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Xu Z, Delgado S, Atanasov V, Morawietz T, Gago AS, Friedrich KA. Novel Pyrrolidinium-Functionalized Styrene-b-ethylene-b-butylene-b-styrene Copolymer Based Anion Exchange Membrane with Flexible Spacers for Water Electrolysis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:328. [PMID: 36984715 PMCID: PMC10057012 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEM) are core components for alkaline electrochemical energy technologies, such as water electrolysis and fuel cells. They are regarded as promising alternatives for proton exchange membranes (PEM) due to the possibility of using platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts. However, their chemical stability and conductivity are still of great concern, which is appearing to be a major challenge for developing AEM-based energy systems. Herein, we highlight an AEM with styrene-b-ethylene-b-butylene-b-styrene copolymer (SEBS) as a backbone and pyrrolidinium or piperidinium functional groups tethered on flexible ethylene oxide spacer side-chains (SEBS-Py2O6). This membrane reached 27.8 mS cm-1 hydroxide ion conductivity at room temperature, which is higher compared to previously obtained piperidinium-functionalized SEBS reaching up to 10.09 mS cm-1. The SEBS-Py206 combined with PGM-free electrodes in an AWE water electrolysis (AEMWE) cell achieves 520 mA cm-2 at 2 V in 0.1 M KOH and 171 mA cm-2 in ultra-pure water (UPW). This high performance indicates that SEBS-Py2O6 membranes are suitable for application in water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Xu
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sofia Delgado
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias S/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vladimir Atanasov
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblinger Strasse 78, 70199 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Morawietz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Building Services, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Kanalstraße 33, 73728 Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
| | - Aldo Saul Gago
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kaspar Andreas Friedrich
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Building Energetics, Thermal Engineering and Energy Storage (IGTE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 6, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Novel piperidinium-functionalized crosslinked anion exchange membrane with flexible spacers for water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Min K, Lee Y, Choi Y, Kwon OJ, Kim TH. High-performance anion exchange membranes achieved by crosslinking two aryl ether-free polymers: poly(bibenzyl N-methyl piperidine) and SEBS. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wei C, Yu W, Wu L, Ge X, Xu T. Physically and Chemically Stable Anion Exchange Membranes with Hydrogen-Bond Induced Ion Conducting Channels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224920. [PMID: 36433047 PMCID: PMC9696997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with desirable properties are the crucial components for numerous energy devices such as AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs), AEM water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), etc. However, the lack of suitable AEMs severely limits the performance of devices. Here, a series of physically and chemically stable AEMs have been prepared by the reaction between the alkyl bromine terminal ether-bond-free aryl backbone and the urea group-containing crosslinker. Morphology analyses confirm that the hydrogen bonding interaction between urea groups is capable of driving the ammonium cations to aggregate and further form continuous ion-conducting channels. Therefore, the resultant AEM demonstrates remarkable OH− conductivity (59.1 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and 122.9 mS cm−1 at 90 °C) despite a moderate IEC (1.77 mmol g−1). Simultaneously, due to the adoption of ether-bond-free aryl backbone and alkylene chain-modified trimethylammonium cation, the AEM possesses excellent alkaline stability (87.3% IEC retention after soaking in 1 M NaOH for 1080 h). Moreover, the prepared AEM shows desirable mechanical properties (tensile stress > 25 MPa) and dimensional stability (SR = 20.3% at 90 °C) contributed by the covalent-bond and hydrogen-bond crosslinking network structures. Moreover, the resulting AEM reaches a peak power density of 555 mW cm−2 in an alkaline H2/O2 single fuel cell at 70 °C without back pressure. This rational structural design presented here provides inspiration for the development of high-performance AEMs, which are crucial for membrane technologies.
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Design, synthesis and characterization of SEBS anion exchange membranes with ultrahigh dimensional stability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Min K, Chae JE, Lee Y, Kim HJ, Kim TH. Crosslinked poly(m-terphenyl N-methyl piperidinium)-SEBS membranes with aryl-ether free and kinked backbones as highly stable and conductive anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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SEBS-Ionic Liquid Block-Graft Copolymer-based Membranes with High Compatibility for Improved Gas Separation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Das G, Choi JH, Nguyen PKT, Kim DJ, Yoon YS. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1197. [PMID: 35335528 PMCID: PMC8955432 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fuel cell industry is the most promising industry in terms of the advancement of clean and safe technologies for sustainable energy generation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is divided into two parts: anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the case of PEMFCs, high-power density was secured and research and development for commercialization have made significant progress. However, there are technical limitations and high-cost issues for the use of precious metal catalysts including Pt, the durability of catalysts, bipolar plates, and membranes, and the use of hydrogen to ensure system stability. On the contrary, AEMFCs have been used as low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts and have a low activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction, so many studies have been conducted to find alternatives to overcome the problems of PEMFCs in the last decade. At the core of ensuring the power density of AEMFCs is the anion exchange membrane (AEM) which is less durable and less conductive than the cation exchange membrane. AEMFCs are a promising technology that can solve the high-cost problem of PEMFCs that have reached technological saturation and overcome technical limitations. This review focuses on the various aspects of AEMs for AEMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
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Shen S, Wang N, Jia J, Song D, Zuo T, Liu K, Che Q. Constructing the basal nanofibers suit of layer-by-layer self-assembly membranes as anion exchange membranes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Highly conductive fluorinated poly(biphenyl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes with robust durability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yu N, Dong J, Wang T, Jin Y, Tang W, Yang J. Two new anion exchange membranes based on poly(bis-arylimidazolium) ionenes blend polybenzimidazole. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Wang F, Cui Y, Sang J, Zhang H, Zhu H. Cross‐linked of poly(biphenyl pyridine) and poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) grafted with double cations for anion exchange membrane. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sang J, Yang L, Li Z, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhu H. Comb-shaped SEBS-based anion exchange membranes with obvious microphase separation morphology. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abdi ZG, Chen J, Chiu T, Yang H, Yu H. Synthesis of ionic polybenzimidazoles with broad ion exchange capacity range for anion exchange membrane fuel cell application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Gudeta Abdi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Chien Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tse‐Han Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiharng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA) National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Hsuan‐Hung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
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He X, Zou J, Guo Y, Wang K, Wu B, Wen Y, Zang X, Chen D. Synthesis of halogenated benzonorbornadiene monomer and preparation of self-crosslinking bisimidazole cationic functionalized benzonorbornadiene triblock copolymer anion exchange membrane. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang L, You R, Ling Y, Xie Y, Mei C, Li Z, Wang F. Covalent cross-linked anion exchange membrane based on poly(biphenyl piperidine) and poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene): preparation and properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1888987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liujiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rixin You
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Ling
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cenyu Mei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
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