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Petelinšek N, Mommer S. Tough Hydrogels for Load-Bearing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307404. [PMID: 38225751 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Tough hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of materials to target load-bearing applications, where the material has to resist multiple cycles of extreme mechanical impact. A variety of chemical interactions and network architectures are used to enhance the mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of hydrogels making them stiffer and tougher. In recent years, the mechanical properties of tough, high-performance hydrogels have been benchmarked, however, this is often incomplete as important variables like water content are largely ignored. In this review, the aim is to clarify the reported mechanical properties of state-of-the-art tough hydrogels by providing a comprehensive library of fracture and mechanical property data. First, common methods for mechanical characterization of such high-performance hydrogels are introduced. Then, various modes of energy dissipation to obtain tough hydrogels are discussed and used to categorize the individual datasets helping to asses the material's (fracture) mechanical properties. Finally, current applications are considered, tough high-performance hydrogels are compared with existing materials, and promising future opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Petelinšek
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mommer
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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2
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Synthesis of poly(n-alkyl acrylamides) and evaluation of nanophase separation effects by temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-023-03037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCommon linear polymers are known to undergo phase changes at the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and the melting point (Tm). In recent years, it has also been shown that molecules with long aliphatic side chains can give rise to a backbone-independent melting phenomenon, known as nanophase separation. This effect describes the self-assembly — independent of the polymer backbone — of alkyl side chains into semi-crystalline nanostructures. This work presents optimized, gram scale synthesis routes for dodecyl and octadecyl acrylamide and their respective homopolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments detected a broad endothermal signal for poly(n-dodecyl acrylamide) at − 29 °C and a narrower, more intense signal for poly(n-octadecyl acrylamide) at 34 °C. These signals indicate the nanophase separation TM of the alkyl side chains. We undertook the first temperature-controlled infrared spectroscopy investigations of these materials revealing a clear hypsochromic shift of the C–H stretching signals above TM and the amide I signal shifts that occurred only above and below Tg. These results provide further evidence, that the side chains act independently of the polymer backbone and show that infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for monitoring conformational changes in polymer side chains.
Graphical abstract
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3
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Chen Y, Yang W, Liu J, Wang Y, Luo Y. The characteristics and mechanism of hydrogen bonding assembly in linear polyurethane with multiple pendant 2‐ureido‐4[1
H
]‐pyrimidone units. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Chen
- Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
- Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education Chongqing China
| | - Wei Yang
- Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
- Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education Chongqing China
| | - Juan Liu
- Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
- Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education Chongqing China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
- Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education Chongqing China
| | - Yanfeng Luo
- Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
- Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education Chongqing China
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4
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Wu R, Zhang S, Song Q, Tan Y. Synthesis and solution properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble copolymer with dynamic covalent bond. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hou LX, Ding H, Hao XP, Zhu CN, Du M, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Multi-level encryption of information in morphing hydrogels with patterned fluorescence. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2149-2156. [PMID: 35212340 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent hydrogels have attracted tremendous attention recently in the field of information security due to the booming development of information technology. Along this line, it is highly desired to improve the security level of concealed information by the advancements of materials and encryption technologies. Here we report multi-level encryption of information in a bilayer hydrogel with shape-morphing ability and patterned fluorescence. This hydrogel is composed of a fluorescence layer containing chromophore units in the poly(acrylic acid) network and an active layer with UV-absorption agents in the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) network. The former layer exhibits tunable fluorescence tailored by UV light irradiation to induce unimer-to-dimer transformation of the chromophores, facilitating the write-in of information through photolithography. The latter layer is responsive to temperature, enabling morphing of the bilayer hydrogel. Therefore, the bilayer hydrogel encoded with patterned fluorescent patterns can deform into three-dimensional configurations at room temperature to conceal the information, which is readable only after successive procedures of shape recovery at an appropriate temperature and under UV light irradiation from the right direction. The combination of morphing materials and patterned fluorescence as a new avenue to improve the encryption level of information should merit the design of other smart materials with integrated functions for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xin Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hongyao Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xing Peng Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chao Nan Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Miao Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Fang L, Hu J, Zhang CW, Wei J, Yu HC, Zheng SY, Wu ZL, Zheng Q. Facile synthesis of tough metallosupramolecular hydrogels by using phosphates as temporary ligands of ferric ions to avoid inhibition of polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtao Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, International Center for Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Chuan Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jialun Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hai Chao Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Si Yu Zheng
- College of Materials Science & Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Sun H, Li S, Li K, Liu Y, Tang C, Liu Z, Zhu L, Yang J, Qin G, Chen Q. Tough and
self‐healable carrageenan‐based
double network microgels enhanced physical hydrogels for strain sensor. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Shitong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | | | - Cheng Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health) Wenzhou China
| | - Jia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Gang Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health) Wenzhou China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
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Deng J, Wu H, Xie W, Jia H, Xia Z, Wang H. Metal Cation-Responsive and Excitation-Dependent Nontraditional Multicolor Fluorescent Hydrogels for Multidimensional Information Encryption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39967-39975. [PMID: 34374507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymeric hydrogels especially multicolor fluorescent polymeric hydrogels (MFPHs) have important applications in information storage, encryption, and encoding. MFPHs are generally prepared by incorporating multiple traditional fluorescent materials into hydrogels. In recent years, nontraditional luminescent polymers without any traditional π-conjugated chromophores have received increasing attention. Here, we report a novel type of nontraditional MFPHs prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) in the presence of poly(itaconic acid) (PITAc). The hydrogen-bonded mechanically strong PAAm/PITAc hydrogels show strong intrinsic fluorescence, and the fluorescence emission is excitation-dependent and metal cation-responsive. More impressively, the hydrogels treated with metal cations also possess excitation-dependent fluorescence. We developed a multi-ion inkjet printing (MIIP) technique to print texts or designed patterns onto the hydrogel surface using different metal cation solutions as inks, and then variable texts or patterns appear under the irradiation of UV, violet, and blue lights. Patterns can be further changed by selective printing, erasing, or reprinting on some regions. Therefore, multidimensional information encryption is achieved. This work provides a new strategy for preparing MFPHs for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hangrui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wendi Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haoyuan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhonggang Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Kim ES, Park TY, Choi KH, Choi WJ, Suh DH. Tunable cross‐linked copolymer networks for improvement of physical performance. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Kim
- Department of Chemical engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Tai Young Park
- Department of Chemical engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwan Choi
- Department of Chemical engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Dong Hack Suh
- Department of Chemical engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
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Yang J, Tang C, Sun H, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li K, Zhu L, Qin G, Sun G, Li Y, Chen Q. Tough, Transparent, and Anti-Freezing Nanocomposite Organohydrogels with Photochromic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31180-31192. [PMID: 34180220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poor mechanical properties and freezing at low temperatures of traditional photochromic hydrogels limit their applications. Here, a novel type of photochromic nanocomposite organohydrogels (NC OGHs) by adding tungsten oxide nanoparticles was prepared by a simple one-pot method. The photochromic NC OGHs demonstrated excellent integrated properties, including high transparency, high mechanical properties, low-temperature resistance, anti-dehydration, rewrite capability, and UV blocking ability. In addition, the degree of coloration of NC OGHs could be precisely controlled by UV irradiation, and the bleaching process could be controlled by the temperature and atmosphere. Besides flexible optical information storage devices and optical filters, these photochromic NC OGHs were also used for smart windows in both room temperature and cold environments. The work provides a new insight into photochromic organohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Huan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Gang Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yangling Li
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
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