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Esdaille CJ, Washington KS, Laurencin CT. Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future directions. Regen Med 2021; 16:495-512. [PMID: 34030463 PMCID: PMC8356698 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. It is an expansion of tissue engineering, which was first developed as a method of repair and restoration of human tissue. In the past three decades, advances in regenerative engineering have made it possible to treat a variety of clinical challenges by utilizing cutting-edge technology currently available to harness the body's healing and regenerative abilities. The emergence of new information in developmental biology, stem cell science, advanced material science and nanotechnology have provided promising concepts and approaches to regenerate complex tissues and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caldon J Esdaille
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20011, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kenyatta S Washington
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Ogueri KS, Ogueri KS, McClinton A, Kan HM, Ude CC, Barajaa MA, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. In Vivo Evaluation of the Regenerative Capability of Glycylglycine Ethyl Ester-Substituted Polyphosphazene and Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Blends: A Rabbit Critical-Sized Bone Defect Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1564-1572. [PMID: 33792283 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to understand the biological capability of polyphosphazene-based polymers, three-dimensional biomimetic bone scaffolds were fabricated using the blends of poly[(glycine ethylglycinato)75(phenylphenoxy)25]phosphazene (PNGEGPhPh) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and an in vivo evaluation was performed in a rabbit critical-sized bone defect model. The matrices constructed from PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends were surgically implanted into 15 mm critical-sized radial defects of the rabbits as structural templates for bone tissue regeneration. PLGA, which is the most commonly used synthetic bone graft substitute, was used as a control in this study. Radiological and histological analyses demonstrated that PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends exhibited favorable in vivo biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, as the newly designed matrices allowed new bone formation to occur without adverse immunoreactions. The X-ray images of the blends showed higher levels of radiodensity than that of the pristine PLGA, indicating higher rates of new bone formation and regeneration. Micro-computed tomography quantification revealed that new bone volume fractions were significantly higher for the PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends than for the PLGA controls after 4 weeks. The new bone volume increased linearly with increasing time points, with the new tissues observed throughout the defect area for the blend and only at the implant site's extremes for the PLGA control. Histologically, the polyphosphazene system appeared to show tissue responses and bone ingrowths superior to PLGA. By the end of the study, the defects with PNGEGPhPh-PLGA scaffolds exhibited evidence of effective bone tissue ingrowth and minimal inflammatory responses. Thus, polyphosphazene-containing biomaterials have excellent translational potential for use in bone regenerative engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Kennedy S Ogueri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Aneesah McClinton
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Chinedu C Ude
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Mohammed A Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296, United States
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296, United States
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