1
|
Tanaka S, Takezawa Y, Kanie K, Muramatsu A. Forming a Homeotropic SmA Structure of Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resin on an Amine-Modified Surface. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32365-32371. [PMID: 37720757 PMCID: PMC10500675 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular orientation of a liquid crystalline (LC) epoxy resin (LCER) on silane coupling surfaces of amorphous soda-lime-silica glass substrates was investigated. The LC epoxy monomer on the silane coupling surfaces of the substrates was revealed to form a smectic A (SmA) phase with planar alignments because of the relatively low surface free energy. An LCER with a curing agent, however, formed a homeotropically aligned SmA structure by curing on a substrate surface modified using a silane coupling agent with amino groups. This formation of homeotropic alignment was considered due to the attribution of the reaction between the amino group on the surface of the substrate and the epoxy group of the LCER. The homeotropic alignment had a relatively high orientation parameter of 0.95. Therefore, it is expected to possess high thermal conductivity and be applied as high-thermal-conductivity adhesives or packaging materials for electrical and electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tanaka
- Research
& Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi 319-1292, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takezawa
- Advanced
Technology Research & Development Center, Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd., 48 Wadai, Tsukuba 300-4247, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanie
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
- International
Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muramatsu
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
- International
Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jun Yim S, Gyak KW, Kawale SA, Mottafegh A, Park CH, Ko Y, Kim I, Soo Jee S, Kim DP. One-flow Multi-step Synthesis of a Monomer as a Precursor of Thermal-Conductive Semiconductor Packaging Polymer via Multi-phasic Separation. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
3
|
Tanaka S, Takezawa Y, Kanie K, Muramatsu A. Homeotropically Aligned Monodomain-like Smectic-A Structure in Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Films: Analysis of the Local Ordering Structure by Microbeam Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20792-20799. [PMID: 32875213 PMCID: PMC7450511 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the development of functional thin films with high thermal conductivity, the local ordering structure of a cured liquid crystalline epoxy resin (LCER) droplet was investigated by using synchrotron radiation microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering. The cured LCER in the vicinity of a substrate with low surface free energy was revealed to form a polydomain smectic-A (SmA) structure in which the normal direction of the layers was random in each domain, although the alignment was planar near the air interface. On the other hand, the cured LCER on a substrate with high surface free energy formed a homeotropically aligned SmA structure in the region within 21 μm from the surface of the substrate. Therefore, a 20 μm thick LCER film was fabricated and found to form a homeotropically aligned monodomain-like SmA structure throughout the whole film with a high thermal conductivity (0.81-5.8 W m-1 K-1). This film with a high thermal conductivity is expected to be applicable for adhesion and precoating materials for electrical and electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tanaka
- Advanced
Technology Research & Development Center, Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd., 48 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan
- Research
& Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takezawa
- Advanced
Technology Research & Development Center, Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd., 48 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanie
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muramatsu
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Q, Chen G, Wu K, Shi J, Liang L, Lu M. Biphenyl liquid crystal epoxy containing flexible chain: Synthesis and thermal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Guokang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kovalchuk AI, Kobzar YL, Tkachenko IM, Shevchenko VV. Polymers Containing Azo and Azomethine Groups: Synthesis, Properties, and Application. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Tanaka S, Hojo F, Takezawa Y, Kanie K, Muramatsu A. Highly Oriented Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Film: Robust High Thermal-Conductive Ability. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3562-3570. [PMID: 31458608 PMCID: PMC6641456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The molecular orientation effect of a liquid crystalline (LC) epoxy resin (LCER) on thermal conductivity was investigated, with the thermal conductivity depending on the surface free energy of amorphous soda-lime-silica glass substrate surfaces modified using physical surface treatments. The LC epoxy monomer was revealed to form a smectic A (SmA) phase with homeotropic alignments on the surfaces of substrates that possess high surface free energies of 71.3 and 72.7 mN m-1, but forming a planar alignment on the surface of a substrate that possesses a relatively low surface free energy of 46.3 mN m-1. The optical microscopy observations and the X-ray analyses revealed that the LC epoxy monomer also induced a homeotropically aligned SmA structure due to cross-linking with a curing agent on the high-free-energy surface. The orientational order parameter of the resulting homeotropic SmA structure was calculated from the grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering patterns to be 0.73-0.75. The thermal conductivity of the cross-linked LCER forming a homeotropically aligned SmA structure was also estimated to be 2.0 and 5.8 W m-1 K-1 for the average and maximum in the direction of the Sm layer normal. The value of the thermal conductivity was remarkable among the thermosetting polymers and ceramic glass, and the LCER could be applied for high-thermal-conductive adhesives and packaging materials in electrical and electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tanaka
- Research
& Development group, Hitachi, Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fusao Hojo
- Research
