1
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Cheung CS, Qiu Z, Li D, Deng H, Zheng H, Gao H. Experimental and theoretical insights into palladium-mediated polymerization of para-N, N-disubstituted aminostyrene. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17573-17582. [PMID: 37966170 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical insights into polymerization of para-N,N-disubstituted aminostyrene monomers (St-4-NR2, R = Me, Et, Ph) using cationic α-diimine palladium complexes have been initially reported. The effects of the catalyst structure and monomer substituent were studied systematically. Polymerization turnover frequency (TOF) was shown to decrease in the order of monomer substituents Me > Et > Ph, whereas the molecular weight of the produced polymers showed an opposite trend (Me < Et < Ph). Methanol-mediated polymerization of para-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene (DMAS), along with polymer chain-end analysis, and palladium intermediate isolation proved that palladium-initiated DMAS polymerization obeyed a cationic mechanism. Comprehensive theoretical calculations further revealed that the carbocation was generated from the insertion of DMAS into the palladium center rather than the polarization of the methyl palladium intermediate with a coordinated DMAS. The produced amine-functionalized amorphous polystyrenes have low stereoregularity and exhibit good hydrophilic properties. The poly(para-N,N-disphenylaminostyrene) is a luminescent polymer and shows fluorescence properties, rendering this material a promising candidate for versatile potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shing Cheung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zonglin Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Huiyun Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Handou Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Haiyang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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2
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Wang H, Ullah A. Synthesis and Evaluation of Thermoresponsive Renewable Lipid-Based Block Copolymers for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173436. [PMID: 36080511 PMCID: PMC9460350 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelle forming from self-assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules is one of the most potent drug delivery systems. Fatty acids, naturally occurring hydrophobic lipid components, can be considered as potential candidates for the fabrication of block copolymer micelles. However, examples of synthesis of responsive block copolymers using renewable fatty acids are scarce. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and testing of block copolymer micelles composed of a renewable fatty-acid-based hydrophobic block and thermoresponsive hydrophilic block for controlled drug delivery. The block copolymers of functionalized fatty acid and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were prepared via consecutive microwave-assisted reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The block copolymers with variable hydrophobic block length self-assembled in aqueous media and formed spherical nanoparticles of ~30 nm with low critical micelle concentration (CMC). To demonstrate the proof-of-concept, carbamazepine (CBZ) was used as a hydrophobic model drug to evaluate the performance of these micelles as nanocarriers. The in vitro drug release tests were carried out below (25 °C) and above (37 °C) the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the block copolymer. The drug release showed obvious temperature-triggered response and an accelerated drug release at 37 °C.
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3
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Badocco D, Di Marco V, Venzo A, Frasconi M, Frezzato D, Pastore P. Ion Pair Formation between Tertiary Aliphatic Amines and Perchlorate in the Biphasic Water/Dichloromethane System. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9403-9410. [PMID: 28915032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of aliphatic amines (AAs), namely, tripropylamine (TPrA), trisobutylamine (TisoBuA), and tributylamine (TBuA), to form ion pairs with perchlorate anion (ClO4-) in biphasic aqueous/dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) mixtures containing ClO4- 0.1 M has been demonstrated by GC with flame ionization (FID) and mass detectors (MS) and by NMR measurements. The extraction efficiency of the AAs to the organic phase was modeled by equations that were used to fit the experimental GC data, allowing us to determine values for KP (partition constant of the free AA), KIP (formation constant of the ion pair), and KPIP (partition constant of the ion pair) for TPrA, TisoBuA, and TBuA at 25 °C. Ion pairs were shown to form in CH2Cl2 also when ClO4- is replaced by other inorganic anions, like NO3-, ClO3-, Cl-, H2PO4-, and IO3-. No ion pairs formed when CH2Cl2 was replaced by n-hexane, suggesting that aliphatic amine ion pairs can form in polar organic solvents but not in nonpolar ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alfonso Venzo
- CNR, ICMATE, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy , Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Frezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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4
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Barlow TR, Brendel JC, Perrier S. Poly(bromoethyl acrylate): A Reactive Precursor for the Synthesis of Functional RAFT Materials. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R. Barlow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381
Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381
Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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5
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Tian S, Liu G, Wang X, Zhang G, Hu J. pH-Responsive Tumor-Targetable Theranostic Nanovectors Based on Core Crosslinked (CCL) Micelles with Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Dual Imaging Modalities and Drug Delivery Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8060226. [PMID: 30979319 PMCID: PMC6432225 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel theranostic nanovectors is of particular interest in treating formidable diseases (e.g., cancers). Herein, we report a new tumor-targetable theranostic agent based on core crosslinked (CCL) micelles, possessing tumor targetable moieties and fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) dual imaging modalities. An azide-terminated diblock copolymer, N₃-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA), was synthesized via consecutive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), where OEGMA, DPA, and GMA are oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively. The resulting diblock copolymer was further functionalized with DOTA(Gd) (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakisacetic acid) or benzaldehyde moieties via copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry, resulting in the formation of DOTA(Gd)-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA) and benzaldehyde-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA) copolymers. The resultant block copolymers co-assembled into mixed micelles at neutral pH in the presence of tetrakis[4-(2-mercaptoethoxy)phenyl]ethylene (TPE-4SH), which underwent spontaneous crosslinking reactions with GMA residues embedded within the micellar cores, simultaneously switching on TPE fluorescence due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation. Moreover, camptothecin (CPT) was encapsulated into the crosslinked cores at neutral pH, and tumor-targeting pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP, sequence: AEQNPIYWARYADWLFTTPLLLLDLALLVDADEGTCG) moieties were attached to the coronas through the Schiff base chemistry, yielding a theranostic nanovector with fluorescence and MR dual imaging modalities and tumor-targeting capability. The nanovectors can be efficiently taken up by A549 cells, as monitored by TPE fluorescence. After internalization, intracellular acidic pH triggered the release of loaded CPT, killing cancer cells in a selective manner. On the other hand, the nanovectors labeled with DOTA(Gd) contrast agents exhibited increased relaxivity (r₁ = 16.97 mM-1·s-1) compared to alkynyl-DOTA(Gd) small molecule precursor (r₁ = 3.16 mM-1·s-1). Moreover, in vivo MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) measurements revealed CCL micelles with pHLIP peptides exhibiting better tumor accumulation and MR imaging performance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Tian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guhuan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jinming Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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6
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Raffa P, Wever DAZ, Picchioni F, Broekhuis AA. Polymeric Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Links to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8504-63. [PMID: 26182291 DOI: 10.1021/cr500129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute DPI , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Armando Zakarias Wever
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute DPI , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A Broekhuis
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Lê D, Liénafa L, Phan TNT, Deleruyelle D, Bouchet R, Maria S, Bertin D, Gigmes D. Photo-Cross-Linked Diblock Copolymer Micelles: Quantitative Study of Photochemical Efficiency, Micelles Morphologies and their Thermal Behavior. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Lê
- CNRS,
ICR-UMR7273, Equipe CROPS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Livie Liénafa
- CNRS,
IM2NP-UMR7334, Equipe Mémoires, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Trang N. T. Phan
- CNRS,
ICR-UMR7273, Equipe CROPS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Deleruyelle
- CNRS,
IM2NP-UMR7334, Equipe Mémoires, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Bouchet
- LEPMI UMR 5279, CNRS-INPG, Equipe Elsa, 1130 rue de la piscine, 38402 St Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Sébastien Maria
- CNRS,
ICR-UMR7273, Equipe CROPS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Bertin
- CNRS,
ISM - UMR7287, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- CNRS,
ICR-UMR7273, Equipe CROPS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
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8
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Roy D, Sumerlin BS. Let There Be Light: Photo-Cross-Linked Block Copolymer Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:174-179. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Methodist University; 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas TX 75275-0314 USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory; Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
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9
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Ren TB, Liu CJ, Wu W, Ye K, Yuan WZ. Synthesis, characterization, crystalline morphologies and hydrophilicity of A 4
BA 4
nonlinear block copolymers. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Bin Ren
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jin Liu
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Ye
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yuan
- Institute of Nano- and Bio-polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
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10
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Quek JY, Zhu Y, Roth PJ, Davis TP, Lowe AB. RAFT Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Behavior of Novel pH- and Thermo-Responsive (Co)Polymers Derived from Reactive Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) Scaffolds. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4013187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang Quek
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Garnier S, Laschewsky A, Storsberg J. Polymeric Surfactants: Novel Agents with Exceptional Properties. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This article presents recent progress in the field of polymeric surfactants made of permanently amphiphilic block copolymers or of stimulus-sensitive ones. We highlight key points in the design of amphiphilic macromolecules, to yield polymer surfactants with tailor-made properties, as well as recently developed and still challenging application fields for this new class of surfactants. The efficiency boosting of amphiphilic block copolymers as co-surfactants in microemulsions is discussed, as are surface modification by polymer surfactants, and stabilization of dispersions. Moreover, the use of block copolymers in nanosciences is presented, for instance as a tool for nanomaterial fabrication, or for biomedical and cosmetic applications in bio-nanotechnology. Finally, self-assembly and applications of some newly developed “exotic” amphiphilic block copolymer structures as new surface-active materials will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Garnier
- Universität Potsdam, P. O. Box 6015 53, D-14415 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
| | - A. Laschewsky
- Universität Potsdam, P. O. Box 6015 53, D-14415 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
- Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung FhG-IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
| | - J. Storsberg
- Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung FhG-IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
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12
