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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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Kaya Y, Erçağ A, Uğuz Ö, Koca A, Zorlu Y, Hacıoğlu M, Seher Birteksöz Tan A. New asymmetric bisthiocarbohydrazones and their mixed ligand nickel(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, electrochemical-spectroelectrochemical property, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Water-Soluble Visible Light Sensitive Photoinitiating System Based on Charge Transfer Complexes for the 3D Printing of Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183195. [PMID: 34578096 PMCID: PMC8470713 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of visible-light 3D printing technology by using water-soluble initiating systems has attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in the manufacture of hydrogels. Besides, at present, the preparation of water-soluble photoinitiators suitable for visible light irradiation (such as LEDs) still remains a challenge. Therefore, this work is devoted to developing water-soluble photoinitiators (PI)/photoinitiating systems (PIS) upon irradiation with a LED @ 405 nm. In detail, a new water-slightly-soluble chalcone derivative dye [(E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)-1-(4-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one] was synthesized here and used as a PI with a water-soluble coinitiator, i.e., triethanolamine (TEA) which was also used as an electron donor. When combined together, a charge transfer complex (CTC) formed immediately which exhibited excellent initiating ability for the free radical photopolymerization of poly(ethyleneglycol)diacrylate (PEG-DA). In light of the powerful CTC effect, the [dye-TEA] CTC could not only exhibit enhanced water solubility and mechanical properties but could also be effectively applied for 3D printing. This CTC system is environmentally friendly and cost-saving which demonstrates a great potential to prepare hydrogels via photopolymerization.
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Lukáč I, Husár B, Danko M, Weiss RG. Benzil Photoperoxidations in Polymer Films and Crosslinking by the Resultant Benzoyl Peroxides in Polystyrene and Other Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175154. [PMID: 34500588 PMCID: PMC8434379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzil (BZ) can be converted almost quantitatively to benzoyl peroxide (BP) in aerated polymer films upon irradiation at >400 nm (i.e., the long-wavelength edge of the n→π* absorption band of BZ, where BP does not absorb). Here, we summarize results for the photoperoxidation of BZ structures with molecular oxygen, principally in glassy polymer matrices. Some of the polymers are doped directly with BZ or its derivatives, and others, contain covalently attached BZ pendant groups from which BP groups are derived. While the decomposition of low-molecular-weight BP doped into polymer films (such as those of polystyrene (PS)) results in a net decrease in polymer molecular weight, thermal decomposition of pendant BP groups is an efficient method for chain crosslinking. Crosslinking of PS films doped with a molecule containing two covalently linked BZ or BP groups proceeds in a similar fashion. Free radicals from the covalently attached BP allow grafting of new monomers, as well. Additionally, the use of radiation filtered through masks has been used to create patterns of polymers on solid surfaces. Crosslinking of photodegradable poly(phenyl vinyl ketone) with BP structures obtained by photoperoxidation of BZ structures for the preparation of photodegradable polymer networks is described as well. In sum, the use of BZ and BP and their derivatives offers simple and convenient routes for modifying polymer chains and, especially, for crosslinking them. Specific applications of each use and process are provided. Although applications with PS are featured here, the methodologies described are amenable to a wide variety of other polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lukáč
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.H.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-1944333672
| | - Branislav Husár
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
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Zhang J, Wang S, Lalevée J, Morlet‐Savary F, Lam ES, Graff B, Liu J, Xing F, Xiao P. 1,2‐Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free‐radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Elizabeth S.‐H. Lam
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Photo-curing kinetics of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA): synergetic effect of dye/amine photoinitiator systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-019-00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine and evaluate several dye/amine systems as photoinitiators for photopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer under visible light conditions. For this purpose, a series of dye/amine photoinitiators were formed using methylene blue (MB) or acridine orange (AO) as photosensitizers, and triethanolamine (TEOA), ethyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB), trioctylamine (TOA), and N,N-diméthylallylamine (DMAA) as co-initiators. The photopolymerization kinetic of the HEA monomer in the presence of proposed dye/amine systems was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and the synergetic effect of the dye/amine photoinitiators systems on the photopolymerization efficiency was examined. Interestingly, (MB/EDMAB) system shows the better reactivity with a total conversion of HEA monomer.
