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Chen H, Tang Z, Yang Y, Hao Y, Chen W. Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes. Molecules 2024; 29:2521. [PMID: 38893396 PMCID: PMC11173890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the research of photoswitchable probes. These probes undergo reversible structural and electronic changes upon light exposure, thus exhibiting vast potential in molecular detection, biological imaging, material science, and information storage. Through precisely engineered molecular structures, the photoswitchable probes can toggle between "on" and "off" states at specific wavelengths, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of targeted analytes. This review systematically presents photoswitchable fluorescent and colorimetric probes built on various molecular photoswitches, primarily focusing on the types involving photoswitching in their detection and/or signal response processes. It begins with an analysis of various molecular photoswitches, including their photophysical properties, photoisomerization and photochromic mechanisms, and fundamental design concepts for constructing photoswitchable probes. The article then elaborates on the applications of these probes in detecting diverse targets, including cations, anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules. Finally, it offers perspectives on the current state and future development of photoswitchable probes. This review aims to provide a clear introduction for researchers in the field and guidance for the design and application of new, efficient fluorescent and colorimetric probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yewen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Bai E, Cao X, Wang J, Qi J, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yoon J. Future-Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches: From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108289. [PMID: 34866257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus-responsive materials. During the past few decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly-based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Enying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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Liu P, Han XF, Wu WN, Wang Y, Fan YC, Zhao XL, Xu ZH. A water soluble hydrazone probe for subsequent fluorescent detection of Zn2+ and S2− in neat aqueous solution and imaging in mitochondria of living cells. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dhawan S, Devnani H, Babu J, Singh H, Haider MA, Khan TS, Ingole PP, Haridas V. Supersensitive Detection of Anions in Pure Organic and Aqueous Media by Amino Acid Conjugated Ellman's Reagent. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2453-2464. [PMID: 35014364 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades witnessed a remarkable advancement in the field of molecular anion receptors. A variety of anion binding motifs have been discovered, and large number of designer molecular anion receptors with high selectivity are being reported. However, anion detection in an aqueous medium is still a formidable challenge as evident from only a miniscule of synthetic systems available in the literature. We, herein, report 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent) appended with amino acids as supersensitive anion sensors that can detect F- and H2PO4- ions in both aqueous as well as organic media. Interestingly, the sensors showed a dual response to anions, viz., chromogenic response in organic medium and electrochemical response in aqueous solutions. Various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis and 1H NMR are used to investigate the binding studies in acetonitrile, whereas electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are employed to explore the anion binding in water. The host-guest complex stoichiometry and binding constants are calculated using the BindFit software. The geometry of host-guest complex has been optimized by the density functional theory (DFT) method. These molecules are versatile sensors since these function in both water and acetonitrile with extremely low limit of detection (LOD) up to 0.07 fM and limit of quantification (LOQ) up to 0.23 fM. To our knowledge, the present system is the first example of a sensor that can detect the lowest concentration of anions in water quantitatively. The minimalistic design strategy presented here opens up the innumerable possibilities for designing dual anion sensors in a one fell swoop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Harsha Devnani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jisha Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - M Ali Haider
- Renewable Energy and Chemicals Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tuhin S Khan
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Xia X, Zhang D, Fan C, Pu S. Naked‐eye detection of Cu (II) and Fe (III) based on a Schiff Base Ruthenium complex with nicotinohydrazide. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Xia
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Daobin Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Congbin Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
