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Rojas-Rodriguez M, Rico-Martínez S, Prádanos P, Álvarez C, Alexandrova L, Lee YM, Lozano ÁE, Aguilar-Lugo C. Thermally Rearranged (TR) Polybenzoxazoles from o-Substituted Precursor Polyimides with Phenyl Pendant Groups: Synthesis, Properties, and Thermal Rearrangement Conditions. Macromolecules 2024; 57:8187-8201. [PMID: 39219805 PMCID: PMC11363616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A series of polyimides (PIs) was synthesized from 6FDA and two o-OH substituted diamines having bulky pendant phenyl, Ph, and trifluoromethyl, CF3, groups as precursors for thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole, TR-PBO, membranes. One diamine had two pendant Ph substituents; in the other, the substituents were Ph and CF3. Applying azeotropic and chemical cyclizations allowed the obtention of four o-hydroxy (o-OH) or/and o-acetoxy (o-OAc) substituted PIs depending on the imidization method. The PIs were labeled as 3Ph-OH, 4Ph-OH, or 3Ph-OAc and 4PH-OAc, respectively. Thermal rearrangements of all four precursors were investigated in the interval from 350 to 450 °C. The conversions to TR-PBO increased with temperature, and almost quantitative conversions were obtained at temperatures close to 450 °C, although o-OH substituted PIs reached conversions slightly higher than those of o-OAc PIs at a given temperature. The TR-polymers' fractional free volume (FFV) also increased with conversion but was higher for the o-OAc substituted precursors. Despite the high TR-PBO conversions, self-supported uniform TR membranes with reasonable mechanical properties were obtained, except for 4Ph-OH. Gas separation behavior of the membranes significantly improved after the thermal treatment, and the final CO2/CH4 permselectivities lay between the 1991 and 2008 Robeson upper bounds. Particularly, TR-membranes derived from o-OAc precursors and with pendant CF3 group demonstrated better gas transport properties with values of P (CO2) = 1121 barrer and αCO2/CH4 = 29 for 3Ph-OAc derived membrane, which positioned it beyond the 2008 upper limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rojas-Rodriguez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rico-Martínez
- Instituto
Universitario CINQUIMA, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 5, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- SMAP, Associated
Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Álvarez
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Larissa Alexandrova
- Instituto
de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Young Moo Lee
- Department
of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ángel E. Lozano
- Instituto
Universitario CINQUIMA, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 5, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- SMAP, Associated
Research Unit to CSIC, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Aguilar-Lugo
- Instituto
de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Rahmanzadeh A, AL-Hamdani N, Favvas EP, De Luca G. Insights into Cis-Amide-Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Selective Purification of CH 4 and H 2 from Gas Mixtures: A Comparative DFT Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3588. [PMID: 39063880 PMCID: PMC11279001 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Among a plethora of mixtures, the methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) mixture has garnered considerable attention for multiple reasons, especially in the framework of energy production and industrial processes as well as ecological considerations. Despite the fact that the CH4/H2 mixture performs many critical tasks, the presence of other gases, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds like H2S, and water vapor, leads to many undesirable consequences. Thus purification of this mixture from these gases assumes considerable relevance. In the current research, first-principle calculations in the frame of density functional theory are carried out to propose a new functional group for vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) interacting preferentially with polar molecules rather than CH4 and H2 in order to obtain a more efficient methane and hydrogen separations The binding energies associated with the interactions between several chemical groups and target gases were calculated first, and then a functional group formed by a modified ethylene glycol and acetyl amide was selected. This functional group was attached to the CNT edge with an appropriate diameter, and hence the binding energies with the target gases and steric hindrance were evaluated. The binding energy of the most polar molecule (H2O) was found to be more than six times higher than that of H2, indicating a significant enhancement of the nanotube tip's affinity toward polar gases. Thus, this functionalization is beneficial for enhancing the capability of highly packed functionalized VA-CNT membranes to purify CH4/H2 gas mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atyeh Rahmanzadeh
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Nasser AL-Hamdani
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 17/c, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Evangelos P. Favvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giorgio De Luca
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 17/c, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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3
