene complexes exhibit transparency in the UV/visible range as the absorption peaks are shifted in the near infrared (NIR) region. The highest values of 5.9 × 105 a.u. and 2.3 × 108 a.u. for the respective first and second hyperpolarizabilities are observed for Na3O@calix[4]arene. Furthermore, the Na3O@calix[4]arene complex exhibits maximum values of 2.3 × 105 a.u. for second harmonic generation (SHG) and (K3O@calix[4]arene) 2.3 × 106 a.u. for the electro-optical Pockels effect (EOPE) at 1064 nm. Similarly, approximations are made for the dynamic second hyperpolarizability coefficients (EOKE and EFISHG) at different wavelengths. Notably, the Na3O@calix[4]arene complex demonstrates the highest quadratic nonlinear refractive index (n2) of 9.5 × 10-15 cm2 W-1 at 1064 nm. This research paves the way for the development of stable calix[4]arenes doped with superalkalis, leading to an improved nonlinear optical (NLO) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, Rostock 18059, Germany
- University of Rostock, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Ammar M Tighezza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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2
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Heteroatom-bridged pillar[4]quinone: evolutionary active cathode material for lithium-ion battery using density functional theory. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Pisagatti I, Manganaro N, Mirabella CF, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Nastasi F, Notti A, Parisi MF, Gattuso G. How do fluoride ions bind to tetrathiacalix[2]arene[2]triazines? Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Mirzaei S, Wang D, Lindeman SV, Timerghazin QK, Rathore R. Redox-Induced Molecular Actuators: The Case of Oxy-Alternate Bridged Cyclotetraveratrylene. Org Lett 2019; 21:7987-7991. [PMID: 31553195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a practical two-step approach for the synthesis of hybrid-bridge macrocyclic molecules that has been used to synthesize two novel oxy-alternate-bridged macrocyclic molecules, oxy-alternate cyclotetraveratrylene (O-altCTTV) and oxy-alternate cyclohexaveratrylene (O-altCHV). Electrochemistry, absorption spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations demonstrate that O-altCTTV acts as a redox-induced molecular actuator, as its switches from the open conformation in the neutral state to the closed conformation in the cation-radical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Qadir K Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
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5
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Oguz M, Bhatti AA, Dogan B, Karakurt S, Durdagi S, Yilmaz M. Formation of the inclusion complex of water soluble fluorescent calix[4]arene and naringenin: solubility, cytotoxic effect and molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3801-3813. [PMID: 31526236 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1668301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is considered as an important flavonoid in phytochemistry because of its important effect on cancer chemoprevention. Unfortunately its poor solubility has restricted its therapeutic applications. In this study, an efficient water-soluble fluorescent calix[4]arene (compound 5) was synthesized as host macromolecule to increase solubility and cytotoxicity in cancer cells of water-insoluble naringenin as well as to clarify localization of naringenin into the cells. Complex formed by host-guest interaction between compound 5 and naringenin was analyzed with UV-visible, fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling studies. Stern-Volmer analysis showed binding constant value of Ksv 3.5 × 107 M-1 suggesting strong interaction between host and guest. Binding capacity shows 77% of naringenin was loaded on compound 5. Anticarcinogenic effects of naringenin complex were evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (DLD-1) and it was found that 5-naringenin complex inhibits proliferation of DLD-1 cells 3.4-fold more compared to free naringenin. Fluorescence imaging studies show 5-naringenin complex was accumulated into the cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. Increased solubility and cytotoxicity of naringenin with fluorescent calix[4]arene makes it one of the potential candidates as a therapeutic enhancer. For deep understanding of host-guest interaction mechanisms, complementary multiscale molecular modeling studies were also carried out.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.,Department of Advanced Material and Nanotechnology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Asif Ali Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Government College University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Berna Dogan
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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6
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Theoretical prediction of structures and inclusion properties of heteroatom-bridged pillar[n]arenes. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Ma JX, Fang X, Xue M, Yang Y. Synthesis, structure, and anion binding of functional oxacalix[4]arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5075-5085. [PMID: 31066740 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxacalix[4]arenes obtained from the highly efficient, one-pot SNAr reaction were post-macrocyclization functionalized through the reduction of nitro groups and hydrolysis of the ester groups to obtain several derivatives of desired solubility. The difficulties in basic hydrolysis of ester groups were overcome via developing an acid hydrolysis method for tert-butyl ester derivatives of this class. The synthesis of symmetrical oxacalix[4]arenes from an unsymmetrically substituted precursor was also explored via a multiple step fragment coupling approach. Compounds 17 & 18 adopted 1,3-alternate conformations in the solid state as most oxacalix[4]arenes did, and a chair (zigzag) conformation was revealed for tetraamido oxacalix[4]arene (6a) by X-ray single crystal analysis. The tetraureido oxacalixarene (7) showed strong association towards various anions such as F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, Ac-, and HSO4- with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry as revealed by 1H NMR analysis and UV-vis measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Xia Ma
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xu Fang
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Min Xue
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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8
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Peterson A, Kaabel S, Kahn I, Pehk T, Aav R, Adamson J. Unsubstituted Oxacalix[ n
]arenes ( n
=4 and 8): A Conformational Study in Solution and Solid State and Interaction Studies with Aromatic Guests. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Peterson
- Chemical Physics Laboratory; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Iiris Kahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Tõnis Pehk
- Chemical Physics Laboratory; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn Estonia
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Chemical Physics Laboratory; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn Estonia
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9
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Zhang Q, Wang MX. Synthesis of hydroxylated azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines from hydrolysis of high valent arylcopper complexes and conversion to a double azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine host molecule. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arylcopper(ii) compounds reacted efficiently with KOH at ambient temperature to produce exclusively lower-rim-hydroxylated azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines which underwent further CuCl2/TMEDA-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling to afford an unprecedented bisazacalix[1]phenol[3]pyridine host molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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10
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Wang F, Zhao L, You J, Wang MX. Synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines from the Cu(ii)-mediated direct trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of arenes via reactive arylcopper(iii) intermediates. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu(ii)-mediated arene C–H bond trifluoromethylthiolation with Me4NSCF3proceedsviaarylcopper(iii) intermediates to produce functionalized azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (MOE)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (MOE)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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11
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Weck C, Katzsch F, Gruber T. Synthesis, conformational parameters and packing considerations of methyl bispyridyl ketones. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Li JT, Wang LX, Wang DX, Zhao L, Wang MX. Synthesis, Resolution, Structure, and Racemization of Inherently Chiral 1,3-Alternate Azacalix[4]pyrimidines: Quantification of Conformation Mobility. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2178-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500054v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Tao Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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13
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AbuSalim DI, Merfeld ML, Lash TD. Dicarbaporphyrinoid Systems. Synthesis of Oxo-adj-dibenziphlorins. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10360-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401756q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Michelle L. Merfeld
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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14
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Thomas J, Dobrzańska L, Van Hecke K, Sonawane MP, Robeyns K, Van Meervelt L, Woźniak K, Smet M, Maes W, Dehaen W. Homoselenacalix[4]arenes: synthetic exploration and metallosupramolecular chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6526-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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