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Audouin F, Heise A. Surface-initiated RAFT polymerization of NIPAM from monolithic macroporous polyHIPE. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Liu X, Feng X, Chen J, Cao Y. Synthesis of Block Copolymers Based on N-alkyl Substituted Acrylamide via Combination of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization and Click Chemistry. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.735972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpu Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Ya Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
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14
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Quek JY, Roth PJ, Evans RA, Davis TP, Lowe AB. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer synthesis of amidine-based, CO2-responsive homo and AB diblock (Co)polymers comprised of histamine and their gas-triggered self-assembly in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Laurent BA, Grayson SM. Synthesis of cyclic amphiphilic homopolymers and their potential application as polymeric micelles. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Zhao C, He P, Xiao C, Gao X, Zhuang X, Chen X. Synthesis of temperature and pH-responsive crosslinked micelles from polypeptide-based graft copolymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 359:436-42. [PMID: 21531426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A polypeptide-based double hydrophilic graft copolymer was synthesized by the sequential grafting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto poly(l-glutamic acid) (PGA) backbone. The copolymers were sensitive to both temperature and pH. The phase transition and aggregation behaviors of the graft copolymers in aqueous solutions were investigated by the turbidity measurements and dynamic laser scattering (DLS). The light transmittance decrease of the copolymers at temperature above lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was remarkably weakened at pH around 6.5 due to the coil to α helix change of PGA chain induced by pH. The copolymers can self-assembly into micelles with PNIPAM cores in the aqueous solution at pH 8.0 and 60°C. Subsequently, polymerization of HEMA led to the facile preparation of crosslinked micelles, which were observed directly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The temperature controlled shrinkage behaviors of crosslinked micelles highly depended on the pH values of the solution. The crosslinked micelles aggregated at pH 5.0 due to the increased hydrophobic interactions among them induced by the protonation of PGA component. These crosslinked micelles have promising applications as intelligent drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, PR China
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17
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Smith D, Holley AC, McCormick CL. RAFT-synthesized copolymers and conjugates designed for therapeutic delivery of siRNA. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kellum MG, Smith AE, York SK, McCormick CL. Reversible Interpolyelectrolyte Shell Cross-Linked Micelles from pH/Salt-Responsive Diblock Copolymers Synthesized via RAFT in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100983p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Coelho JF, Ferreira PC, Alves P, Cordeiro R, Fonseca AC, Góis JR, Gil MH. Drug delivery systems: Advanced technologies potentially applicable in personalized treatments. EPMA J 2010; 1:164-209. [PMID: 23199049 PMCID: PMC3405312 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-010-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) present indubitable benefits for drug administration. Over the past three decades, new approaches have been suggested for the development of novel carriers for drug delivery. In this review, we describe general concepts and emerging research in this field based on multidisciplinary approaches aimed at creating personalized treatment for a broad range of highly prevalent diseases (e.g., cancer and diabetes). This review is composed of two parts. The first part provides an overview on currently available drug delivery technologies including a brief history on the development of these systems and some of the research strategies applied. The second part provides information about the most advanced drug delivery devices using stimuli-responsive polymers. Their synthesis using controlled-living radical polymerization strategy is described. In a near future it is predictable the appearance of new effective tailor-made DDS, resulting from knowledge of different interdisciplinary sciences, in a perspective of creating personalized medical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F. Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula C. Ferreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Health Sciences, Portuguese Catholic University, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patricia Alves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosemeyre Cordeiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Fonseca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R. Góis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria H. Gil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Duong HTT, Uyen Nguyen TL, Stenzel MH. Micelles with surface conjugated RGDpeptide and crosslinked polyurea core viaRAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Chen M, Moad G, Rizzardo E. Thiocarbonylthio end group removal from RAFT‐synthesized polymers by a radical‐induced process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Future Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- Future Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Ezio Rizzardo
- Future Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Li C, Ge Z, Fang J, Liu S. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Coil−Rod Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer with Dually Responsive Asymmetric Centipede-Shaped Polymer Brush as the Rod Segment. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900165z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jin Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Yu B, Lowe AB, Ishihara K. RAFT Synthesis and Stimulus-Induced Self-Assembly in Water of Copolymers Based on the Biocompatible Monomer 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl Phosphorylcholine. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:950-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8014945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, No. 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, No. 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, No. 10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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24
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Montoneri E, Boffa V, Savarino P, Perrone DG, Musso G, Mendichi R, Chierotti MR, Gobetto R. Biosurfactants from urban green waste. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:239-247. [PMID: 19229894 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
