Heřmánková E, Žák A, Poláková L, Hobzová R, Hromádka R, Širc J. Polymeric bile acid sequestrants: Review of design, in vitro binding activities, and hypocholesterolemic effects.
Eur J Med Chem 2017;
144:300-317. [PMID:
29275230 DOI:
10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.015]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have recently attracted much attention as lipid-lowering agents. These non-absorbable materials specifically bind bile acids (BAs) in the intestine, preventing bile acid (BA) reabsorption into the blood through enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure-property relationships between the polymer sequestrant and its ability to bind specific BAs molecules. In this review, we describe pleiotropic effects of bile acids, and we focus on BAS with various molecular architectures that result in different mechanisms of BA sequestration. Here, we present 1) amphiphilic polymers based on poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamides, polyalkylamines and polyallylamines containing quaternary ammonium groups, 2) cyclodextrins, and 3) BAS prepared via molecular imprinting methods. The synthetic approaches leading to individual BAS preparation, as well as results of their in vitro BA binding activities and in vivo lipid-lowering activities, are discussed.
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