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Amini A, Rahimi M, Behmadi H, Nazari M, Benson V, Cheng C, Samali B. 2,6-Pyridinedicarbohydrazide-Salicylal hydrazone-base derivative with High detection limit and binding Constant for emissive ion chemosensing in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Suman G, Bubbly S, Gudennavar S, Gayathri V. Benzimidazole and benzothiazole conjugated Schiff base as fluorescent sensors for Al3+ and Zn2+. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Dey S, Pal K, Jana K, Sinha C. Effect of ‐OMe Substituent on Salicylaldehyde Schiff Base to Influence the Zn
2+
Sensitivity and the Cancer Cell Line Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Dey
- Department of ChemstryJadavpur University Kolkata- 700 032 India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologyJadavpur University Kolkata- 700032 India
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Centre for Translational ResearchBose Institute Kolkata- 700056 India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Centre for Translational ResearchBose Institute Kolkata- 700056 India
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Wang Z, Cui S, Qiu S, Zhang Z, Pu S. A highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for Zn 2+ based on diarylethene with an imidazole unit. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 205:21-28. [PMID: 30007898 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new sensitive sensor for Zn2+ based on diarylethene with an imidazole unit has been synthesized. Its photochromic and fluorescent behaviors have been systematically investigated by the stimulation of UV/vis lights and Zn2+ ion in THF solution. It displayed a dual-mode with a "turn on" fluorescence and color response to Zn2+. With the addition of Zn2+, the emission intensity enhanced 26-fold, accompanied by the fluorescent color changed from dark red to bright yellow. The 1:1 stoichiometry between the sensor and Zn2+ was verified by Job's plot and MS. The LOD for Zn2+ was determined to be 6.12 × 10-9 mol L-1. Furthermore, a logic circuit was designed by using the fluorescence at 578 nm as output and the combinational stimuli of UV/vis and Zn2+/EDTA as inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Shouyu Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
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Klamm BE, Windorff CJ, Celis-Barros C, Marsh ML, Meeker DS, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Experimental and Theoretical Comparison of Transition-Metal and Actinide Tetravalent Schiff Base Coordination Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15389-15398. [PMID: 30500182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of homoleptic tetravalent transition-metal and actinide Schiff-base coordination complexes, ML2 {M = Zr, Hf, Th, U; L = N, N'-bis[(4,4'-diethylamino)salicylidene]-1,2-phenylenediamine}, have been synthesized that feature a rigid phenyl backbone. These complexes create the opportunity for comparing a series of complexes containing metal cations in the formal IV+ oxidation state by structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical analysis that also incorporate the previously reported Ce(IV) and Pu(IV) analogues. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that all complexes are isomorphous and feature a co-facial ligand geometry. TD-DFT and other quantum mechanical methods were used to explore bonding differences across between the complexes, and resulting calculated absorbance spectra for ML2 are in good agreement with the experimental data. The computational results also suggest that U(IV) and Pu(IV) analogs have more covalent character in their bonding than found with the other metal cations reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E Klamm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Matthew L Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - David S Meeker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
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Erdemir S, Tabakci B. Selective and Sensitive Fluorescein-Benzothiazole Based Fluorescent Sensor for Zn 2+ Ion in Aqueous Media. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:2145-2152. [PMID: 28913750 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient fluorescent sensor based on fluorescein-benzothiazole (FB) for Zn2+ ion was synthesized and characterized systematically. FB exhibited selective and sensitive recognition toward Zn2+ in MeCN-H2O (v/v = 2/1) over other cations due to the spirolactam ring-opening power of Zn2+. The complexation property of FB with Zn2+ ion was examined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR experiments. The stoichiometric ratio of the FB-Zn2+ complex was determined from a Job plot to be 1:1. The binding constant (K a) of Zn2+ binding to FB was found to be 4.22 × 104 M- 1, with a detection limit of 5.64 μM. In addition, the practical utility of FB was explored in the form of test strips. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdemir
- Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, 42031.
| | - Begum Tabakci
- Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, 42031
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Feng E, Tu Y, Fan C, Liu G, Pu S. A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+based on a diarylethene derivative. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising photochromic fluorescent chemosensor1olinked with Schiff base unit was synthesized and the sensitivity test of1otoward Zn2+has been performed with detection limit up to 8.10 × 10−8M without any interference from Cd2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erting Feng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Congbin Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
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