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Cao Y, Taghvaie Nakhjiri A, Ghadiri M. Breakthrough applications of porous organic materials for membrane-based CO 2 separation: a review. Front Chem 2024; 12:1381898. [PMID: 38576848 PMCID: PMC10991746 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1381898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, porous organic materials (POMs) have been extensively employed in various industrial approaches including gas separation, catalysis and energy production due to possessing indisputable advantages like great surface area, high permeability, controllable pore size, appropriate functionalization and excellent processability compared to traditional substances like zeolites, Alumina and polymers. This review presents the recent breakthroughs in the multifunctional POMs for potential use in the membrane-based CO2 separation. Some examples of highly-selective membranes using multifunctional POMs are described. Moreover, various classifications of POMs following with their advantages and disadvantages in CO2 separation processes are explained. Apart from reviewing the state-of-the-art POMs in CO2 separation, the challenges/limitations of POMs with tailored structures for reasonable application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ali Taghvaie Nakhjiri
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghadiri
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- The Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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4
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Astorino C, De Nardo E, Lettieri S, Ferraro G, Pirri CF, Bocchini S. Advancements in Gas Separation for Energy Applications: Exploring the Potential of Polymer Membranes with Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM). MEMBRANES 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 38132907 PMCID: PMC10744731 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) are promising candidates for energy-efficient industrial gas separations, especially for the separation of carbon dioxide over methane (CO2/CH4) and carbon dioxide over nitrogen (CO2/N2) for natural gas/biogas upgrading and carbon capture from flue gases, respectively. Compared to other separation techniques, membrane separations offer potential energy and cost savings. Ultra-permeable PIM-based polymers are currently leading the trade-off between permeability and selectivity for gas separations, particularly in CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2. These membranes show a significant improvement in performance and fall within a linear correlation on benchmark Robeson plots, which are parallel to, but significantly above, the CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 Robeson upper bounds. This improvement is expected to enhance the credibility of polymer membranes for CO2 separations and stimulate further research in polymer science and applied engineering to develop membrane systems for these CO2 separations, which are critical to energy and environmental sustainability. This review aims to highlight the state-of-the-art strategies employed to enhance gas separation performances in PIM-based membranes while also mitigating aging effects. These strategies include chemical post-modification, crosslinking, UV and thermal treatment of PIM, as well as the incorporation of nanofillers in the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Astorino
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Eugenio De Nardo
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lettieri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Sergio Bocchini
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
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5
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Seo S, Kim T. Gas transport mechanisms through gas-permeable membranes in microfluidics: A perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061301. [PMID: 38025658 PMCID: PMC10656118 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas-permeable membranes (GPMs) and membrane-like micro-/nanostructures offer precise control over the transport of liquids, gases, and small molecules on microchips, which has led to the possibility of diverse applications, such as gas sensors, solution concentrators, and mixture separators. With the escalating demand for GPMs in microfluidics, this Perspective article aims to comprehensively categorize the transport mechanisms of gases through GPMs based on the penetrant type and the transport direction. We also provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in GPM-integrated microfluidic devices, provide an overview of the fundamental mechanisms underlying gas transport through GPMs, and present future perspectives on the integration of GPMs in microfluidics. Furthermore, we address the current challenges associated with GPMs and GPM-integrated microfluidic devices, taking into consideration the intrinsic material properties and capabilities of GPMs. By tackling these challenges head-on, we believe that our perspectives can catalyze innovative advancements and help meet the evolving demands of microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +82-52-217-2313. Fax: +82-52-217-2409
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6
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Lee TH, Balçık M, Lee BK, Ghanem BS, Pinnau I, Park HB. Hyperaging-induced H2-selective thin-film composite membranes with enhanced submicroporosity toward green hydrogen supply. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Guo H, Hu X, Wang Z, Yan J. Intrinsically Microporous Polyimides from p-Phenylenediamine with Fused Cyclopentyl Substituents for Membrane-based Gas Separation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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8
