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Tahir M, Aftab H, Shafiq I, Khalid M, Haq S, El-Kott AF, Zein MA, Hani U, Shafiq Z. Synthesis, characterization and NLO properties of 1,4-phenylenediamine-based Schiff bases: a combined theoretical and experimental approach. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4221-4229. [PMID: 38292270 PMCID: PMC10826287 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, three novel 1,4-phenylenediamine-based chromophores (3a-3c) were synthesized and characterized and then their nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics were explored theoretically. The characterization was done by spectroscopic analysis, i.e. FT-IR, UV-Visible, and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Notably, these chromophores exhibited UV-Visible absorption within the range of 378.635-384.757 nm in acetonitrile solvent. Additionally, the FMO findings for 3a-3c revealed the narrowest band gap (4.129 eV) for 3c. The GRPs for these chromophores were derived from HOMO-LUMO energy values, which showed correspondence with FMO results by depicting a minimum hardness (2.065 eV) for 3c. Among these compounds, 3c displayed the highest nonlinear behavior with maximum μtot, βtot and γtot values of 4.79 D, 8.00 × 10-30 and 8.13 × 10-34 a.u., respectively. Our findings disclosed that the synthesized 1,4-phenylenediamine chromophores may be considered promising candidates for nonlinear optical materials, showing potential applications in the realm of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Hina Aftab
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Saadia Haq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdellatif Zein
- Chemistry Department, University College of AlWajh, University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University Egypt
| | - Umme Hani
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
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Arshad M, Arshad S, Majeed MK, Frueh J, Chang C, Bilal I, Niaz SI, Khan MS, Tariq MA, Yasir Mehboob M. Transition Metal-Decorated Mg 12O 12 Nanoclusters as Biosensors and Efficient Drug Carriers for the Metformin Anticancer Drug. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11318-11325. [PMID: 37008110 PMCID: PMC10061506 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug carriers have been designed and investigated remarkably due to their effective use in the modern medication process. In this study, the decoration of the Mg12O12 nanocluster has been done with transition metals (Ni and Zn) for effective adsorption of metformin (anticancer drug). Decoration of Ni and Zn on a nanocluster allows two geometries, and similarly, the adsorption of metformin also provides two geometries. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory have been employed at the B3LYP with 6-311G(d,p) level. The decoration of Ni and Zn offers good attachment and detachment of the drug, which is observed from their good adsorption energy values. Further, the reduction in the energy band gap is noted in the metformin-adsorbed nanocluster, which allows high charge transfer from a lower energy level to a high energy level. The drug carrier systems show an efficient working mechanism in a water solvent with the visible-light absorption range. Natural bonding orbital and dipole moment values suggested that the adsorption of the metformin causes charge separation in these systems. Moreover, low values of chemical softness with a high electrophilic index recommended that these systems are naturally stable with the least reactivity. Thus, we offer novel kinds of Ni- and Zn-decorated Mg12O12 nanoclusters as efficient carriers for metformin and also recommend them to experimentalists for the future development of drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, 29050 Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Arshad
- University
College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health
Sciences, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K. Majeed
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington 76019, Texas, United States
| | - Johannes Frueh
- Tomsk
Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Institute
of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chun Chang
- College of
Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian
University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, China
| | - Ibtsam Bilal
- Faculty
of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab 56300, Pakistan
| | - Shah Iram Niaz
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, 29050 Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Sulaiman
Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in
Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Yasir Mehboob
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab 56300, Pakistan
- . Tel.: +92-303-8670504
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Muhammad Asif Iqbal M, Arshad M, Yasir Mehboob M, Shahzeb Khan M, Piracha S. Designing efficient A-D-A 1-D-A type fullerene free acceptor molecules with enhanced power conversion efficiency for solar cell applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121844. [PMID: 36095855 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of highly efficient power conversion efficiency (PCE) is a big concern for non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs) because PCE can depend on numerous variables. Here, new five novel acceptor molecules without fullerenes were developed and investigated using DFT (density functional theory) and TD-DFT (time dependent-density functional theory). Compared to the recently synthesized molecule (PZ-dIDTC6), the developed molecules display a narrow optical band gap, exhibiting a red shift in the absorption spectrum. The developed molecules (YM1-YM5) express high mobility of electrons and holes in the active layer of OSCs (organic solar cells). In addition, high open-circuit voltage (Voc) values with maximum charge density shifting are noted in designed molecules. YM1-YM5 is also associated with low binding energy and excitation energy. This work proves that noncovalent conformational locking is favourable for improving PCE devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yatsen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sanwal Piracha
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
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High electron mobility due to extra π-conjugation in the end-capped units of non-fullerene acceptor molecules: a DFT/TD-DFT-based prediction. J Mol Model 2022; 28:278. [PMID: 36028595 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A combination of high open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) typically creates effective organic solar cells (OSCs). To enhance the open-circuit voltage, we have designed three new fullerene-free acceptor molecules with elongated π-conjugation in the end-capped units. Y-series-based newly designed molecules (CPSS-4F, CPSS-4Cl, CPSS-4CN) exhibited a narrow energy bandgap with high electron mobility. Red shift in the absorption spectrum with high intensities is also noted for designed molecules. Low binding and excitation energies of designed molecules favor easy excitation of exciton in the excited state. Further, CPSS-4F, CPSS-4Cl, and CPSS-4CN exhibited better open-circuit voltage with favorable molecular orbitals contributions. Transition density analysis (TDM) was also performed to locate the total transitions in the designed molecules. Outcomes of all analyses suggested that designed molecules are effective contributors to the active layer of organic solar cells.
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Theoretical designing of selenium heterocyclic non-fullerene acceptors with enhanced power conversion efficiency for organic solar cells: a DFT/TD-DFT-based prediction and understanding. J Mol Model 2022; 28:228. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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