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Ahmad G, Rasool N, Mubarik A, Zahoor AF, Hashmi MA, Zubair M, Bilal M, Hussien M, Akhtar MS, Haider S. Facile Synthesis of 5-Aryl- N-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamides via Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions, Their Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Properties through DFT Calculations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237309. [PMID: 34885891 PMCID: PMC8659105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of 5-aryl-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamides (4a–4n) by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromo-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (3) with various aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids/pinacol esters was observed in this article. The intermediate compound 3 was prepared by condensation of pyrazin-2-amine (1) with 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (2) mediated by TiCl4. The target pyrazine analogs (4a–4n) were confirmed by NMR and mass spectrometry. In DFT calculation of target molecules, several reactivity parameters like FMOs (EHOMO, ELUMO), HOMO–LUMO energy gap, electron affinity (A), ionization energy (I), electrophilicity index (ω), chemical softness (σ) and chemical hardness (η) were considered and discussed. Effect of various substituents was observed on values of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap and hyperpolarizability. The p-electronic delocalization extended over pyrazine, benzene and thiophene was examined in studying the NLO behavior. The chemical shifts of 1H NMR of all the synthesized compounds 4a–4n were calculated and compared with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulraiz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (A.M.); (A.F.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (A.M.); (A.F.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (S.H.); Tel.: +92-332-7491790 (N.R.); Fax: +92-41-9201032 (N.R.)
| | - Adeel Mubarik
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (A.M.); (A.F.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (A.M.); (A.F.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (A.M.); (A.F.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (A.M.); (A.F.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Mohamed Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (S.H.); Tel.: +92-332-7491790 (N.R.); Fax: +92-41-9201032 (N.R.)
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Verbitskiy EV, Achelle S, Bureš F, le Poul P, Barsella A, Kvashnin YA, Rusinov GL, Guen FRL, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Synthesis, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-based linear push-pull systems. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Effect of bulky aryl group on the optical properties of Cypridina oxyluciferin analogues. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Min CG, Liu QB, Leng Y, Magalhães CM, Huang SJ, Liu CX, Yang XK, da Silva LP. Mechanistic Insight into the Chemiluminescent Decomposition of Cypridina Dioxetanone and the Chemiluminescent, Fluorescent Properties of the Light Emitter of Cypridina Bioluminescence. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4393-4401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Gang Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Yan Leng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Carla M. Magalhães
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Shao-Jun Huang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Kun Yang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Pinto da Silva L, Pereira RFJ, Magalhães CM, Esteves da Silva JCG. Mechanistic Insight into Cypridina Bioluminescence with a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Chemiluminescent Approach. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7862-7871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LACOMEPHI,
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui F. J. Pereira
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla M. Magalhães
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
- LACOMEPHI,
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Geosciences, Environment and
Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Hoffert K, Durand RJ, Gauthier S, Robin-le Guen F, Achelle S. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Pyrazine-Based Push-Pull Chromophores. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellyn Hoffert
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion; Rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219 22302 Lannion Cedex France
- Center of Natural Sciences; Northern Kentucky University; Nunn Drive 41099 Highland Height KY USA
| | - Raphaël J. Durand
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion; Rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219 22302 Lannion Cedex France
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion; Rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219 22302 Lannion Cedex France
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion; Rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219 22302 Lannion Cedex France
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion; Rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219 22302 Lannion Cedex France
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Ding BW, Naumov P, Liu YJ. Mechanistic insight into marine bioluminescence: photochemistry of the chemiexcited Cypridina (sea firefly) lumophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 11:591-9. [PMID: 26580916 DOI: 10.1021/ct5009203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cypridina hilgendorfii (sea firefly) is a bioluminescent crustacean whose bioluminescence (BL) reaction is archetypal for a number of marine organisms, notably other bioluminescent crustaceans and coelenterates. Unraveling the mechanism of its BL is paramount for future applications of its strongly emissive lumophore. Cypridina produces light in a three-step reaction: First, the cypridinid luciferin is activated by an enzyme to produce a peroxide intermediate, cypridinid dioxetanone (CDO), which then decomposes to generate excited oxyluciferin (OxyCLnH*). Finally, OxyCLnH* deexcites to its ground state along with emission of bright blue light. Unfortunately, the detailed mechanism of the critical step, the thermolysis of CDO, remains unknown, and it is unclear whether the light emitter is generated from a neutral form (CDOH) or anionic form (CDO(-)) of the CDO precursor. In this work, we investigated the key step in the process by modeling the thermal decompositions of both CDOH and CDO(-). The calculated results indicate that the decomposition of CDO(-) occurs via the gradually reversible charge transfer (CT)-initiated luminescence (GRCTIL) mechanism, whereas CDOH decomposes through an entropic trapping mechanism without an obvious CT process. The thermolysis of CDO(-) is sensitive to solvent effects and is energetically favorable in polar environments compared with the thermolysis of CDOH. The thermolysis of CDO(-) produces the excited oxyluciferin anion (OxyCLn(-)*), which combines with a proton from the environment to form OxyCLnH*, the actual light emitter for the natural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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