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Nazarov IV, Khrychikova AP, Medentseva EI, Bermesheva EV, Borisov IL, Yushkin AA, Volkov AV, Wozniak AI, Petukhov DI, Topchiy MA, Asachenko AF, Ren XK, Bermeshev MV. CO2-selective vinyl-addition polymers from nadimides: Synthesis and performance for membrane gas separation. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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9
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Zainuddin MIF, Ahmad AL, Shah Buddin MMH. Polydimethylsiloxane/Magnesium Oxide Nanosheet Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO 2 Separation Application. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13030337. [PMID: 36984724 PMCID: PMC10051079 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is now 50% higher than in the preindustrial period and efforts to reduce CO2 emission through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) are blooming. Membranes are one of the attractive alternatives for such application. In this study, a rubbery polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane is incorporated with magnesium oxide (MgO) with a hierarchically two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet shape for CO2 separation. The average thickness of the synthesized MgO nanosheet in this study is 35.3 ± 1.5 nm. Based on the pure gas separation performance, the optimal loading obtained is at 1 wt.% where there is no observable significant agglomeration. CO2 permeability was reduced from 2382 Barrer to 1929 Barrer while CO2/N2 selectivity increased from only 11.4 to 12.7, and CO2/CH4 remained relatively constant when the MMM was operated at 2 bar and 25 °C. Sedimentation of the filler was observed when the loading was further increased to 5 wt.%, forming interfacial defects on the bottom side of the membrane and causing increased CO2 gas permeability from 1929 Barrer to 2104 Barrer as compared to filler loading at 1 wt.%, whereas the CO2/N2 ideal selectivity increased from 12.1 to 15.0. Additionally, this study shows that there was no significant impact of pressure on separation performance. There was a linear decline of CO2 permeability with increasing upstream pressure while there were no changes to the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhd Izzudin Fikry Zainuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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10
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Ester-crosslinked Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Membranes with Enhanced Plasticization Resistance for CO2 Separation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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11
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Chehrazi E. Theoretical models for gas separation prediction of mixed matrix membranes: effects of the shape factor of nanofillers and interface voids. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a new model is developed by modifying the existing Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) model to predict the gas separation properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The new modified MWS model, for the first time, provides the simultaneous exploration of the role of nanofillers/matrix interface voids and the exact geometrical shape of nanofillers in predicting the gas separation properties of MMMs. To unveil the crucial role of nanofillers/matrix interface voids, a mixed matrix membrane is considered a three-component system composed of the polymer matrix as the continuous component, nanofillers as the dispersed component and the interface voids between the two components. Moreover, the new model elucidates the role of the exact ellipsoidal shape of nanofillers within the membrane on the gas separation of MMMs by considering the shape factor of nanofillers. The newly developed modified MWS model is accurately able to predict the gas permeation of MMMs with a lower average absolute relative error (%AARE) of around 8% compared with the around 30% for conventional models such as the Maxwell model, Bruggeman model, Lewis–Nielsen model and Pal model and even compared with the modified Maxwell model (∼24%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Chehrazi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran 1983969411 , Iran
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12
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Wang L, Li Y, Zhang P, Chen X, Nian P, Wei Y, Lu H, Gu X, Wang X. Thermally rearranged poly(benzoxazole-co-imide) composite membranes on α-Al2O3 support for helium extraction from natural gas. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Kang DY, Lee JS, Lin LC. X-ray Diffraction and Molecular Simulations in the Study of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Membrane Gas Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9441-9453. [PMID: 35881074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, researchers have been developing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the form of pure MOF membranes as well as MOF-containing mixed-matrix membranes. MOF membranes have been used for H2/CO2 or C3H6/C3H8 separation, but relatively few MOF membranes enable the high-performance separation of CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, or N2/CH4. This article describes the use of in situ XRD analysis and molecular simulation to elucidate gas transport within MOFs and derivative membranes at the molecular level. In a review of recent studies by the authors and other research groups, this article examines the flexibility of MOFs initiated by activation, gas adsorption, and aging effects during gas permeation. This article also discusses the application of XRD analysis in conjunction with computational methods to investigate the CO2-MOF Coulombic interaction and its effects on CO2 separation. Note that this combined analysis approach is also useful in studying the effects of linker rotation on N2/CH4 separation. This article also examines the use of computational tools in identifying new MOFs for gas separation and, more importantly, in elaborating the relationship between the structure of MOFs and their corresponding gas transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Yen Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Chiang Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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14