From waste came forth surfactants: Humic acid like substances isolated from 0-60 day-old compost display excellent surface activity and solvent properties. These biosurfactants were used to solubilize a dye in water below and above their critical micellar concentration. The biosurfactant unimers appear to have higher dye-solubilizing power than the corresponding micelles.Humic acid like substances isolated from compost show potential as chemical auxiliaries. In the present study, three surfactant samples were obtained from green waste composted for 0-60 days to assess aging effects of the source on the properties of the products. The surface activity, dye solubility enhancement, and chemical nature of these substances were compared. No differences in performance were established among the samples. They lower water surface tension and enhance the dye solubility upon increasing their concentration. However, the ratio of soluble dye to added surfactant is higher in the premicellar than in the postmicellar concentration region. Structural investigations indicated the humic acid like substances to be amphiphiles with molecular weights in the range of 1-3 x 10(5) g mol(-1). The surfactant samples were also compared to sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyacrylic acid, and soil and water humic substances. The results encourage the application of compost as a source of low-cost biosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Montoneri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Università di Torino, Corso Massimo d'Azeglio 48, Turin, Italy.
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25
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Liu J, Nie Z, Gao Y, Adronov A, Li H. “Click” coupling between alkyne‐decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and reactive PDMA‐PNIPAM micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science, Chemistry College, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Nie
- Institute of Polymer Science, Chemistry College, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Institute of Polymer Science, Chemistry College, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research (BIMR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - Huaming Li
- Institute of Polymer Science, Chemistry College, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Environment‐friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
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26
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Moughton AO, O’Reilly RK. Noncovalently Connected Micelles, Nanoparticles, and Metal-Functionalized Nanocages Using Supramolecular Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8714-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja800230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam O. Moughton
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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27
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Guice KB, Marrou SR, Gondi SR, Sumerlin BS, Loo YL. pH Response of Model Diblock and Triblock Copolymer Networks Containing Polystyrene and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8003746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B. Guice
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Stephen R. Marrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Sudershan R. Gondi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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28
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Ievins AD, Wang X, Moughton AO, Skey J, O’Reilly RK. Synthesis of Core Functionalized Polymer Micelles and Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Ievins
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Adam O. Moughton
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jared Skey
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- The Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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29
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O'Reilly RK. Spherical polymer micelles: nanosized reaction vessels? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:2863-78. [PMID: 17855212 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly techniques have provided a versatile means by which to selectively assemble polymeric molecules into well-defined three-dimensional nanostructures. The stabilization and tailoring of these dynamic nanostructures can be achieved using a range of chemistries to afford functional robust nanoparticles. Many examples of the stabilization, functionalization and application of these nanoparticles have been reported in the literature, and this paper will focus on these areas in the context of their potential application as nanometre-sized reaction vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K O'Reilly
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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30
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Lowe AB, Wang R, Tiriveedhi V, Butko P, McCormick CL. RAFT Synthesis and Solution Properties of pH-Responsive Styrenic-Based AB Diblock Copolymers of 4-Vinylbenzyltrimethylphosphonium Chloride with N
,N
-Dimethylbenzylvinylamine. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Synthesis of controlled-structure AB diblock copolymers of 3-O-methacryloyl-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-d-galactopyranose and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Lowe AB, McCormick CL. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization and the synthesis of water-soluble (co)polymers under homogeneous conditions in organic and aqueous media. Prog Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Wang R, Lowe AB. RAFT polymerization of styrenic-based phosphonium monomers and a new family of well-defined statistical and block polyampholytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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O’Reilly RK, Joralemon MJ, Hawker CJ, Wooley KL. Preparation of orthogonally-functionalized core Click cross-linked nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b616103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Lowe AB, Torres M, Wang R. A doubly responsive AB diblock copolymer: RAFT synthesis and aqueous solution properties of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-block-4-vinylbenzoic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Jiang X, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Xu J, Liu S. Facile preparation of core-crosslinked micelles from azide-containing thermoresponsive double hydrophilic diblock copolymer via click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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de Lambert B, Charreyre MT, Chaix C, Pichot C. Poly(N-tert-butyl acrylamide-b-N-acryloylmorpholine) amphiphilic block copolymers via RAFT polymerization: Synthesis, purification and characterization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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McCormick CL, Kirkland SE, York AW. Synthetic Routes to Stimuli‐Responsive Micelles, Vesicles, and Surfaces via Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization∗. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15583720600945428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Scales CW, Huang F, Li N, Vasilieva YA, Ray J, Convertine AJ, McCormick CL. Corona-Stabilized Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes of SiRNA with Nonimmunogenic, Hydrophilic/Cationic Block Copolymers Prepared by Aqueous RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Scales