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Woodford OJ, Ziessel R, Harriman A. Photofading of an Extended BOPHY Chromophore Dispersed in Poly(methyl methacrylate) as a Chemical Actinometer. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen J. Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory NESS (Chemistry)Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory NESS (Chemistry)Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory NESS (Chemistry)Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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Li Z, Chen H, Wang C, Chen L, Liu J, Liu R. Efficient photopolymerization of thick pigmented systems using upconversion nanoparticles-assisted photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Li
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Liu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Xie X, Meggers E. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl-Containing Compounds by Three-Component Photoredox Chemistry. Chemistry 2017; 24:259-265. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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Synthesis and characterization of photo-crosslinkable liquid crystalline copolyesters containing arylidene-keto and chalcone moieties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wu Q, Xiong Y, Yang J, Tang H, Chen S. Thioxanthone-Based Hydrophilic Visible Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Hongding Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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Lee JK, Sikes HD. Balancing the Initiation and Molecular Recognition Capabilities of Eosin Macroinitiators of Polymerization-Based Signal Amplification Reactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:981-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyu K. Lee
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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14
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Red-light-induced cationic photopolymerization: perylene derivatives as efficient photoinitiators. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1452-8. [PMID: 23922314 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nine different perylene derivatives are prepared and their ability to initiate, when combined with an iodonium salt (and optionally N-vinylcarbazole), a ring-opening cationic photopolymerization of epoxides under very soft halogen lamp irradiation is investigated. One of them is particularly efficient under a red laser diode exposure at 635 nm and belongs now to the very few systems available at this wavelength. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady-state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, CNRS, UMR 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse Cedex, 68057, France
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15
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Photopolymerization Reactions: On the Way to a Green and Sustainable Chemistry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Ziobrowski P, Drozdowski M, Andrzejewska E, Marcinkowska A, Łapsa K. Elastic properties of some selected two-monomer systems as studied by Brillouin spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:809-814. [PMID: 20864387 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present results obtained by Brillouin scattering method for four two-component systems comprising of a high viscosity monomer and a low viscosity monomer. The monomers used were crosslinking (divinyl) or linear (monovinyl) ones. The investigated systems were: divinyl/divinyl-bis-GMA/TEGDM; divinyl/monovinyl-bis-GMA/PEGMM; monovinyl/divinyl-bis-MGMA/TEGDM and monovinyl/monovinyl-bis-MGMA/PEGMM; they were formulated at various molar ratios. The measurements have been performed in temperature range 293-353 K. The following physical parameters characterizing the investigated systems were estimated: hypersonic velocity V, attenuation coefficient α and adiabatic compressibility β, all as a function of temperature and monomer molar ratio. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of the influence of the system composition and viscosity on their elastic properties. Speed of changes of the adiabatic compressibility β as derivative have been also discussed in terms of both, the temperature as well as the component of molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ziobrowski
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Lalevée J, Fouassier JP. Recent advances in sunlight induced polymerization: role of new photoinitiating systems based on the silyl radical chemistry. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silyl radical chemistry opens new opportunities for photoinitiating systems for sunlight polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse
- Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse
- Mulhouse Cedex
- France
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Balan L, Jin M, Malval JP, Chaumeil H, Defoin A, Vidal L. Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymer Promoted by Combined Photochemical Properties of a 2,7-Diaminofluorene Derivative Dye. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8017926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Loïc Vidal
- Institut de Chimie de Surface et Interface, UPR CNRS 9069, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68093 Mulhouse, France
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Jin M, Malval JP, Versace DL, Morlet-Savary F, Chaumeil H, Defoin A, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Two-photon absorption and polymerization ability of intramolecular energy transfer based photoinitiating systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6540-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b808457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, Peumans M, Yoshida Y, Poitevin A, Coutinho E, Suzuki K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3757-85. [PMID: 17543382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental adhesives are designed to bond composite resins to enamel and dentin. Their chemical formulation determines to a large extent their adhesive performance in clinic. Irrespective of the number of bottles, an adhesive system typically contains resin monomers, curing initiators, inhibitors or stabilizers, solvents and sometimes inorganic filler. Each one of these components has a specific function. The aim of this article is to systematically review the ingredients commonly used in current dental adhesives as well as the properties of these ingredients. This paper includes an extensive table with the chemical formulation of contemporary dental adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Lizymol PP, Krishnan VK. A comparison of efficiency of two photoinitiators for polymerization of light-cure dental composite resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Deepak VD, Rajan J, Asha SK. Hydrogen bonding and rate enhancement in the photoinduced polymerization of telechelic urethane methacrylates based on a cycloaliphatic system: Tricyclodecane dimethanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lopes S, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Lapinski L, Fausto R. Conformational Flexibility, UV−Induced Decarbonylation, and FTIR Spectra of 1-Phenyl-1,2 Propanedione in Solid Xenon and in the Low Temperature Amorphous Phase. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5560-70. [PMID: 16833887 DOI: 10.1021/jp044287o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione has been isolated in low-temperature xenon matrixes and studied by FTIR spectroscopy, supported by DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. In good agreement with previous electron diffraction data [Shen, Q.; Hagen, K. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 985], the calculations predicted the existence of only one stable conformation for the compound, in which the O=C-C=O dihedral angle is 135.6 degrees. On the other hand, the experimental data clearly reveals that, in the as-deposited xenon matrixes (T = 20 K), there is a distribution of molecules with different O=C-C=O dihedral angles around the equilibrium value. This distribution results from the efficient trapping of the conformational distribution existing in the gas phase, prior to deposition, which is determined by the low frequency, large amplitude torsional vibration around the C-C central bond. Upon annealing to higher temperatures (T approximately 45 K), the initially trapped conformational distribution can be modified in a certain degree, favoring more polar structures (corresponding to smaller O=C-C=O dihedral angles), as a result of the interactions with the matrix media. Irradiation of the matrix with UV light (lambda > 235 nm) led to decarbonylation of the compound, with generation of acetophenone and carbon monoxide, with an almost complete consumption of the reagent after 1100 min of irradiation (k = 2.8 x 10(-2) min.(-1)). Aggregation of the compound resulting from the matrix warming was also investigated, providing useful information for interpretation of the spectroscopic data obtained for the low-temperature amorphous state of the neat compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susy Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kim D, Scranton A. The role of diphenyl iodonium salt (DPI) in three-component photoinitiator systems containing methylene blue (MB) and an electron donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Burget D, Mallein C, Fouassier J. Visible light induced polymerization of maleimide–vinyl and maleimide–allyl ether based systems. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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