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Crosslinked thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole derived from phenolphthalein-based polyimide for gas separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Yin L, Li D, Guo H, Wang S, Zhang T, Liu Y, Gai F, Zhao X. High-performance carbonized ZIF-8-doped hybrid carbon molecular sieve membrane for CO2/N2 separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Feng Y, Chen S, Hua K, Li H, Jiang D, Sheng L, Zhao D, Ren J. High-performance gas separation membranes derived from thermal-oxidative block poly(benzoxazole-co-imide). Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Seo CH, Lim SW, Min HJ, Kim JH, Kim JH. Preparation of semi-alicyclic homo- and blended polyimide membranes using alicyclic dianhydrides with kink structures and their gas separation properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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The effect of chain rigidity and microstructure on gas separation performance of the cardo-based polyimides. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Mizrahi Rodriguez K, Wu WN, Alebrahim T, Cao Y, Freeman BD, Harrigan D, Jhalaria M, Kratochvil A, Kumar S, Lee WH, Lee YM, Lin H, Richardson JM, Song Q, Sundell B, Thür R, Vankelecom I, Wang A, Wang L, Wiscount C, Smith ZP. Multi-lab study on the pure-gas permeation of commercial polysulfone (PSf) membranes: Measurement standards and best practices. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Wu D, Lu H, Zhang X, Shen C, Lü T, Liu X, Yu S. Tailoring interfacially polymerized thin-film composite polyesteramide nanofiltration membranes based on carboxylated chitosan and trimesoyl chloride for salt separation. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Thermal rearrangement in thermal cascade reaction polymers via ortho-carbonate ester functionalization of polyimides and their gas separation performance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Liu M, Nothling MD, Zhang S, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Thin film composite membranes for postcombustion carbon capture: Polymers and beyond. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Mixed matrix membranes for post-combustion carbon capture: From materials design to membrane engineering. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Effect of structural isomerism on physical and gas transport properties of Tröger's Base-based polyimides. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Caliskan E, Shishatskiy S, Neumann S, Abetz V, Filiz V. Investigation of the Side Chain Effect on Gas and Water Vapor Transport Properties of Anthracene-Maleimide Based Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:119. [PMID: 35012141 PMCID: PMC8747615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a set of anthracene maleimide monomers with different aliphatic side groups obtained by Diels Alder reactions were used as precursors for a series of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) based homo- and copolymers that were successfully synthesized and characterized. Polymers with different sizes and shapes of aliphatic side groups were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), (nuclear magnetic resonance) 1H-NMR, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with Fourier-Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and density measurements. The TG-FTIR measurement of the monomer-containing methyl side group revealed that the maleimide group decomposes prior to the anthracene backbone. Thermal treatment of homopolymer methyl-100 thick film was conducted to establish retro-Diels Alder rearrangement of the homopolymer. Gas and water vapor transport properties of homopolymers and copolymers were investigated by time-lag measurements. Homopolymers with bulky side groups (i-propyl-100 and t-butyl-100) experienced a strong impact of these side groups in fractional free volume (FFV) and penetrant permeability, compared to the homopolymers with linear alkyl side chains. The effect of anthracene maleimide derivatives with a variety of aliphatic side groups on water vapor transport is discussed. The maleimide moiety increased the water affinity of the homopolymers. Phenyl-100 exhibited a high water solubility, which is related to a higher amount of aromatic rings in the polymer. Copolymers (methyl-50 and t-butyl-50) showed higher CO2 and CH4 permeability compared to PIM-1. In summary, the introduction of bulky substituents increased free volume and permeability whilst the maleimide moiety enhanced the water vapor affinity of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Caliskan
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (E.C.); (S.S.); (S.N.); (V.A.)
| | - Sergey Shishatskiy
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (E.C.); (S.S.); (S.N.); (V.A.)
| | - Silvio Neumann
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (E.C.); (S.S.); (S.N.); (V.A.)
