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Nomimura S, Osaki M, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Poly(hexafluoropropyl ether)s with Cyclodextrins. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Nomimura
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Motofumi Osaki
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Kali G, Eisenbarth H, Wenz G. One Pot Synthesis of a Polyisoprene Polyrotaxane and Conversion to a Slide-Ring Gel. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:67-72. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kali
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Harley Eisenbarth
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Gerhard Wenz
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Rambo BM, Gong HY, Oh M, Sessler JL. The "Texas-sized" molecular box: a versatile building block for the construction of anion-directed mechanically interlocked structures. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1390-401. [PMID: 22676474 DOI: 10.1021/ar300076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, researchers have focused on the synthesis and development of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). The intramolecular motion of mechanical bonds and the ability to induce this effect with the choice of the proper external stimuli has prompted the development of macromolecular systems that possess the ability to "perform work" at the molecular level. Currently, researchers are working to incorporate interlocked species into complex structural systems, such as molecular frameworks and nanoparticles, and to create ever more elegant noncovalent architectures. This effort provides an incentive to generate new building blocks for the construction of MIMs. In this Account, we describe progress in the development of a new cationic building block inspired by the "blue box" of Stoddart and collaborators. The blue box (cylcobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) or CBPQT(4+)) is a tetracationic, electron-deficient macrocycle widely recognized for its role in the construction of MIMs. This venerable receptor displays a high affinity for a variety of π-donor guests, and researchers have used them to construct a wide range of molecular and supramolecular structures, including rotaxanes, catenanes, pseudorotaxanes, polypseudorotaxanes, pseudo[n]polyrotaxanes, and electrochemically switchable molecules. To date, several synthetic analogues of the basic CBPQT(4+) structure have been reported, including systems containing biphenylene linkers and chiral tetracationic cyclophanes. However, researchers have not yet fully generalized the promise of the blue box. In this Account, we chronicle the development of a larger, more flexible tetracationic macrocycle, referred to as the "Texas-sized" molecular box. To highlight its relatively increased size and to distinguish it from CBPQT(4+), we have chosen to color this new receptor burnt orange. The Texas-sized box (cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene), 1(4+)·4PF(6)(-)) acts as a dynamic molecular receptor that displays an ability to adjust its shape and conformation to accommodate anionic guests of different size and charge within its central core. The use of different guests can favor different binding modes and promote the formation of different macromolecular aggregates. Furthermore, the proper selection of the guest allows for the "turning on" or "turning off" of molecular threading and can be used to produce new kinds of threaded species. This dynamic behavior is a special feature of the Texas-sized molecular box, as is its ability to stabilize a range of polypseudorotaxanes, rotaxane-containing metal-organic frameworks (MORFs), and rotaxane-based supramolecular organic frameworks (RSOFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
- Akermin Inc., 4633 World Parkway Circle, St. Louis, Missouri 63134, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Moonhyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Gibson HW, Wang H, Niu Z, Slebodnick C, Zhakharov LN, Rheingold AL. Rotaxanes from Tetralactams. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202373x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Zhenbin Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Lev N. Zhakharov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United
States
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Synthesis of acetylene-functionalized [2]rotaxane monomers directed toward side chain-type polyrotaxanes. Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2009.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Harada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akihito Hashidzume
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Gibson HW, Farcas A, Jones JW, Ge Z, Huang F, Vergne M, Hercules DM. Supramacromolecular self-assembly: Chain extension, star and block polymers via pseudorotaxane formation from well-defined end-functionalized polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Suzaki Y, Murata S, Osakada K. Ferrocene-containing Side Chain Polyrotaxanes Obtained by Radical Copolymerization of Styrenes with Acrylamide with a [2]Rotaxane Structure. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nozaki T, Uno T, Itoh T, Kubo M. Noncovalent Cross-Linking of Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Polypseudorotaxane. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nozaki
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahito Itoh
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Kuratomi Y, Osaki M, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Stereoselective Complex Formation between Polybutadiene and Cyclodextrins in Bulk. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alupei V, Alupei IC, Ritter H. Cyclodextrins in Polymer Modification: Diels-Alder Addition of Cyclopentadiene/Methylated-?-Cyclodextrin Complex on Unsaturated Polyester and Formation of a New Type of Polypseudorotaxane. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rane SS, Mattice WL, Pugh C. Modification of statistical threading in two-component pseudorotaxane melts using the amphiphilic approach and variations in the confinement geometry. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:10299-306. [PMID: 15268055 DOI: 10.1063/1.1724818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we described a coarse-grained model of poly(ethylene oxide) and then employed that model to study the amount of spontaneous threading of cyclic molecules by linear chains in the melt [C. A. Helfer, G. Xu, W. L. Mattice, and C. Pugh, Macromolecules 36, 10071 (2003)]. Since the amount of statistical threading at equilibrium is small, there is interest in identifying physical changes in the system that will increase the threading. We now use that coarse-grained model to investigate the effect on threading of various hypothetical (but feasible) modifications to the two-component system of macrocycles and linear chains in the melt, and different confinement geometries, that can bring about correlations in the arrangement of the rings. Our work follows on the concept of an amphiphilic approach [C. Pugh, J.-Y. Bae, J. R. Scott, and C. L. Wilkins, Macromolecules 30, 8139 (1997)] for increasing the statistical threading in homopolyrotaxane melts. We investigate whether introducing such correlations in the macrocycles can increase the spontaneous threading. This paper shows that some of our modifications can yield more than double the amount of threading seen in purely statistical mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Rane
