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Ormazábal-Toledo R, Rezende MC, Vidal M. The Simulation of Solvent Polarizabilities and Dipolarities with Polarizable Continuum Model. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:7208-7218. [PMID: 38989920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability of polarizable continuum models (PCM) to simulate nonspecific solvent effects (dipolarity and polarizability) was evaluated by calculating the transition energies of 1,1,10,10-tetrabutyldecanonaene (ttbp9) and 2-N,N-dimethylamino-7-nitrofluorene (DMANF), basis of Catalán's polarizability (SP) and dipolarity (SdP) solvent scales, respectively. Time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed at different levels of theory, employing four basis sets in 10 different solvents, covering the full range of the normalized SP and SdP scales. Transition energies were calculated using linear response (LR) and corrected linear response (cLR2) schemes. Although these methods yielded variable mean absolute errors, the LR-PCM calculations reproduced medium polarizability and dipolarity trends. While calculated ttbp9 transition energies correlated with SP and Laurence's dispersion-induced (DI) scales, the DMANF transition energies correlated poorly with SdP or Laurence's ES dipolarity scales. This result agrees with the fact that DMANF solvatochromism is "contaminated" by solvent polarizability and HB acidity. The incorporation of SP or DI contributions led to much better (r2 > 0.95) correlations with the DMANF-calculated transitions. The results offer a clearer picture of the limitations of continuum models in simulating the behavior of solvatochromic dyes in solution by pointing out their poor performance when specific solvent effects, such as hydrogen-bond interactions, play a significant role in their solvatochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ormazábal-Toledo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Casilla 233, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Marcos Caroli Rezende
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Matías Vidal
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago 9160000, Chile
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Verma P, Rosspeintner A, Kumpulainen T. Propyl acetate/butyronitrile mixture is ideally suited for investigating the effect of dielectric stabilization on (photo)chemical reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23682-23689. [PMID: 35517311 PMCID: PMC9054732 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04525j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of propyl acetate/butyronitrile (PA/BuCN) mixtures by various spectroscopic techniques is described. The neat solvents have identical viscosities and refractive indices but their dielectric constants differ significantly. Detailed solvatochromic and titration data show that the mixtures do not exhibit specific solute-solvent interactions or significant dielectric enrichment effects. Therefore, the mixtures are ideally suited for investigating the effect of dielectric stabilization on (photo)chemical reactions. Dynamic Stokes shift experiments performed on two push-pull probes demonstrate that the solvation dynamics are significantly decelerated in the mixtures as compared to the neat solvents. Therefore, the mixtures allow for varying both the extent and time scale of the dielectric stabilization in a predictable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland +41 22 379 6518 +41 22 379 6530
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland +41 22 379 6518 +41 22 379 6530
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland +41 22 379 6518 +41 22 379 6530
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3
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Binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide with methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol as solvent: Solvatochromism and chemical kinetics study. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Gazitúa M, Tapia RA, Contreras R, Campodónico PR. Effect of the nature of the nucleophile and solvent on an SNAr reaction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride toward propylamine was kinetically evaluated in 19 organic solvents and 10 ionic liquids as reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gazitúa
- Centro de Química Médica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Renato Contreras
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Paola R. Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
- Santiago
- Chile
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Sánchez B, Calderón C, Garrido C, Contreras R, Campodónico PR. Solvent effect on a model SNAr reaction in ionic liquid/water mixtures at different compositions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biphasic behavior observed on the reaction rate of a model SNAr reaction in ionic liquid/water mixtures was explained by preferential solvation effects in water rich mixtures, and an anion effect in mixtures with high ionic liquid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sánchez
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Cristian Calderón
- Centro de Química Médica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
- Santiago 7710162
- Chile
| | - Constanza Garrido
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Renato Contreras
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Paola R. Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
- Santiago 7710162
- Chile
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Valvi A, Tiwari S. Concentration-dependent solvent effect on the SNAr reaction between 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and morpholine. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Valvi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai India
| | - Shraeddha Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai India
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Alarcón-Espósito J, Tapia RA, Contreras R, Campodónico PR. Changes in the SNAr reaction mechanism brought about by preferential solvation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20779g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For model SNAr reactions in mixtures of acetonitrile and water, we found preferential solvation in favor of the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Renato Contreras
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Casilla 653-Santiago
- Chile
| | - Paola R. Campodónico
- Centro de Química Médica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Clínica Alemana
- Universidad del Desarrollo
- Santiago