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (E.C.); (S.S.); (S.N.); (V.A.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (E.C.); (S.S.); (S.N.); (V.A.)
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He L, Lu Y, Xiao G, Hou M, Chi H, Wang T. Phthalide-containing poly(ether-imide)s based thermal rearrangement membranes for gas separation application. RSC Adv 2021; 12:728-742. [PMID: 35425112 PMCID: PMC8978668 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamine monomer 3,3-bis[4-(3-hydroxy-4-amino-phenoxy)phenyl]phthalide (BHAPPP) was firstly synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenol and phenolphthalein, followed by a reduction reaction. A series of phthalide-containing poly(ether imide)s (PEI) were then prepared through the polycondensation of BHAPPP with six kinds of dianhydrides, including 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), as well as thermal imidization. After further thermal treatment, the corresponding thermal rearrangement (TR) membranes were obtained. Due to the existence of the phthalide lactone ring, the PEIs probably underwent TR and crosslinking simultaneously. With the increase of thermal treatment temperature, the mechanical properties of the TR membranes dramatically decreased, but the gas separation properties obviously increased. When the PEIs were treated at 450 °C for 1 h, the CO2, H2, O2, N2 and CH4 permeability of TR(BHAPPP-6FDA) reached 258.5, 190.5, 38.35, 4.25 and 2.15 Barrers, respectively. Meanwhile, the CO2/CH4 selectivity of 120.2 sharply exceeded the 2008 Robeson limit, and O2/N2 selectivity was 9.02, close to the 2015 upper limit. Therefore, the TR membranes derived from phthalide-containing PEIs exhibit superior gas separation performance, andare expected to be applied in the field of gas separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China
| | - Guoyong Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 P. R. China
| | - Haijun Chi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China
| | - Tonghua Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 P. R. China
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Lu Y, Hu X, Lee WH, Bae JY, Zhao J, Nie W, Wang Z, Yan J, Lee YM. Effects of bulky 2,2′-substituents in dianhydrides on the microstructures and gas transport properties of thermally rearranged polybenzoxazoles. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Seong JG, Lee WH, Lee J, Lee SY, Do YS, Bae JY, Moon SJ, Park CH, Jo HJ, Kim JS, Lee KR, Hung WS, Lai JY, Ren Y, Roos CJ, Lively RP, Lee YM. Microporous polymers with cascaded cavities for controlled transport of small gas molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9062. [PMID: 34586854 PMCID: PMC8480927 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In membrane-based separation, molecular size differences relative to membrane pore sizes govern mass flux and separation efficiency. In applications requiring complex molecular differentiation, such as in natural gas processing, cascaded pore size distributions in membranes allow different permeate molecules to be separated without a reduction in throughput. Here, we report the decoration of microporous polymer membrane surfaces with molecular fluorine. Molecular fluorine penetrates through the microporous interface and reacts with rigid polymeric backbones, resulting in membrane micropores with multimodal pore size distributions. The fluorine acts as angstrom-scale apertures that can be controlled for molecular transport. We achieved a highly effective gas separation performance in several industrially relevant hollow-fibrous modular platform with stable responses over 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geun Seong
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jongmyeong Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yu Seong Do
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Joon Yong Bae
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Moon
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 33, Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jo
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ju Sung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kueir-Rarn Lee
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Song Hung
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Conrad J. Roos
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ryan P. Lively
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Young Moo Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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Cao Y, Khan A, Nakhjiri AT, Albadarin AB, Kurniawan TA, Rezakazemi M. Recent advancements in molecular separation of gases using microporous membrane systems: A comprehensive review on the applied liquid absorbents. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Ling H, Jin J. Improved synthesis route and performance of azide modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity after thermal self-crosslinking. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alentiev A, Chirkov S, Nikiforov R, Buzin M, Miloserdov O, Ryzhikh V, Belov N, Shaposhnikova V, Salazkin S. Structure-Property Relationship on the Example of Gas Separation Characteristics of Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone)s and Poly(Diphenylene Phtalide). MEMBRANES 2021; 11:677. [PMID: 34564494 PMCID: PMC8465416 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with propylidene (C1, C2) and phtalide (C3) fragments, and one phtalide-containing polyarylene (C4), were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed via 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The polymers have shown a high glass transition temperature (>155 °C), excellent film-forming properties, and a high free volume for this polymer type. The influence of various functional groups in the structure of PAEKs was evaluated. Expectedly, due to higher free volume the introduction