& Development group, Hitachi, Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takezawa
- Advanced
Technology Research & Development Center, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., 48 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanie
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muramatsu
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lugger J, Mulder DJ, Sijbesma R, Schenning A. Nanoporous Polymers Based on Liquid Crystals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E104. [PMID: 29324669 PMCID: PMC5793602 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present review, we discuss recent advances in the field of nanoporous networks based on polymerisable liquid crystals. The field has matured in the last decade, yielding polymers having 1D, 2D, and 3D channels with pore sizes on the nanometer scale. Next to the current progress, some of the future challenges are presented, with the integration of nanoporous membranes in functional devices considered as the biggest challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody Lugger
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk Jan Mulder
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Rint Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Schenning
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han M, Guo K, Wang F, Zhu Y, Qi H. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of thermosets based on the cocuring of an acetylene-terminated liquid-crystal and silicon-containing arylacetylene oligomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huimin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin YS, Hsu SLC, Ho TH, Cheng SS, Hsiao YH. Synthesis, characterization, and thermomechanical properties of liquid crystalline epoxy resin containing ketone mesogen. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan, ROC
- Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc; Product Characterization; Kaohsiung 801-70 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Steve Lien-Chung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Han Ho
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering; National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences; Kaohsiung 807-78 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shi-Shiun Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering; National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences; Kaohsiung 807-78 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsiao
- Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc; Product Characterization; Kaohsiung 801-70 Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fache B, Gallot B, Gelin MP, Milano JC, Pham QT. Synthesis and thermal properties of bismaleimides with mesogen aromatic amide-ester and flexible polymethylenic group. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Zhou D, Lu M, Liang L, Shen T, Xiao W. Curing behavior of Azo-containing twin liquid crystalline epoxy resins with anhydride. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Liu YL, Cai ZQ, Wen X, Pi P, Zheng D, Cheng J, Yang Z. A new and efficient synthetic method of a liquid crystalline epoxy resin with biphenol and aromatic ester group. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Sudhakara P, Kannan P. Diglycidylphenylphosphate based fire retardant liquid crystalline thermosets. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Meng FB, Jiao Lian, Chen HB, Gao YM, Zhang BY. Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Thermosets Derived from Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Epoxy Oligomers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008307086682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) oligomers bearing glycidyl ether groups were synthesized with cholest-5-en-3-ol(3 β)-4-(2-propenyloxy) benzoate, octyl 4-(4-allyloxy-benzoyloxy)-benzoate and epoxy monomer allyl glycidyl ether. The chemical structures and LC properties of the monomers and oligomers were characterized by use of various experimental techniques. All the chiral LC oligomers showed cholesteric mesophase with very wide mesophase temperature ranges. All the synthesized LC oligomers were cured with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane at the same curing conditions. The thermal behaviors, mesomorphic phase and optical properties of the thermosets were characterized. The synthesized thermosets have high thermal stability. The cholesteric phases of LC oligomers were frozen in the polymer networks. Compared with those of corresponding oligomers, the reflection located at wide angles of thermosets became more diffuse, and the peak intensity decreased in X-ray diffraction analysis. The selective light reflection maximum λmax of the thermosets at room temperature shifted slightly to short wavelengths as the LC monomer bearing cholesteryl component was increased, indicating that the helical pitch P becomes shorter due to more chiral groups in the polymer network systems. The temperature dependences of both reflection wavelength and optical rotation under the influence of the crosslinking reaction were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Bao Meng
- Research Centre for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jiao Lian
- Research Centre for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Research Centre for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yong-Mei Gao
- Research Centre for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bao-Yan Zhang
- Research Centre for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Cai ZQ, Sun J, Zhou Q, Xu J. Synthesis and characterization of a novel liquid-crystalline epoxy resin combining biphenyl and aromatic ester-type mesogenic units. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Xia XN, Xiong YQ, Zhang XH, Xu WJ, Yu JH. Synthesis and characterization of epoxy film cured with phosphorous-containing phenolic resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of cholesteric elastomers based on chiral mesogenic crosslinking agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
19
|
Huang CC, Yang MS, Liang M. Synthesis of new thermosetting poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s containing epoxide pendant groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Liu YL, Chou CI. High performance benzoxazine monomers and polymers containing furan groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Hu JS, Zhang BY, Zhou AJ, Dong YL, Zhao ZX. Preparation and phase behavior of side-chain cholesteric liquid-crystalline elastomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|