1
|
Bormann N, Ward JS, Bergmann AK, Wenz P, Rissanen K, Gong Y, Hatz WB, Burbaum A, Mulks FF. Diiminium Nucleophile Adducts Are Stable and Convenient Strong Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302089. [PMID: 37427889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for manifold chemical procedures, but their scalable deployment is limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report a scalable, convenient, and inexpensive synthesis of stable diiminium-based reagents with a Lewis acidic carbon centre. Coordination with pyridine donors stabilises these centres; the 2,2'-bipyridine adduct shows a chelation effect at carbon. Due to high fluoride, hydride, and oxide affinities, the diiminium pyridine adducts are promising soft and hard Lewis acids. They effectively produce acylpyridinium salts from carboxylates that can acylate amines to give amides and imides even from electronically intractable coupling partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bormann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ann Kathrin Bergmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paula Wenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf-Benedikt Hatz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Burbaum
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haketa Y, Yamasumi K, Maeda H. π-Electronic ion pairs: building blocks for supramolecular nanoarchitectonics viaiπ- iπ interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7170-7196. [PMID: 37795542 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pairing of charged π-electronic systems and their ordered arrangement have been achieved by iπ-iπ interactions that are derived from synergetically worked electrostatic and dispersion forces. Charged π-electronic systems that provide ion pairs as building blocks for assemblies have been prepared by diverse strategies for introducing charge in the core π-electronic systems. One method to prepare charged π-electronic systems is the use of covalent bonding that makes π-electronic ions and valence-mismatched metal complexes as well as protonated and deprotonated states. Noncovalent ion complexation is another method used to create π-electronic ions, particularly for anion binding, producing negatively charged π-electronic systems. Charged π-electronic systems afford various ion pairs, consisting of both cationic and anionic π-systems, depending on their combinations. Geometries and electronic states of the constituents in π-electronic ion pairs affect the photophysical properties and assembling modes. Recent progress in π-electronic ion pairs has revealed intriguing characteristics, including the transformation into radical pairs through electron transfer and the magnetic properties influenced by the countercations. Furthermore, the assembly states exhibit diversity as observed in crystals and soft materials including liquid-crystal mesophases. While the chemistry of ion pairs (salts) is well-established, the field of π-electronic ion pairs is relatively new; however, it holds great promise for future applications in novel materials and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mechanisms of circumambulatory rearrangements of 5-halogeno-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethoxycarbonylcyclopentadienes. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
4
|
Komatsu K, Kitagawa T. Cyclopropenylium cations, cyclopropenones, and heteroanalogues-recent advances. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1371-427. [PMID: 12683786 DOI: 10.1021/cr010011q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Komatsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kitagawa T, Takeuchi K. Monofunctionalized C60Ions: Their Generation, Stability, and Reactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
6
|
Kitagawa T, Tanaka T, Murakita H, Nishikawa A, Takeuchi K. Reaction of cyclopropenylium ions with the tert-butyl-C60 anion: carbocation–carbanion coordination vs salt formation. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Kitagawa T, Takeuchi K. Structural dependence of heterolytic bond dissociation energy of carbon–carbon σ bonds in hydrocarbons. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199803)11:3<157::aid-poc994>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Kitagawa
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐01, Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Takeuchi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐01, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ionic Dissociation of Carbon—Carbon σ Bonds in Hydrocarbons and the Formation of Authentic Hydrocarbon Salts. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|