Fluorene‐based donor‐acceptor‐ type multifunctional polymer with bicarbazole pendant moiety for optoelectronic applications

Comparative Study of Electrochromic Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on PEDOT:PSS/ITO Fabricated via Spray and Electrospray Methods

PEDOT

PSS stands out as a leading commercial conducting polymer due to its excellent water dispersibility, controllable miscibility, adjustable conductivity, and ability to form films through various techniques. This study investigates the electrochemical and electrochromic performance of electrodes prepared by depositing PEDOT:PSS onto ITO surfaces by using two distinct methods: conventional spray coating and electrospray deposition. Detailed characterization of the prepared electrodes was performed by using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Our findings reveal that electrodes fabricated via electrospray deposition (PEDOT:PSS/ITO electrode_2) significantly outperform those made by spray coating (PEDOT:PSS/ITO electrode_1). Specifically, electrode_2 exhibits a capacitance of 1678.60 μF cm-2, compared to 826.14 μF cm-2 for electrode_1, at a current density of 10 μA cm-2.

PEDOT

PSS electrodes exhibit areal energy densities of 0.41 and 0.84 mW h cm-2, along with power densities of 4.96 and 4.97 μW cm-2, respectively. Moreover, electrode_2 demonstrates a high coloration efficiency of 84.32 cm2 C-1 and fast response times of 1.36 s for coloration and 0.98 s for bleaching. This study highlights the advantages of electrospray deposition over traditional methods, showcasing the potential of electrospray-prepared PEDOT:PSS electrodes for use in multifunctional energy storage devices.

Relating Structure to Properties in Non-Conjugated Pendant Electroactive Polymers

Non-conjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) are an emerging class of polymers that offer the potential of combining the desirable optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers with the superior synthetic methodologies and stability of traditional non-conjugated polymers. Despite an increasing number of studies focused on NCPEPs, particularly on understanding fundamental structure-property relationships, no attempts have been made to provide an overview on established relationships to date. This review showcases selected reports on NCPEP homopolymers and copolymers that demonstrate how optical, electronic, and physical properties of the polymers are affected by tuning of key structural variables such as the chemical structure of the polymer backbone, molecular weight, tacticity, spacer length, the nature of the pendant group, and in the case of copolymers the ratios between different comonomers and between individual polymer blocks. Correlation of structural features with improved π-stacking and enhanced charge carrier mobility serve as the primary figures of merit in evaluating impact on NCPEP properties. While this review is not intended to serve as a comprehensive summary of all reports on tuning of structural parameters in NCPEPs, it highlights relevant established structure-property relationships that can serve as a guideline for more targeted design of novel NCPEPs in the future.

Derivatives of diphenylamine and benzothiadiazole in optoelectronic applications: a review

Light-emitting conjugated organic compounds have found special interest among researchers. Because of their adjustable optoelectronic properties they can be applied in e.g. field-effect transistors, sensors, light-emitting diodes or photovoltaic cells. In order to develop high-performance systems, it is important to understand the relationship between the structure and the photophysical properties of the material used. One of the employed strategies is to decrease the band gap of conjugated compounds, often achieved through a “donor–acceptor” approach. One of the popular groups applied as an electron-accepting unit are benzothiadiazoles, while diphenylamine exhibits good electron-donating ability. The functional groups can affect the energy levels of materials, influencing the color of the light emitted. This work presents a review of research focused on the structure-properties relationship of diphenylamine and benzothiadiazole derivatives with optoelectronic applications.