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Faqing Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Na Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Yulia A. Vasilieva
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Jacob Ray
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Anthony J. Convertine
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
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40
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Experimental Requirements for an Efficient Control of Free-Radical Polymerizations via the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Process. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Scales CW, Convertine AJ, McCormick CL. Fluorescent Labeling of RAFT-Generated Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via a Facile Maleimide−Thiol Coupling Reaction. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1389-92. [PMID: 16677018 DOI: 10.1021/bm060192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile labeling technique in which the telechelic thiocarbonylthio functionality of well-defined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) prepared by room temperature RAFT polymerization is first converted to the thiol and subsequently reacted with a maleimido-functional fluorescent dye, N-(1-pyrene)maleimide (PM). Nearly monodisperse PNIPAM (M(n) = 39 500 g/mol, M(w)/M(n) = 1.07) was synthesized using a trithiocarbonate-based CTA, 2-dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl-2-methyl propionic acid (DMP), and a conventional azo-initiator, namely, 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (V-70), as the primary source of radicals. The key to successful conjugation of PM to PNIPAM is the implementation of a two-step reduction process involving (1) the cleavage of the trithiocarbonate with a strong reducing agent, in this case, NaBH4, to form a mixture of polymeric thiols and disulfides and (2) the conjugation of PM to the pure polymeric thiol in the presence of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine.HCl (TCEP). We show that TCEP efficiently eliminates the formation of polymeric disulfides and thus allows for the desired addition of the free polymeric thiol across the maleimide double bond. This concept is demonstrated using SEC-MALLS and UV-vis spectroscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Scales
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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42
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Convertine AJ, Lokitz BS, Vasileva Y, Myrick LJ, Scales CW, Lowe AB, McCormick CL. Direct Synthesis of Thermally Responsive DMA/NIPAM Diblock and DMA/NIPAM/DMA Triblock Copolymers via Aqueous, Room Temperature RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0523419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Convertine
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Brad S. Lokitz
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Yuliya Vasileva
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Leslie J. Myrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles W. Scales
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
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43
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O'Reilly RK, Hawker CJ, Wooley KL. Cross-linked block copolymer micelles: functional nanostructures of great potential and versatility. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:1068-83. [PMID: 17057836 DOI: 10.1039/b514858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 686] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular self assembly techniques have provided a versatile means by which to selectively assemble polymer molecules into well-defined three dimensional core-shell nanostructures. The covalent stabilisation and tailoring of these dynamic nanostructures can be achieved using a range of chemistries within the assembly to afford robust functional nanoparticles. Many examples of the stabilisation, functionalisation and decoration of these nanoparticles have been reported in the literature and this tutorial review will focus on these recent developments and highlight their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW.
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44
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Reddy GJ, Naidu SV, Reddy AVR. Synthesis and characterization of phenyl methacrylamide copolymers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Lutz JF. Solution self-assembly of tailor-made macromolecular building blocks prepared by controlled radical polymerization techniques. POLYM INT 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Zhang L, Katapodi K, Davis TP, Barner-Kowollik C, Stenzel MH. Using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process to synthesize core-crosslinked micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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48
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Scales CW, Vasilieva YA, Convertine AJ, Lowe AB, McCormick CL. Direct, Controlled Synthesis of the Nonimmunogenic, Hydrophilic Polymer, Poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) via RAFT in Aqueous Media. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:1846-50. [PMID: 16004419 DOI: 10.1021/bm0503017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA) is a nonimmunogenic, neutral-hydrophilic polymer currently employed in the delivery of anticancer drugs. Herein, we report conditions that facilitate the direct, controlled RAFT polymerization of HPMA in aqueous media. We demonstrate that the use of 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) as the chain transfer agent (CTA) and initiating species, respectively, in the presence of an acetic acid buffer solution at 70 degrees C is a suitable condition leading to controlled polymerization. The "living" nature of these polymerizations is demonstrated via chain-extension of an HPMA macroCTA to yield the corresponding poly(HPMA-b-HPMA) "homopolymer".
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Scales
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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49
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Shipp DA. Living Radical Polymerization: Controlling Molecular Size and Chemical Functionality in Vinyl Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-200055484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Chang Y, Powell ES, Allcock HR. Environmentally responsive micelles from polystyrene-poly[bis(potassium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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