of hexafluoropropylidene group to PAEK resulted in higher increase of gas permeability in comparison with propylidene group. The substitution of the fluorine-containing group on a rigid phtalide moiety (C3) significantly increases glass transition temperature of the polymer while gas permeation slightly decreases. Finally, the removal of two ether groups from PAEK structure (C4) leads to a rigid polymer chain that is characterized by highest free volume, gas permeability and diffusion coefficients among the PAEKs under investigation. Methods of modified atomic (MAC) and bond (BC) contributions were applied to estimate gas permeation and diffusion. Both techniques showed reasonable predicted parameters for three polymers while a significant underestimation of gas transport parameters was observed for C4. Gas solubility coefficients for PAEKs were forecasted by "Short polymer chain surface based pre-diction" (SPCSBP) method. Results for all three prediction methods were compared with the ex-perimental data obtained in this work. Predicted parameters were in good agreement with ex-perimental data for phtalide-containing polymers (C3 and C4) while for propylidene-containing poly(arylene ether ketone)s they were overestimated due to a possible influence of propylidene fragment on indices of oligomeric chains. MAC and BC methods demonstrated better prediction power than SPCSBP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Alentiev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.C.); (R.N.); (V.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Sergey Chirkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.C.); (R.N.); (V.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Roman Nikiforov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.C.); (R.N.); (V.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Mikhail Buzin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (V.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Oleg Miloserdov
- V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (ICS RAS), 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria Ryzhikh
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.C.); (R.N.); (V.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nikolay Belov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.C.); (R.N.); (V.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Vera Shaposhnikova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (V.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Salazkin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (V.S.); (S.S.)
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Thermally rearranged semi-interpenetrating polymer network (TR-SIPN) membranes for gas and olefin/paraffin separation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Recent Developments in High-Performance Membranes for CO 2 Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020156. [PMID: 33672335 PMCID: PMC7926567 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective article, we provide a detailed outlook on recent developments of high-performance membranes used in CO2 separation applications. A wide range of membrane materials including polymers of intrinsic microporosity, thermally rearranged polymers, metal–organic framework membranes, poly ionic liquid membranes, and facilitated transport membranes were surveyed from the recent literature. In addition, mixed matrix and polymer blend membranes were covered. The CO2 separation performance, as well as other membrane properties such as film flexibility, processibility, aging, and plasticization, were analyzed.
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Farnam M, bin Mukhtar H, bin Mohd Shariff A. A Review on Glassy and Rubbery Polymeric Membranes for Natural Gas Purification. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Farnam
- Polymer Engineering Division Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hilmi bin Mukhtar
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Azmi bin Mohd Shariff
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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Amusa AA, Ahmad AL, Adewole JK. Mechanism and Compatibility of Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass and Polymeric Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E370. [PMID: 33255866 PMCID: PMC7760533 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a review of the compatibility of polymeric membranes with lignocellulosic biomass is presented. The structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass which could enhance membrane fabrications are considered. However, strong cell walls and interchain hindrances have limited the commercial-scale applications of raw lignocellulosic biomasses. These shortcomings can be surpassed to improve lignocellulosic biomass applications by using the proposed pretreatment methods, including physical and chemical methods, before incorporation into a single-polymer or copolymer matrix. It is imperative to understand the characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass and polymeric membranes, as well as to investigate membrane materials and how the separation performance of polymeric membranes containing lignocellulosic biomass can be influenced. Hence, lignocellulosic biomass and polymer modification and interfacial morphology improvement become necessary in producing mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In general, the present study has shown that future membrane generations could attain high performance, e.g., CO2 separation using MMMs containing pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses with reachable hydroxyl group radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Abdulhameed Amusa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Jimoh Kayode Adewole
- Process Engineering Department, International Maritime College, Sohar 322, Oman;
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