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Antignano I, D’Acunzo F, Arena D, Casciardi S, Del Giudice A, Gentile F, Pelosi M, Masci G, Gentili P. Influence of Nanoaggregation Routes on the Structure and Thermal Behavior of Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive Micelles from Block Copolymers of Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate and the Weak Acid [2-(Hydroxyimino)aldehyde]butyl Methacrylate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14371-14386. [PMID: 36346681 PMCID: PMC9686140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we compare nanoaggregation driven by pH-induced micellization (PIM) and by the standard solvent displacement (SD) method on a series of pH-, light-, and thermosensitive amphiphilic block copolymers. Specifically, we investigate poly(HIABMA)-b-poly(OEGMA) and poly(HIABMA)-b-poly(DEGMA-r-OEGMA), where HIABMA = [(hydroxyimino)aldehyde]butyl methacrylate, OEGMA = oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, and DEGMA = di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate. The weakly acidic HIA group (pKa ≈ 8) imparts stability to micelles at neutral pH, unlike most of the pH-responsive copolymers investigated in the literature. With SD, only some of our copolymers yield polymeric micelles (34-59 nm), and their thermoresponsivity is either poor or altogether absent. In contrast, PIM affords thermoresponsive, smaller micelles (down to 24 nm), regardless of the polymer composition. In some cases, cloud points are remarkably well defined and exhibit limited hysteresis. By combining turbidimetric, dyamic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements, we show that SD yields loose micelles with POEGMA segments partly involved in the formation of the hydrophobic core, whereas PIM yields more compact core-shell micelles with a well-defined PHIABMA core. We conclude that pH-based nanoaggregation provides advantages over block-selective solvation to obtain compact micelles exhibiting well-defined responses to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Antignano
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Acunzo
- Institute
of Biological Systems (ISB), Italian National Research Council (CNR),
Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Arena
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- National
Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work (INAIL Research),
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy
| | | | - Francesca Gentile
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Pelosi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Masci
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gentili
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
- Institute
of Biological Systems (ISB), Italian National Research Council (CNR),
Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Roma, Italy
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Hill L, Sims H, Nguyen N, Collins C, Palmer J, Wasson F. A Degradable Difunctional Initiator for ATRP That Responds to Hydrogen Peroxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091733. [PMID: 35566902 PMCID: PMC9099818 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-chain degradable polymers can be prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization from difunctional initiators that include triggers for the desired stimuli. While many difunctional initiators can respond to reducing conditions, procedures to prepare difunctional initiators that respond to oxidizing conditions are significantly less available in the literature. Here, a difunctional initiator incorporating an oxidizable boronic ester trigger was synthesized over four steps using simple and scalable procedures. Methyl methacrylate was polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization using this initiator, and the polymerization kinetics were consistent with a controlled polymerization. The polymer synthesized using the difunctional initiator was found to decrease in molecular weight by 58% in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, while a control experiment using poly(methyl methacrylate) without a degradable linkage showed a much smaller decrease in molecular weight of only 9%. These observed molecular weight decreases were consistent with cleavage of the difunctional initiator via a quinone methide shift and hydrolysis of the methyl ester pendent groups in both polymers, and both polymers increased in polydispersity after oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-270-745-2136
| | - Hunter Sims
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Christopher Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Jeffery Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Fiona Wasson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Chernikova EV, Kudryavtsev YV. RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030570. [PMID: 35160559 PMCID: PMC8838018 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
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