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA
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Li J, Ni X, Zhou Z, Leong KW. Preparation and characterization of polypseudorotaxanes based on block-selected inclusion complexation between poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) triblock copolymers and alpha-cyclodextrin. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:1788-95. [PMID: 12580604 DOI: 10.1021/ja026623p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new polypseudorotaxanes were synthesized in high yields when the middle poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block of poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO-PEO-PPO) triblock copolymers was selectively recognized and included by alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) to form crystalline inclusion complexes (ICs), although the middle PEO block was flanked by two thicker PPO blocks, and a PPO chain had been previously thought to be impenetrable to alpha-CD. X-ray diffraction studies demonstrated that the IC domains of the polypseudorotaxanes assumed a channel-type structure similar to the necklace-like ICs formed by alpha-CD and PEO homopolymers. Solid-state CP/MAS (13)C NMR studies showed that the alpha-CD molecules in the polypseudorotaxanes adopted a symmetrical conformation due to the formation of ICs. The compositions and stoichiometry of the polypseudorotaxanes were studied using (1)H NMR, and a 2:1 (ethylene oxide unit to alpha-CD) stoichiometry was found for all polypseudorotaxanes although the PPO-PEO-PPO triblock copolymers had different compositions and block lengths, suggesting that only the PEO block was closely included by alpha-CD molecules, whereas the PPO blocks were uncovered. The hypothesis was further supported by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of the polypseudorotaxanes. The glass transitions of the PPO blocks in the polypseudorotaxanes were clearly observed because they were uncovered by alpha-CD and remained amorphous, whereas the glass-transition temperatures increased, because the molecular motion of the PPO blocks was restricted by the hard crystalline phases of the IC domains formed by alpha-CD and the PEO blocks. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the polypseudorotaxanes had better thermal stability than their free components due to the inclusion complexation. Finally, the kinetics of the threading process of alpha-CD onto the copolymers was also studied. The findings reported in this article suggested interesting possibilities in designing other cyclodextrin ICs and polypseudorotaxanes with block structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore.
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Farcas A, Grigoras M. Synthesis and characterization of a fully aromatic polyazomethine with rotaxane architecture. POLYM INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kornysova O, Surna R, Snitka V, Pyell U, Maruska A. Polyrotaxane approach for synthesis of continuous beds for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 971:225-35. [PMID: 12350118 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The polyrotaxane formation approach was evaluated for synthesis of continuous beds for capillary electrochromatography. This approach has the advantage of generating diverse electroosmotic and chromatographic properties without chemical reactions. The polyrotaxane derivatized continuous beds were formed adding the macrocyclic compounds to the solution of neutral acrylic monomers and crosslinker prior to the initiation of the polymerisation. Cationic and anionic derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin were used as macrocyclic compounds. Investigation of the electroosmotic properties indicated a template directed and enthalpy controlled self-assembly of the polyrotaxanes during the polymerisation of the continuous beds. This process was monomer-composition dependent and favored by the hydrophobicity of the polymeric skeleton. The morphology of the continuous beds was evaluated using high-resolution optical microscopy with CCD camera and atomic force microscopy. Reversed-phase capillary chromatography driven by electroosmosis, originating from the polyrotaxane structure, was performed using several test mixtures. Not primarily designed for the chiral chromatography the polyrotaxane derivatized continuous beds demonstrated enantioselective separation of D,L-metoprolol. The stability of the polyrotaxane derivatized continuous beds was tested. The beds demonstrated reproducible electroosmotic properties in the range from pH 4 to pH 9 (RSD=0.69%).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kornysova
- Department of Chemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Kornysova O, Machtejevas E, Kudirkaite V, Pyell U, Maruska A. Synthesis and characterization of polyrotaxane-based polymeric continuous beds for capillary electrochromatography. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2002; 50:217-32. [PMID: 11741709 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The continuous bed technique with its attractive features, such as fritless design, one-step in situ synthesis, low back pressure and no need for pressurising the electrode vessels to suppress bubble formation was applied to form polyrotaxane-based stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Rotaxanes are synthesized from two classes of substances, namely linear reactive monomers and inert cyclic compounds. Upon polymerisation, a gel forms with the cyclic molecules mechanically immobilized (see Fig. 1). We have employed this simple approach, using charged derivatives of cyclodextrins in order to introduce charged groups into continuous beds and thus render them appropriate for electrochromatography. The self-assembly of supramolecular structures to form rotaxanes during the synthesis of the continuous beds is treated. The electroosmotic and chromatographic properties of the various polyrotaxane-based stationary phases synthesized are discussed, as well as the synthesis of the continuous beds, including how to affect their porosity and its influence on the efficiency of the electrokinetic separation. The applicability of the rotaxane-based continuous bed is demonstrated by separation of model compounds by reversed- and normal-phase chromatography. A separation of enantiomers is also presented. This experiment is of particular interest because it indicates that the interaction with the cavity of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) is not a fundamental requirement for enantioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kornysova
- Department of Chemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-3035 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Li J, Li X, Toh KC, Ni X, Zhou Z, Leong KW. Inclusion Complexation and Formation of Polypseudorotaxanes between Poly[(ethylene oxide)-ran-(propylene oxide)] and Cyclodextrins. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kee Chua Toh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xiping Ni
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Zhihan Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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