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Nunes N, Elvas-Leitão R, Martins F. UV-Vis spectroscopic study of preferential solvation and intermolecular interactions in methanol/1-propanol/acetonitrile by means of solvatochromic probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 124:470-479. [PMID: 24508885 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Solvatochromic UV-Vis shifts of four indicators (4-nitroaniline, 4-nitroanisole, 4-nitrophenol and N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline) have been measured at 298.15K in the ternary mixture methanol/1-propanol/acetonitrile (MeOH/1-PrOH/MeCN) in a total of 22 mole fractions, along with 18 additional mole fractions for each of the corresponding binary mixtures, MeOH/1-PrOH, 1-PrOH/MeCN and MeOH/MeCN. These values, combined with our previous experimental results for 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)phenolate (Reichardt's betaine dye) in the same mixtures, permitted the computation of the Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters, α, β, and π(*). The rationalization of the spectroscopic behavior of each probe within each mixture's whole mole fraction range was achieved through the use of the Bosch and Rosés preferential solvation model. The applied model allowed the identification of synergistic behaviors in MeCN/alcohol mixtures and thus to infer the existence of solvent complexes in solution. Also, the addition of small amounts of MeCN to the binary mixtures was seen to cause a significant variation in π(*), whereas the addition of alcohol to MeCN mixtures always lead to a sudden change in α and β. The behavior of these parameters in the ternary mixture was shown to be mainly determined by the contributions of the underlying binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélson Nunes
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ruben Elvas-Leitão
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Ormazábal-Toledo R, Contreras R, Tapia RA, Campodónico PR. Specific nucleophile–electrophile interactions in nucleophilic aromatic substitutions. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2302-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Harifi-Mood AR, Rahmati M, Gholami MR. Solvent polarity and hydrogen bond effects on nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-bromo-5-nitrothiophene with piperidine. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Nudelman NS, Alvaro CES. Inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in polyamines: variable-concentration 1
H-NMR studies. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Alvaro CES, Ayala AD, Nudelman NS. Hydrogen-bonded nucleophile effects in ANS: the reactions of 1-chloro and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with 2-guanidinobenzimidazole, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine andN-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine in aprotic solvents. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alvaro CES, Nudelman NS. The “dimer nucleophile mechanism” for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results. INT J CHEM KINET 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Asghar BHM, Fathalla MF, Hamed EA. Solvent and substituent effects on the reaction of 2- and 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluorides with substituted anilines. INT J CHEM KINET 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Nunes N, Ventura C, Martins F. Modeling Preferential Solvation in Ternary Solvent Systems. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:3071-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804157b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nélson Nunes
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1900-014 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, Alameda das Linhas de Torres 179, 1750 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ventura
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1900-014 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, Alameda das Linhas de Torres 179, 1750 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1900-014 Lisboa, Portugal, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, Alameda das Linhas de Torres 179, 1750 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ford JW, Janakat ME, Lu J, Liotta CL, Eckert CA. Local Polarity in CO2-Expanded Acetonitrile: A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction and Solvatochromic Probes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3364-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson W. Ford
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Malina E. Janakat
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Jie Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Charles A. Eckert
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
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Butterfield SM, Rebek J. A cavitand stabilizes the Meisenheimer complex of SNAr reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1605-7. [PMID: 17530074 DOI: 10.1039/b700319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A deep cavitand binds amine nucleophiles and accelerates their subsequent S(N)Ar reactions by solvating the intermediate Meisenheimer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Butterfield
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and The Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, MB-26, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Harifi-Mood AR, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Gholami MR. Solvent effects on kinetics of the reaction between 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine and aniline in aqueous and alcoholic solutions of [bmim]BF4. INT J CHEM KINET 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Herodes K, Leito I, Koppel J, Reichardt C, Koppel IA. UV-Vis spectroscopic study of the hydrophilic and solvatochromic 4-[2,6-diphenyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)pyridinium-1-yl]-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenolate betaine dye in aqueous tetra-n-butylammonium bromide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Alvaro CES, Nudelman NS. Role of hydrogen-bonded nucleophiles in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions in aprotic solvents. reactions of halonitrobenzenes with ethylenediamine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine and histamine in toluene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mancini PM, Fortunato GG, Vottero LR. A mechanistic viewpoint of the reaction between 1-fluoro-2,6-dinitrobenzene and alicyclic amines in the ethyl acetate-chloroform system. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mancini PM, Fortunato GG, Vottero LR. Kinetics of the reactions between 1-fluoro-2,6-dinitrobenzene and pyrrolidine and piperidine in binary solvent systems: Influence of the nucleophile structure. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Herodes K, Koppel J, Reichardt C, Koppel IA. UV-visible spectroscopic study of the hydrophilic and solvatochromic 4-[2,6-diphenyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)pyridinium-1-yl]-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenolate betaine dye in eight binary solvent mixtures. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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